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Socio-cultural aspects of leisure
Factors that affect leisure activities
Socio-cultural aspects of leisure
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Leisure is such an important part of human life that it has been included as a basic human right by the United Nations. Leisure can involve doing things that make you feel good and provide a sense of pleasure. Leisure is thus linked to good health as it reduces the stress on a person arising from the pressures of everyday living. The actual amount of leisure time and the activities that people engage in their leisure time varies considerably across societies and cultures and even within them based on differences in age groups, gender, social class, and personality type (Carr, 1997). This essay is a study on the impact of these and other factors on the choice of leisure activities.
In order to understand the impact of various socio-cultural factors on leisure activities I have developed and analyzed my leisure activities during a typical week (attached in the appendix). The objective is to actively and consciously understand the factors shaping my leisure time and activities. The essay starts with a summary of my leisure activities that gives an idea of a typical week in my life. This is followed by a critical analysis of socio-cultural factors, which in my view impacts my choice of leisure activities and the time I spend on them.
I have found that my leisure time and activities have been greatly impacted by the combination of the following two socio-cultural factors – the sedentary lifestyle brought about by the advent of internet and the emphasis on maintaining an active and healthy lifestyle. Internet has no doubt made the social interactions easier and faster, but at the same time it promotes a hectic and inactive lifestyle that needs to be consciously balanced by focused physical activities. I am constrained by the common mod...
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...rinciples by considering my own leisure activities as the basis of analysis. I have attempted to understand how much is the choice of leisure activities dependent on my socio-cultural environment. From the analysis, I have come to the conclusion that economic background definitely impacts both the time and type of leisure activities. Curiously, age does have a significant impact, though not in the context of physical capability and mental interests. People belonging to different age groups, in my view, have socially expected tasks. This has made younger people busier and more time constrained than older people, thus affecting their leisure activities. However, the biggest impact of leisure activities has been the advent of technology – chiefly mobile communication and internet – that has led to the explosive growth of social media as a form of mass leisure activity.
As a child, many individuals have free time where they can participate in leisurely activities often. Known as the preparation phase, leisure at this point is usually where a child forms relationships and set goals they wish to achieve in the future. This differs drastically from the establishment phase, where an individual is usually too busy to participate in leisure as much. At this phase, leisure is viewed as purposive, such as taking their child to a museum. The focus is generally not focused on just the individual themselves but rather on acting upon their previous goals to successfully reach them. The final phase is known as the reintegration phase where an individual reflects on the course their life has taken due to the preparation and establishing they have done. At each stage, there are constraints and facilitators that affect what an individual may do as leisure. However, there are other cultural and social factors that affect this as well. Ever since ancient times, an individual’s economic status is a factor that has affected their participation in certain leisure activities that they can afford or not. Today, this still occurs as some people can afford to do activities for leisure while others can not. There are other constraints that an individual can face as well based on where they live, their religion and what race they are. It is unfortunate that not all
Marks, L. (2006). The Loss of Leisure in a Culture of Overwork. Spirit of Change Magazine.
Evidence suggests that families often enjoyed everyday leisure but in reality working class social life was divided by gender. Married women’s leisure tended to be separate from the public domain and was not very different from work, but was linked with domestic duties and family relations. It was during this period that to survive families had to send their sons and daughters into the labor force to supplement the earnings of the father, while the mother cooked, cleaned, cared for the children and manufactured goods in the home. The typical wage-earning woman of 1900 was young and single.
There are many definitions to theory. According to Akers (2009) “theories are tentative answers to the commonly asked questions about events and behavior” (Akers, (2009, p. 1). Theory is a set of interconnect statements that explain how two or more things are related in two casual fashions, based upon a confirmed hypotheses and established multiple times by disconnected groups of researchers.
The argument that the “Tumult of the Metropolis” creates inner barriers between people is justified by Simmel’s social theory study of sociability (paraphrased in Frisby 1989, p.75-77). His reflective view explores the importance of sociability and its ability to transcend ones inner barriers and concerns on modern leisure within a “growing objective culture” (Frisby 1989, p.76). Simmel further suggests that the concerns raised upon the modernised culture derived from two main ideologies of objectification and reification which was dominated by production, exchange and consumption. The domination of these aspects reflects the process of commodification as what was seen as valuable had been reduced to exchangeable prices, therefore meaning that subjectivity and individuality was destroyed.
