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Influenza A virus thesis
Influenza A virus thesis
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Intro to Influenza
Would you ever think of the influenza virus killing as many people as a war? You may be surprised but in some years there have been as many as 50,000 influenza related deaths. That’s as many deaths per year from influenza as the total soldiers who died in the Revolutionary War. To prevent any more deaths experts suggest that it is important to take this virus seriously. Especially when thinking about getting an annual vaccination for influenza related medication. The accessibility of this vaccination or medication is crucial as well. It is essential for people to be able to recognize what medications are available to prevent the virus or minimize spreading it to others. Many people also are not able to get vaccinations once a year, therefore they do not get the treatment that they need.
What Is Influenza?
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The disease affects many parts of your body like your lungs, nose and may also give you headaches ranging in severity. Some people are more susceptible to the bad effects of the flu and the experts from the American Heart Association stated, “If you have asthma or other lung diseases, or other chronic conditions you are at higher risk of developing complications from the flu.” This means that some people have a higher risk of the flu turning into something that can be life threatening. If it goes untreated then there can be serious consequences that can appear worse than the flu since there are other factors of your health being affected. On the other hand, if you wouldn’t have had the other issues like lung diseases or asthma, it would only develop into the flu and portray only the symptoms that influenza
As you know autoimmune diseases are your immune auto-generate antibodies against cells of your body. In here, I don’t tell physiology of autoimmune diseases but I will tell one of most autoimmune diseases that is immune fertility disease. Researchers at the University of Virginia Health System have found a new human protein, radical radial spoke protein 44 (RSP44) in July, 2007. RSP44 is antigen can be found in all men, residing in the sperm tail at the center of a structure known as the axoneme. Antigens can only stimulate antibody production when they come in contact with components of the blood. Under normal conditions, blood and sperm do not mix. Direct contact between the two is prevented by a cellular structure in the testes called
Such was the case for Jules Bergeret. Jules was a “big, strapping man” who owned a tavern during the epidemic, and on December 11 he celebrated his 32nd birthday. Within two weeks Jules, his mother, his sister, and his 25 year old wife all fell victim to the flu, and on December 22 he was dead.4 The virus left victims bleeding out of their nose, ears, and mouth; some coughing so hard that autopsies would later show that abdominal muscles and rib cartilage had been torn. Victims also complained of extreme headaches and body aches that were so intense one man described it “as if his bones were breaking.”
The effects of a disorder with insulin can be very grave because this hormone is very important to the body. First I would like to discuss Diabetes Type 1. This disease, also called juvenile diabetes, is usually diagnosed to children or young adults. Off all the people with diabetes, only five percent of the people have type one diabetes. 10Type one diabetes is a condition in which the immune system destroys the cells in the pancreas which produce insulin. Type 1 diabetes is not associated with lifestyle habit; and it is neither curable nor preventable. So you my reader could receive this disease and never know how you got it or how to prevent it! At least you can know when you get though. Some of the symptoms are excessive thirst and urination,
Lupus is known as “the cruel mystery” in the world of disease/medicine. 1.5 million Americans are currently diagnosed with Lupus, with the number possibly being a lot higher since it is one of the most difficult diseases to diagnose in the WORLD (5 Million some form of Lupus)
The influenza or flu pandemic of 1918 to 1919, the deadliest in modern history, infected an estimated 500 million people worldwide–about one-third of the planet’s population at the time–and estimates place the number of victims anywhere from 25 to 100 million. More than 25 percent of the U.S. population became sick, and some 675,000 Americans died during the pandemic. The 1918 flu was first observed in Europe, the U.S. and parts of Asia before swiftly spreading around the world. Surprisingly, many flu victims were young, otherwise healthy adults. At the time, there were no effective drugs or vaccines to treat this killer flu strain or prevent its spread. In the U.S., citizens were ordered to wear masks, and schools, theaters and other public
Although people should have the freedom to choose to be vaccinated, the public needs to be educated about the personal, economical, and social benefits of receiving the influenza vaccine. In addition, people who are at a high risk of contracting influenza as well as health care providers should be encouraged to receive an influenza vaccine in order to decrease the major health burden associated with the disease. Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a viral infection of the respiratory system and it is characterized by abrupt onset of fever, sore throat, and nonproductive cough. Influenza is spread from person to person by inhalation of the droplets produced when a person infected with influenza coughs or sneezes. In addition, it can also be spread by contact with infected objects such as utensils.
