"Small-scale private water providers (SSPWPs) like us deliver water to pockets of poor communities in the country unserved by the bigger water utilities. When combined, these small efforts become a significant contribution" (Mejia, 2008) Provision of water can be done by both state and non-state water supply company. In a condition where state water supply company does not able to provide sufficient and reliable water service for all of the population, non-state company will fill the gap. This essay will describe the ability of non-state water company, which is also known as the small-scale independent provider (SSIP), to provide a sustainable solution for providing water service. Drinking water is essential need for every human being. Resident of most cities in developed countries often served by only one water supply provider (Collignon and Vézina, 2000). Water providers are obliged to serve the city including poor households. When they do not have ability to do this commitment, McIntosh (2003) argued that it could be due to several reasons. First, service levels are often based on technical standards, not tailored to demand; hence it is not affordable for poor households. Second, payment systems are usually constraint community with irregular income. Third, lack of communication between employee of the water provider and residents of low-income areas leads to worsen the risks of being overcharged in the case of inappropriate billing. Serving all the population in an urban or rural area is also an unrealistic target for a state water provider (Schwartz, Interview). Due to urbanism and urban development, the city is growing substantially. It becomes a complex issue for water provider to synchronize the company's developmen... ... middle of paper ... ...ciation International Water 2003 Asian water supplies reaching the urban poor. Manila, Philippines; London: Asian Development Bank ; copublished by International Water Association. Mejia, Elsa. Water Champion: Elsa Mejia Operating as a Small-Scale Private Water Provider. Interview with Cezar Tigno. June 2008. (http://www.adb.org/water/champions/mejia.asp, accessed 7 March 2011). Moran D, and Batley R, 2004 Literature Review of Non-state Provision of Services. (http://www.idd.bham.ac.uk/research/pdfs/Literature_Review_12April04.pdf, accessed 2 March 2011). Schwartz, Klaas. Interview. 7 March 2011. Schwartz, Klaas. Formalization of Informal Providers: The Case of Greater Maputo, Mozambique. Institutional Analysis Lecture. 2 March 2011. Solo, T. M. 1999 Small-scale entrepreneurs in the urban water and sanitation market. ENVIRONMENT AND URBANIZATION 11(1):117-132.
First off, as a corporation handling a towns water systems, it is the duty of the individuals within the company to take care of the water in a responsible
The Drinking Water and Wastewater in Appalachia Analysis (2005) included a case study that described the problem of wastewater treatment and straight pipe discharges in the Appalachian Region. The study stated that even in communities served by public water systems, many of the systems have undersized, aging lines and treatment facilities and are hard-pressed to supply the existing population cluster, let alone to broaden coverage to a dispersed rural population (O’Dell, 2005). In numerous areas a declining customer base for water utilities, the result of emigration from central Appalachia to areas of the nation with better economic opportunities precludes sufficient revenues to upgrade or expand service.
Water shortage is a growing problem for most countries in the world. For China, which has 20% of world’s population and only 7% of available water resources, this problem may become catastrophic (Hofstedt 2010, 72). Therefore some actions and measures should be performed to avoid or at least to weaken future water crisis in China. In this work the following three solutions will be proposed and analyzed in terms of efficiency and applicability: water usage efficiency improvement; adopting the local agencies on controlling water resources; reasonable water pricing.
Although water is all around, very little is drinkable. Six billion people live on earth and 1.1 billion in 31 countries are unable to access safe, clean drinking water. California has only 20 years of water supply left. Ironically, even the wettest place on earth, Cherrapunji, India, has often water shortages. After years of millions of people dying of thirst and disease, a corporate movement to find a solution to the water crisis has now swept the world. Water, a fleeting resource vital to every life, every single day of the year, is now being taken out of the governments control and becoming a commodity bought and sold by big business, a.k.a privatization.
Pina, P. (2011 , March ). Addressing water Crisis in Mexico City. Retrieved 2014, from SYPA: http://watersecurityinitiative.seas.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/Patricia%20PINA%20SYPA%20on%20Mexico%20City%20Water_0.pdf
Mexico is high-urbanized country. Almost 78% of its citizens live in cities (Castro and Heller 2009). That is why citizens of urban areas suffer the most from the appreciable water shortage. The situation with water supply in urban areas is critical. As an example, Mexico City, with population about 20 million people, faces quite serious scarcity of water. It obtains water from 3 main basins, all of them are overexploited (UNESCO 2006). The solution of the government to this problem was to pump water from the aquifers. However, these palliative actions of the government have not solved the problem, three aquifers from which city gets water are overused (UNESCO 2006).
