The Influence of George Berkeley
George Berkeley (1685-1753) was an Irish clergyman and philosopher who studied and taught at Trinity College in Ireland, where he completed some of his best known works on the immateriality of matter (believing that all matter was composed of ideas of perception and therefore did not exist if it was not being perceived).
Coleridge himself acknowledge the influence of Berkeley on his work, in particular his poem “This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison” when he wrote a letter to Robert Southey in July 1797, in which the poem was included, with the following note, “You remember, I am a Berkleian.” We can see the influence of Berkeleyin “This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison” in three main ways: perceptions of light, the idea of a divine spirit in everything yet still separate and itself, and the idea that there are as many “minima visibilia” in an enclosed space as out in the wide-open spaces.
According to Stephen Prickett, one of the main ideas that Berkeley had hoped to prove was that all reality is mental, but the idea that truly came through in his works is that each person does not perceive object, but instead qualities (like color, form, sent, and sound), and each person perceives these qualities differently. Prickett goes further to claim that the effect of this idea on Coleridge “was to make him intensely conscious of light” (12). We can see this obsession with light and they way it plays on different object throughout “This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison”:
Pale beneath the blaze
Hung the transparent foliage; and I watch’d
Some broad and sunny leaf, and lov’d to see
The shadow of the leaf and stem above
Dappling its sunshine! And that walnut-tree
Was richly ting’d, and a deep radiance lay
Full on the ancient ivy, which usurps
Those fronting elms, and now, with blackest mass
Makes their dark branches gleam a lighter hue
Through the late twilight…
Coleridge’s preoccupation with light and the way in which it changes the perception of the object is what links this passage with the ideas of Berkeley. Even though Coleridge and many other Romantics (such as Wordsworth) used the came to different conclusions about perception than Berkeley, his theories about light “pointed to the why in which such phenomena of light as the rainbow could be used as a scientific model for the imagination as a perceptual relationship between man and nature” (Prickett 13).
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7- Downing, Lisa,. "George Berkeley." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University, 10 Sept. 2004. Web. 28 Nov. 2013. .
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting more than 27 million Americans (LeMone, Burke, Bauldoff, 2011). It is caused when the cartilage in the joints breaks down, causing the bones of the joint to rub against one another. This causes pain, stiffness, and loss of motion in the joint. Osteoarthritis is most prevalent in those 65 and older, but can affect those of any age. In addition, African Americans and Hispanics report a higher incidence of arthritis than Caucasians (LeMone, Burke, Bauldoff, 2011). Although the cause is unknown, it is believed that the increasing age of the population, prevalence of obesity and injuries add to the progression of the condition. Osteoarthritis can affect any joint in the body; however, those of the hand, hip, and knee are often the most common. This condition may be asymptomatic, or may present symptoms including soreness, stiffness and pain. The symptoms are more common in the older population, those with limited activity levels, and those who are obese. Joint cartilage thins over time, causing an increased risk for symptoms in the elderly, and obesity puts extra pressure on the joints during activity. Osteoarthritis is commonly diagnosed with the use of a physical assessment along with results of radiology testing such as X-Ray and MRI.
A stretching regimen recommended by a therapist is beneficial to increase the flexibility of the musculature around the knee (Kabiri). Since muscles weaken over the course of OSD, strengthening programs may prove valuable to the patient. Since muscles weaken over of the course of OSD, exercises such as wall squats, straight leg raises and later jump rope can strength the hamstring and quadriceps muscles that are affected (Kabiri). Thorough evaluations by the therapist should occur to assess the patient for pain during any strengthening program to prevent re-jury or
Colleges desire a crime free environment, however, the fact is, many campuses already have several violent crimes that occur on a regular basis. Crime in schools and colleges is “one of the most troublesome social problems in the Nation today” (“Crime in Schools and Colleges.”). Crime is already an occurring issue because little to no changes have been made to discourage criminal activity. Seen as an ever growing issue, college crime could easily lessen if changes occurred. Criminal activity will lessen if a campus carry were enacted. Permitting gun carry will allow for a positive change, because criminals will be aware of the fact that students may possess weapons. Since 2012, more than 150 colleges in the United States have allowed concealed carry, and “not one of these campuses has seen a single resulting act of violence (including threats) or a single resulting suicide attempt” (“Common Arguments Against Campus Carry.”). This proves permitting guns will allow for a safer, more productive campus. Violence will not drastically increase if campus carry is enacted; the opposite effect will occur. If students who possess their concealed carry licenses are already allowed to carry guns into certain businesses and areas, what difference will it make to continue that carry onto a college campus. If a student wanted to commit violent acts, they could already commit them off campus property. Campus carry promotes safety, and helps diminish criminal
Guns are devices created to kill. Are they really necessary on college campuses? They are a danger to the students and the staff. They should be strictly forbidden because firearms are dangerous, students are most likely to suffer an accident and the security becomes less granted to those inside of a space dedicated to education. In addition, they are not safe, accidents happen and it might shoot off by accident. Someone can just get crazy and do terrible things. Society will be safer if we all got rid of those nasty devices,which have only caused, massive tragedies in the world.