One of the most virulent strains of influenza in history ravaged the world and decimated the populations around the world. Present during World War I, the 1918 strain of pandemic influenza found many opportunities to spread through the war. At the time, science wasn’t advanced enough to study the virus, much less find a cure; medical personnel were helpless when it came to fighting the disease, and so the flu went on to infect millions and kill at a rate 25 times higher than the standard.
Previous influenza epidemics had a mortality rate less than 0.1%, but this virus had a mortality rate of 2.5%. The virus was extremely devastating and killed many people, but there were some good things that came out of it. Influenza caused the United States Public Health Service (PHS) to expand and develop. The PHS has provided financial assistance to hospitals; developed sanitation programs; conducted surveillance of infectious diseases; and delivered high-quality healthcare to those that needed it. After the years of the disease, the American public health policy improved a lot, and the virus taught America important lessons which proved essential to the maintenance of a healthy population.
The influenza pandemic of 1918 had not only altered the lives of thousands, but the habitual lives of family and work as well. The Spanish Influenza collected more lives than all of the casualties of war in the twentieth century combined. After the disease had swept through the nation, towns that once began their days in lazy, comfortable manners had begun to struggle to get through a single day. What started as a mild neglect of a typical fever or case of chills had escalated and grown at an alarmingly rapid rate to be fearsome and tragic.
The Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919 occurred during the midst of World War I, and it would claim more lives than the war itself. The disease erupted suddenly without a forewarning and spread rapidly across the globe. It seemed as though all of humanity had fallen under the mercy of this deadly illness. Influenza had very clear symptoms as described by William Collier in his letter to The Lancet. After a patient seizes their temperature can run up to 105° or more while their pulse averages at about 90 beats per minute. The high temperature and low pulse are frequently combined with epistaxis (nosebleed) and cyanosis (blueness of the skin). The epistaxis is caused by the high temperature and the cyanosis is caused by a lack of oxygen due to the decreased pulse (Kent 34). The author of Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919, Susan Kinglsey Kent, provides a brief history of the pandemic and documents from the time period. Many of the included documents show how unprepared and unorganized governments attempted to contain and control a disease they had never experienced, and how the expectations of the governments changed as a result of their successes and failures.
Influenza infection can negatively impact the productivity. Moreover, workers can loss their working time. They cannot go for a job because they have to care for their family members. Ruf and Knuf (2014) explain that in Finland, the estimated number of parenteral lost work days are about 54-195 days per year for every 100 children, between 0-13 years. In addition, a US group estimated that annually 247,000 work days are lost by caregivers due to their sick children. In other words, influenza dropped the productivity or workforce among parents while tending to sick children. Similarly, a Canadian study suggested that due to influenza, the average working time has been decreased about 14 hours annually. (Schanzer et al., as cited in Gianino et al., 2017). It is clear that seasonal influenza has become a leading factor for losing productivity or working hour in the
The influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 killed more people than the Great War, known today as World War I (WWI), at somewhere between twenty and forty million people. (1) Influenza is a virus that appeared in 1918 and caused a pandemic. It made an enormous impact that is still significant to the world today. It has pushed scientists to make advancements in the medicine and vaccination industry that continue to grow each and every day. Influenza may be a horrible thing, but without it we wouldn’t be where we are today.
Do you know what lupus is, if not this article is going to tell you everything about it like what is is, whats it can do to your body, signs and symptoms. Did you know the most common age group to develop lupus is around 18-34 and the craziest thing about it is they don't even know what it is. Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system produces autoantibodies that attack healthy cells and tissues. Also attacks the cells in the skin, joints, heart, lung, kidneys, and in the brain. It is estimated that about 1.5 million americans have the disease lupus and there is 16000 more cases of lupus every year.
Introduction The Australian Health Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza (AHMPPI) was established by the Office of Health Protection in the Department of Health and Ageing after consultation, communication and feedback from advisory groups, peak bodies and experts in pandemic influenza. Influenza (flu) is a contagious disease of the respiratory tract that is caused by influenza virus. It is a life-threatening illness. This viral infection causes serious illness and death around the world, especially in winter months, also called seasonal influenza every year.
Different flu strains have popped up which have added more cases. Sometimes, the flu weakens the immune system which makes the body more vulnerable to other viruses and diseases. Pneumonia is one of them. This is one reason as to why people, not just old and young people, are