... discussed within the scope of this paper but can be found in parts 3745-81-80 to 3745-81-90 of the Administrative Code (OEPA, n.d).
In many cases, the additional time and cost to conduct a quantitative analysis is not justified. Some risks with qualitative consequences, e.g. reputation damage, must be transformed into a quantitative amount. Quantitative assessments may be required in some instances, due to regulations, industry norms, or high-risk environments (ISO/IEC, 2009). It is important to be aware that while quantitative assessments look extremely precise, they are only as accurate as the data used to generate the estimate.
As technology progresses it can truly change how a business operates in terms of accounting and financial reporting. Online software has become a widely used system by many businesses around the globe. Financial reporting is essential to any business especially when seeking for potential investors or stakeholders. The reason being is because a financial report contains all of the records of how a business is performing financial wise. Likewise there are purposes of securities regulations and the main one is to disclose any schemes.
Section 5062 of the California Accountancy Act refers to professional standards. To which professional standards do you think they are referring?
Assignment of responsibility for certain functions of the bookkeeping and accounting process ensures that when a problem occurs a specific person is accountable. This, in turn, provides an incentive to that person to do their job correctly because any issue or problem will be their sole responsibility. Splitting duties has a similar impact on employees. By providing a system of checks and balances, i.e. one person keeps the records while another keeps the assets, the chance for fraud is greatly decrease and honest mistakes are easily caught. There are many physical, mechanical and electronic controls that provide further safety for a company’s assets. These include passwords, safes, alarms, security cameras, time clocks and locks (Kiesco et.al, 2008). The use of an auditor or other third party to independently verify the bookkeeping and accounting procedures performed by employees adds another layer of safeguarding to a company’s inter...
Table 3-4. Likelihood Definitions, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems. Special Publication 800-30, 2002.
Financial Accounting Standards Board. (2006, July 6). Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. Financial Accounting Series , 1-55.
Accountants are able to make better decisions and direct business owners better on how to grow their businesses. Individuals have also benefited from the technology; one can easily access to their bank information and keep track of their expenses. Technology helped accountants eliminate papers, pens, calculations, errors and time. Today, with the help of computers, printers everything is being done faster and with very little mistakes. As technology grew, accountants have been introduced to new equipments, software, Internet based communication systems and better security systems. Most of the accountants have computers, printers, and fax machines in the offices. Everything is being calculated, stored, and organized in the computerized programs. Time is very valuable for everybody; with these inventions accountants accomplish their job responsibilities much better and faster. One does not need to travel long distances to provide finance reports; instead they can easily connect to each other via Internet and provide their results online. Beside Internet, accountants also can fax over the document to the firms they
According to the article authored by Mark Rupert, what are the seven best practices in the roles and responsibilities of an internal audit function?
I am interested in conducting research and teaching in managerial accounting, auditing and assurance services and accounting information systems. In particular, I am interested in exploring the role of accounting information systems in decision making, internal control, and auditing. In order to gain an appreciation of these and related issues, it is essential for me to have a strong grounding accounting, accounting information systems, information technology, managerial accounting, as well as gain a general economic and management perspective.
AASB, Australian Accounting Standards Board, Statement of Accounting Concepts SAC4 ‘Definition and recognition of the elements of financial stat
Modern information system is now popular all over the world, it also change the accounting area. Instead of the old manual analysis, many companies making effort in developing a fitted accounting information system for themselves, as they realize the advantages that the new technology brings in - more efficient and accurate in processing, integrated data, detailed record etc. However, even though there are so many benefits, the functional system also brings challenges, making new requirements to the accountants and auditors. This paper will discuss the impact of technology to the accounting information system, as well as the necessary capability ethics that the accountants should learn in this 21th century.
The major characters of the tradition audit are all information what is needed by auditors are on the paper and the manual calculators and without high communication technology. Auditors usually were limited by the place in the paper time. When a several people are working on the same auditing project for a client with offices in cities across the country, even worldwide, it takes a lots all time those auditors get the information which they need from the client, even there is risk paper information disappear for many reasons. on the another hand, mail paper information increase the auditing cost. The mistake caused by the manual calculators inevitably, no matter how fixed auditors concentrate on recalculate is, after all auditors are human. The global business become major in the modern business world, some example, several auditors who are in different locations are working a same auditing project, or auditors are in different city even country with the client, when there is issue among these auditors or between auditors and client, they only can communicate with each other by phone or be together and have meeting. Phone call can not make sure information been watched in the same time when the voice is talking about the issue, but having a meeting takes time and money make all people together, it increases auditing cost.
Auditing has been the backbone of the complicated business world and has always changed with the times. As the business world grew strong, auditors’ roles grew more important. The auditors’ job became more difficult as the accounting principles changed. It also became easier with the use of internal controls, which introduced the need for testing, not a complete audit. Scandals and stock market crashes made auditors aware of deficiencies in auditing, and the auditing community was always quick to fix those deficiencies. Computers played an important role of changing the way audits were performed and also brought along some difficulties.
An Accounting Information System (AIS) can be defined as software that helps accountants to collect data and process it to create information ((Bagranoff, Simkin and Norman 2010)