To discuss work, one must first of all try to define work. Once one starts to think about this definition however, one finds that there are as many definitions of work as there are people. Experts such as sociologists have been trying to reach a definite answer, yet they can never agree between them. Although it is accepted that work is that time which is not leisure, one is then confounded with trying to find a definition for leisure. Stanley Parker reached a compromise by dividing our time in five sections, merging from pure work to pure leisure. However this difficulty in defining work should point out that these many different definitions lead to different attitudes, with the result that one can never generalise.
If we were to take a look around, there is not a doubt that we will at least see one person with a phone in his or her hand. Smart phones, tablets, computers and televisions are a staple in most common households today. As technology becomes smarter, it is noticeable that people are becoming increasingly lazier. According to a survey conducted by the Department of Labor in 2012, watching TV was the leisure activity that occupied the most time, about 2.8 hours a day (“American Time Use Survey Summary”). This means people are spending more time in front of their televisions than they are any other activities in their free time. Technology is the number one thing people turn to, whether it is for entertainment or for functional use. People are relying on technology devices more than they should be.
Many individuals would define leisure as time free from paid work, domestic responsibilities, and just about anything that one would not do as part of their daily routine. Time for leisure and time for work are both two separate spheres. The activities which people choose to do on their spare time benefit their own personal interests as well as their satisfactions. While some people may enjoy one activity, others pay not. Leisure is all about personal interests and what people constitute having a good time is all about. Some may say that the process of working class leisure can be seen to contribute their own subordination as well as the reproduction of capitalist class relations. Self-produced patterns of working class leisure can lead to resistance to such reproduction. This leads to social class relations and inequalities, and the fact that it they can never be completely reproduced in the leisure sphere. This film Home Feeling: Struggle for a Community, gives some examples of the role of leisure within a capitalist society dealing with issues such as class inequalities, and how they are different among various societies.
Stevenson, L. and Haberman D. Ten Theories of Human Nature, Oxford University Press 2009 Pieper J. Leisure The Basis of Culture, Ignatius Press 2009
The purpose of therapeutic recreation is to enable all individuals to achieve quality of life and optimal health through meaningful experiences in recreation and leisure. In this paper the definition of therapeutic recreation will be discussed as well as what should be included in the definition and what should be rejected. This definition will mainly focus on health and use the Health Promotion Model to further explain my choice to focus on health and well-being. I will also be discussing the importance of inclusion in therapeutic recreation for different learning styles in many environments, and the significance of diversity in the community and what we hope to achieve by being fully inclusive.
Lefebvre, Henri. "Work and Leisure in Everyday Life." Everyday Life Reader. Ed. Ben Highmore. Great Britain: Routledge, 2002. 225-36.
The problem of modern leisure has, throughout the years, been a well-discussed topic among many sociologists. Sociability, in this case, is one of the most universal forms of leisure that will be discussed in this essay. The theoretical framework for this discussion is provided by the sociological insights of Georg Simmel (1858-1918) as he argues that the “tumult of the metropolis” (cited in Frisby 1989, p80) creates inner barriers between people and suggests that “sociability” can surpass this problem. According to Frisby (1989), Simmel states that the city life has transformed the struggle with nature for livelihood into a struggle with other human beings for gain. This is further discussed as Frisby (1989) and Giulianotti (2005) describes how sociability can transcend this problem according to Simmel’s sociability theory.
time to engage in leisure activities such as entertainment and food as well as socializing. Consumers
There exists various lifestyles and behaviours, ranging from amount of nutrition intake, mental well-being, to the amount of physical activity engaged individually. Weighing the abundance of factors, this essay primarily aims to focus on the aspect of physical activity in relevance to how it possibly affects one's lifestyle. By cross-referencing to other lifestyles and behaviours, this essay will also demonstrate the importance of physical activity in possibly alleviating the issues raised pertaining to other lifestyles as well. Throughout this essay, there will be frequent references to the socio-ecological framework in examining the aforementioned factors.
As the time passes, the statistics of the engagement of the population participating in outdoor recreation activities has been at a high and low. These fluctuations could cause many problems in the future of outdoor recreation activities around the world. There are three main topics that will be focused on in this paper; what affects the future of outdoor recreation, demographics, and technology. Counties, states, territories, and provinces need to realize, and take into consideration what can affect the future, such as new developments (houses, businesses, and factories), a decrease in natural resources due to lumbering, mining and oil drilling. Technology also has made a major impact on how the world functions on a daily basis. It also plays a major role in outdoor recreation activities. Some forms of technology also hold people back from experiencing outdoor recreation activities, examples are internet, gaming, and television. While many can create a positive influence for example, newer ways to travel outdoors-dirt bikes, and other types of technology that make a negative impact like soil erosion. The final topic that this paper will touch upon is the demographic factor. Governments m...