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The influence of heredity on development
The influence of heredity on development
Genetic screening outline
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Name: Sundus Alhaji SpCm 212 Informative Speech Title: 23andMe. General purpose: To inform Specific purpose: To instruct my classmates on how the 23andMe genetic testing might save their genes and reveal details about their ancestry. Organizational Pattern: Sequential and topical. Introduction I. Attention-Getter: Indeed, we are all made of cells and each cell contains 23 pairs of chromosome which are completely made of DNA. Who thought that only four letters (A,T,G,C) can constitute our identities? II. Relate to the audience: I am pretty sure that most of us have studied biology whether in high school or college, hence today’s presentation will guide you more about your genetic health screening. III. Thesis Statement: 23andMe kit can reveal plenty of hidden facts about your genetic history in terms of …show more content…
Preview: First of all, I will be focusing on the risk of getting certain diseases that might develop genetically in the future. Then, the steps of how the 23andMe company analyze your specimen, and finally viewing some of the people’s testimonies. [Transition: Now we will display some data on the risk of getting diseases] Body I. The DNA testing provides information on both genetic health risks and ancestry throughout 150 regions worldwide. A. Genetic Health Risk Reports: 1- Predicts your future developed traits in your DNA double helix strands to screen for any obvious mutations, which later develops to a chronic disease. 2- According to Coriell Institute for Medical Research: “Complex diseases, such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes don not have a single cause; it is the interaction between your genes, environment and lifestyle that ultimately cause complex diseases to occur.” 3- The reason why we might develop those diseases is due to the genetic inheritance from our parents (21%) or the lifestyle itself (79%). On the other hand, diabetes is merely controlled by the genetic factors but patients can overcome if they stick to a healthy
-Reilly Philip. Is It In Your Genes. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. 2004: 223-228. Print
There are many types of genetic tests that are administered to the adult population. The more commonly used genetic tests are paternity tests, genealogical tests, and forensic testing. They are quite self-explanatory; paternity tests are to determine relatedness of 2 subjects, genealogical tests are used to formulate a heritage or ancestry, and forensic testing is used to identify or rule out a person that has been charged with a crime. Other genetic tests include presymptomatic testing, used to determine the risk someone has to developing a genetic disorder, diagnostic screening, used to rule out or identify a suspected condition, and carrier screening, used to determine if an individual carries one copy of a gene mutati...
Your genetic information determines the genes you inherit that may cause or elevate your risk of certain medical conditions. My family genogram clearly indicates the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), heart disease (HD), hypercholesterolemia (HC) and hypertension (HTN). Heart disease is indicated on both maternal and paternal side and even though T2D only shows on my paternal side, the other diseases such as HC and HTN that are on my maternal side are risk factors for developing diabetes. According to Pessoa Marinho et al. (2013), the genetic and environmental risk factors that influence T2D development are: “age, gender, ethnicity, family history, obesity, inactivity, gestational diabetes, macrosomia, hypertension, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increased triglycerides, cardiovascular diseases, micropolycystic ovary syndrome, high blood glucose on previous testing, impaired glucose tolerance and glycated hemoglobin ≥5.7%” (Pessoa Marinho et al., 2013, p. 570). Bianco et al. (2013) states, “the maternal influence confirms the hereditary role in the diabetes pathogenesis that women with positive family history to the illness presented...
Stephen Quake, Opening the Pandora’s box of prenatal genetic testing. Nature Medicine. 17, 250-251 (2011).
Genetic testing is the testing of DNA in a patient’s blood in order to detect genetic disorders. This can be used to predict the disease risk of an embryo, an unborn infant, or a fully grown patient, including the individual’s risk of passing on a genetic disorder to offspring (National Institute of Health [NIH], 2013). To test adult patients, a blood sample is first taken from the patient and the DNA ...