It would be in the best interests of the students safety, creating a safe learning environment free of crime, and deterring crime before it even starts. The majority of college campuses in the United States prohibit weapons on campus to keep a sence of “safety”.
Recent research shows that the risk of having guns on campus does not increase safety; “ Johns Hopkins University, concluded that increasing the number of weapons on college grounds is likely to lead to more shootings, homicides, and suicides on campus, especially among students” (Ewing, Campus Carry: The Movement to Allow Guns on College Grounds, Explained). Also, there is no reliable data that demonstrates that women are less likely to be raped if people were allowed to carry guns on colleges. According to the National Crime Victimization Survey in the 300 cases of sexual assault from 2007 to 2011 not a single women with a gun could stop the rapist (Defilippis and Hughes, The Numbers on Arming College Students Show Risks Outweigh Benefits). In fact, at one college that allows students and people to be on campus with a firearm, the number of cases of rapes actually
...would see things the way they appear and would know what they are. He also doesn't believe in an external mind. Berkeley believes that God perceives us knowledge, which I do not think is believable.
College campuses are a place for giving away knowledge. They are a place to study but firearms are ruining its silence and peace. They are a toxic to the study environment. Many incidents have taken place in past on college campuses due to firearms and and due to these acts many pro-gun activist has intimated that both professors and students should be allowed to carry concealed weapons on campus. When it comes to college campuses, then people debate about whether it is right to carry a gun or not. But the debate is actually being whether guns should be allowed on college campuses. The Constitution of The United States of America allows its citizens to carry firearms, but the law has some restrictions. A person is not allowed to carry a concealed weapon in vulnerable place like a college campus. In many states like Florida, Georgia and Arizona, people are allowed to carry a gun in public which is why guns are the leading cause of injuries and deaths. If the government allows guns on campus, then there will be an upsurge in the probability of deaths and injuries by guns. There should be some limitations on carrying a gun. Strict firearm control should be implemented for those who chose to carry a concealed weapon, and gun control should be done by having stricter certification processes before giving away the possession of the firearm like intensive psychological evaluation for the person applying for a
Have you ever wondered how many people carry guns on college campuses or maybe have one in their dorms or vehicles? People believe that it is necessary to carry guns on college campuses, those people are the ones that feel they need guns to feel safe. Shootouts normally don’t happen on college campuses, but when they do, they are horrifying. Many people are injured or end up dead. Due to all the shootouts on college campuses and the people that are injured during the shootouts, guns should be prohibited.
As an idealist, Berkeley believed that nothing is real except for minds and their ideas. Ideas do not exist independently of the mind, but rather it is the mind that provides validity to the concepts. Something exists only if someone has the idea of it. It is the acknowledgement made by humans that takes a mere ambiguous idea and gives it not only meaning but its very existence. If one looks at the opposing idea, it’s difficult to completely grasp the concept that should an individual be unaware of either an object or an idea, it’s existence is subjective. The reason being is that, how can one be aware of the lack of existence of something, should they be ignorant of the actual object. There is nothing to prove its existence should the idea of it never manifest itself in the mind of an individual.
The Romantics believed that the human imagination transcends physical boundaries, allowing access to the elusive ‘sublime’. As a Romantic, Coleridge perceives the human mind as a powerful contributor to the creative process, and a vehicle capable of transporting man to a transcendent realm. In ‘Kubla Khan’, the paradoxically imagined “stately pleasure dome” immediately highlights the embellished reality, as the man-made physically constructed dome ironically contains a natural and organic thriving paradise. The “fertile ground”, by evoking connotations of creation, metaphorically serves as the landscape of the poetic mind, enacting Coleridge’s theory described in Biographia Literaria of the primary imagination as an impulse of creativity. Thus, Coleridge elucidates the poet’s transcendence above the mortal and the finite, mirroring Burke’s theory of the sublime, as a “mixture of horror ...
George Berkeley was one of the most famous British empiricists who is well known for his early works on vision perceptions, ideas, mind and God. He argues that the correlation of perception is through ideas of sight and touch. His idealism is the theory that the physical world exists only in the experiences the mind has of it.
While Coleridge describes the process of creating Romantic poetry and encourages poets to use the combination of nature and imagination in this process, Keats is more focused on reality and is well aware of the limitations of the Grecian urn. With the poets’ admiration of nature present in both poems …… to be completed.