This is because only a small part of the population, particularly in developing countries, have access to water of acceptable quality. It is estimated that in some countries only 20% of the rural population has water of satisfactory quality. Based on these statistics, it is clear the urgent need for awareness about caring for water use. Almost without realizing it, we are seriously jeopardizing this essential resource, not for us but for our children's children and their generations, aware that in other parts o...
... the water from seas. It appears that the better pace against the water scarcity ought to be every person’s economy in every-day living.
Water privatization is putting water rights into private corporations. In developing countries privatization is acceptable but in developed countries water should be left to the public. In the developed countries like the US, France and Europe water is controlled by the public and private companies or corporations. Water remains a function of municipal government in 90% of cities around the US and Suez Environment and Veolia Water are the top two water companies.2 The consensus throughout the US is that water should be the publics responsibility because water in privately owned water facilities is more expensive and in some cases below standards and less desirable.6 People in the US want to keep their water in their hands because they feel better knowing that people like them control and consume the same water as they do and not people who do not. Putting water in the control of private companies has some less desirable effects on the public. These organizations have a profit motive with incentives that cause them to avoid conservation and efficiency measures since profits depend upon volu...
Developed countries struggle with managing water consumption. Our high demand in agriculture, industry, and domestic use further complicates this issue. With increasing urbanization and extravagant changes in lifestyle, our use and wasting of water will only increase. As of this year, nearly 1.1 billion people live without clean drinking water and 2.6 billion live without adequate water sanitation. The McDonald's down the street, however, will sell you a 1/3 pounder burger for only 150 gallons. Changes in lifestyle can easily reduce this number and help not only save water, but money as well. Currently, with our diminishing water supply, one of the main goals of humanitarian organizations is ensuring that everyone has t...
One main causes of water scarcity is water mismanagement worldwide. Water mismanagement has become a crisis of governance that will impact heavily ...
Indeed, walking to the kitchen and turning on the tap is much easier than driving to a store and carrying a case of bottled water home. Government should publicize that the quality of tap water is ensured to be as healthy as bottled water. In addition, the advertisement from bottled water companies should be strictly regulated to prevent them from misleading the customers. If the situation is not ameliorated, government can tax bottled water company heavily to decrease both the quantity demand from customer and the quantity supply from the bottled water company. As a matter of fact, the heavy tax for bottled water is justified because the negative externalities that the plastic bottle creates are harmful to the Earth.
Water is pure and a transparent liquid that is vital for all humans, plants and animals on the planet. In the United States, people have access to clean drinking water and clean sanitation systems, not like in other parts of the world where clean safe drinking water is getting scarce. A lot of people don’t have access to it, and many regions are suffering severe drought. Yet, humans take it for granted, they don’t appreciate that a reliable clean supply of water is essential to human health, economy and agricultural prosperity. Having clean and safe potable water is a right and not a privilege. Some individuals don’t appreciate the advantage of having clean water available at
Many people around the world need water. Around 780 million people are unable to get clean water (One Billion Affected). People who do have access to clean water in their homes, have to pay a fee. The people who struggle to live obviously do not have enough money to buy water. People who are unable to have clean water have a good chance of dying either from disease or from dehydration. At least 3.4 million people die a year from water problems such as sanitation (One Billion Affected).
Water is an integral part of not only human beings but all other creatures in the world. We use it every day for different purposes such as domestic, agricultural and industrial. Water has always been a prestigious resource. However, the majority of people do not appraise water’s worth since they do not face water scarcity; whereas, in third world countries it is one of the most serious problems. Nearly 2.4 billion people have a lack of water resources in the world, shows the investigation done by the Pacific Institute, an Oakland, California-based non-profit scientific research group. Moreover, every year this number is growing gradually and more people are suffering (Bloomberg News, 2010). There are certain causes which deteriorate current situation. The most influential reasons are global warming, pollution by human-beings and overpopulation. It is known that India is one of the countries which face water scarcity so this essay will consider the possible ways of solutions of water shortage in India.