In recent years, genetic testing has become a popular topic in the media. Usually involving cheek swabs, blood samples, or amniotic fluid samples, the procedure is relatively simple and can help diagnose genetic disorders, determine ideal medication types, or simply determine the patient’s heritage. It has saved many lives from cancer and other afflictions, but to say that genetic testing is always the correct choice is false. There are many issues with the tests, considering that they are new to the medical world. Genetic testing is mostly harmful because of privacy concerns, how underdeveloped it is, and the risk of it pushing a mother to abort her child.
A genetic test can help a person prepare for the future. For instance, if a couple wanted to have kids and they knew a disease like sickle cell ran in the family they may consider getting a genetic test. They would be able to find out whether or not they ar...
Allen, B., (1994). Predictive genetic testing: ethical, legal and social implications. USA Today Nov 1994:66-69. Reference 2.
Situations like Jacob's are now a relatively common with the advent of genetic screening. People can now look into their genetic make up to find out if they carry a deleterious gene or genetic predisposition to a disease. No longer must many people with high risk families worry about whether or not they may contract the same disease as their ancestors. Diseases and disorders such as Huntington chorea, Alzheimer's, Multiple Sclerosis, Muscular Dystrophy, Hemophilia, and some kinds of cancer such as breast, colon, thyroid, ovarian, and skin can now be identified on a particular gene and can likely predict the probability of disease onset. But with this technology comes many physiological and ethical problems. Within this paper, I will define genetic screening, look at the controversial ethical viewpoints, and give a brief overview to this situation.
In one study, genetic testing was the “best way to confirm genetic disease diagnostic” (Rew et al., 2010). This can prepare parents to know what expect and how to treat the disease or disorder. The results also help the doctors to be prepared if the child has the certain disease or not. It can allow the quality of living to increase as more intervention programs can help treat the potential disease. Even these tests can give an insight of the child’s health, it only shows the likelihood of getting the disease. This can produce anxiety and worry for the
Genetic testing has become a highly controversial issue among both the general population and the scientific community. It is a process that exposes a person’s entire genome sequence, allowing it to be read and evaluated to identify potential risks for genetic diseases or diseases that could be passed onto offspring (Holt Productions, 2012). With thousands of genetic tests already being used, and more being established, it seems logical to put this growing technology to use. Some agree that it is a person’s right to know and understand his or her genetic makeup. However, others argue that, despite the benefits of genetic testing, caution should be used to carefully inspect the risks associated with this new technology.
As we approach the 21st century, we as a society are increasingly bombarded with technical advances. One such area of advancement is the research involved with the Human Genome Mapping Project (HGMP). HGMP is a multi-billion dollar world wide research collaboration interested in sequencing the entire human genome. Started on October 1, 1990, with a group of over 350 labs, and expected to finish within the next 5 to 7 years, the Human Genome Mapping Project has given rise to many important advancements and many discoveries about the genetic make-up of humans (Bylinsky, 1994). With these advances come many ethical questions and concerns. The ability to screen an individual for specific disease will, in the future, play a major role in each of our lives. Genetic screening is defined in Genethics, by Suzuki and Knudson (1990), as "the examination of the genetic constitution of an individual - whether a fetus, a young child or a mature adult - in search of clues to the likelihood that this person will develop or transmit a heritable defect or disease."
Sorenson, James. "What We Still Don't Know About Genetic Screening and Counseling" New England Journal of Medicine." (1972): 203-211.
Everyone inherits their genes from their parents. James Nasmyth once said that “Our history begins before we are born. We represent the hereditary influences of our race, and our ancestors virtually live in us.” This is true because we are made of cells and each cell contains inherited DNA. Our DNA carries genetic information we inherited from our ancestors, but the environment we live in can affect this DNA. Nonetheless, testing our genomes can provide information for differentiating between the traits we have inherited from our ancestors and those that the environment shaped.
Discoveries in DNA, cell biology, evolution, and biotechnology have been among the major achievements in biology over the past 200 years, with accelerated discoveries and insight’s over the last 50 years. Consider the progress we have made in these areas of human knowledge. Present at least three of the discoveries you find to be the most important and describe their significance to society, health, and the culture of modern life. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a self-replicating molecule or material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent in chromosomes. It encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses.