Instruments of Change
In the Third World today, many countries are changing to become more modernized. They are leaving behind much of their traditional features and trying to become more like the west. In order for this change to take place, there has to be some type of driving force. These elements of change are: the military, charismatic leadership and ideology.
One of the most prevalent methods for bringing about change is the military. In many third world countries, the military's primary mission is to quell domestic unrest, unlike the west with it's offensive minded forces. This concentration on domestic policing makes the military an effective means for gaining control of power.
When the military itself takes over control of a country's government, it is called a coup d'etat. The military takes over all the government agencies and broadcasting facilities and then enforces marshal law. The people of the nation are powerless to stop the military. Sometimes, as in the case of Iran, the military turns against its leaders and fights for the people.
When the military takes over, it is often led by a few rouge officers who feel that they have the country's best interest at heart. In Egypt, a few officers from the working class banded together to form "The Free Officers." These men decided to take control of power in Egypt in order to get their country out of British control.
After coming to power in Egypt, the "The Free Officers" took over the high positions in government. However one man became more powerful then the others due to the power of his charisma. Nasser delivered a speech in Alexandria in 1953 in which an attempt was made on his life. Shots were fired but Nasser did not flinch and instead said, "I live for Egypt, I die for Egypt."
It was at this point that Nasser became a charismatic leader. He now was free to take more control of the government with little or no opposition due to his popularity. A charismatic leader like Nasser can effect more then just one nation. Nasser became a leader for the entire third world and was responsible for many changes in his country. His affect on people was so great that upon his death over 40 million people attended his funeral and others committed suicide.
In addition to the military and charismatic leadership bringing about change, a new type of ideology can also bring about change.
Any study on Modern Egyptian history naturally begins with Nasser, Egypt’s first President after the Free Officers revolution in 1952. Nasser was the foremost proponent of pan-Arabism, an ideology that called for close ties between the Arab states, presumably under the leadership of Egypt, one of the most powerful states in the Middle East at the time. Compared to other states in the Arab World, Nasser’s Egypt was stable, militarily powerful, and independent of foreign influence. From this position of re...
...d took control of the Gaza Strip once again. Anwar el-Sadat then became president after Gamal Abdel Nasser died in 1970. In an effort to take control of the Sinai Peninsula, Anwar el-Sadat attacked the Israelis. After a cease-fire, the United Nation’s troops then returned to keep things peaceful. Israel then later withdrew and was only allowed to use it for non-military purposes. In 1978 a peace treaty was established between Egypt and Israel which influenced more peace in the Middle East. Although a formal treaty was signed in 1979. In 1981 Sadat was assassinated and Mohamed Hosni Mubarak followed him in presidency. The Sinai Peninsula was then returned to Egypt in 1982 after the Israeli troops withdrew from the region. Mubarak embraced Sadat’s policies and managed to climb to the top and be once again making Egypt known as one of the leaders of the Arab world.
... confuse, distract, wear down and demoralize the military regime and other repressive forces that stand in their way.
After their seizure of power, the RCC needed to determine its outlook toward the West in general and the United States in particular. This was due in large part to past circumstances related to Egypt’s pressing need to eliminate past vestiges of imperial domination, thus making a constructive relationship with Great Britain v...
Officers staged a maneuver to overthrow King Faruk. Nasser at this point remained in the
The Egyptian revolution was started like any other revolution; the people had a problem with the unfairness of the government. Hosni Mubarak had been in power for 30 years nearly half a lifetime of control. There were multiple attempts to remove him from power, but they were stopped with military force. Near the end of his rule he began to express excessive control of the politics of his people. Declaring that no religious associated groups would be able to hold any political power, with this law he eliminated his biggest rival, the Muslim Brotherhood. Up until 2005 Mubarak did not allow for anyone to run against him as president. He only had a vote for his approval to stay in office. With other opponents running he rigged the elections and
Transformational leaders has been written about for thousands of years–being both praised (Christ and Buddha) and cursed (Attila the Hun and Genghis Khan). And transformational leaders are increasingly in demand when you want to:
My thinking, though perhaps idealistic, was that the maintenance of a large military during relative international tranquility is an overt admission of weakness and increases the likelihood of unnecessarily employing that force—it is contextually irrelevant. Instead, I propose that a strong and stable economy is the best metric of national prowess, for such an economy can resource many opportunities as they arise. On the contrary, a robust military has a much narrower utility. To be sure, this author is not one that intentionally seeks to take an interdisciplinary approach to academia, but the connection seems relevant given the nature of this assignment. Whereas a nation may accomplish a strategic goal through military force, a leader may accomplish a task relying upon coercive power; whereas a nation may transform and develop the world through its economic strength and versatility, a versatile leader may transform others through the employment of one or many leader development principles—both theoretically based and experientially acquired.
Change is a double-edged sword (Fullan, 2001). Change is a word that might inspire or put fear into people. Leadership is challenging when it comes to dealing with change and how individuals react within the organization to the change. Marzano, McNulty, and Waters (2005) discuss two orders of change in their book School Leadership that Works: First and Second. Fullan (2001) also adds to the discussion in his book Leading in a Culture of Change, with regard to understanding change.
Military involvement in the country’s politics has become a common feature of modern states. This history of military-government relationship traces its roots back to hundreds of years during the wars of freedom and independence. In some countries, the military is heavily involved in political affairs while others keep politics out of the military. The differences in this relationship among states arise from underlying historical factors of the modern states. This paper considers two states, Germany and Nigeria where military is heavily involved in politics owing to a long history of political warfare fuelled by ethnic pressures and economic challenges. These states are used as a reference point for military involvement in politics and the conditions under which this happens. These examples show that historical and recent conditions make the relationship between government and military very different in African and European context. In the former, weak governments are unable to control military power, while on the later, even in countries with strong military, the political leadership put limits on military power.
The military is tasked with the duty and responsibility of protecting the nation from external attacks and managing any attacks that may happen. Over the years, countries across the world have engaged in conflicts originating from differences in policies and invasion of privacy and unfair treatment of citizens in foreign countries. In...
...obtain change is through civil disobedience in the form of riots, protests, regimes, warfare, etc. (Anastasion et al.).
When you are born people are there to take care of you, love you, and guide you through life. As you grow up and life changes, you must take charge of your own life and not become so dependent on others. Throughout the course of life a person will encounter many changes, whether good or bad. In 'A&P';, 'The Secret Lion';, and 'A Rose for Emily';, the main characters in the stories are Sammy, the boys, and Miss Emily who face changes during their lives. All of these characters are in need of change. Because of their need for change, their lives will become much better. They are filled with wonder and awe about the world around them. No matter what type of person, everyone will encounter changes. It is part of the natural process. A person is encouraged to make these changes for the good. Sammy, the boys, and Miss Emily all encounter changes in their lives that fulfill their need to become something different.
In Egypt, the political system was based on a one man dictator, Hosni Mubarak, who held his regime for 30 years. He governed the citizens of Egypt, a...
...nomy and made Egypt even more valuable but it had also gathered resentment from the people. Finally, the military coup d’état lead by Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrew the last king of the Dynasty in Egypt and Sudan and totally ended British Occupation during the Egyptian Revolution of 1952.