What is Inflammation of Mouth in Cats?
Chronic ulcerative paradental stomatis (CUPS), also known as gingivostomatitis, and oral ulceration are both severe, painful oral diseases that affect cats. The conditions cause inflammation and painful ulcers to develop on the cat's lips, tongue, back of the throat and gums. The condition occurs when the immune system becomes hypersensitive to the oral plaque and bacteria in the mouth. Though poor dental hygiene can cause the condition to occur, it can occur after a routine dental cleaning that loosens the plaque and bacteria from the teeth.
The condition may evolve into lymphocytic plasmacytic stomatitis (LPS), which causes inflammation of the cat's entire mouth. Himalayans, Somalis and Persians are
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These symptoms include:
Frequent drooling with or without blood
Bad breath (halitosis)
Red gums
Swollen gums (gingivitis)
Inflammation of the fauces in the back of the mouth (faucitis)
Inflammation of the back of the throat (pharyngitis)
Ulcers in the inner cheeks (buccal/buccitis mucosal ulceration)
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Swallowing difficulties
Thick saliva
Plaque on teeth
Pain
Exposed necrotic bone
Tongue scarring
Unkempt coat due to lack of grooming
Pawing at face or mouth
Causes of Inflammation of Mouth in Cats
There are a variety of diseases, viruses and conditions that trigger the strong immune response that causes the mouth inflammation to occur. These causes include:
Hypothyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
Diabetes
Uremic syndrome due to advanced kidney disease
Squamos cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma
Fibrosarcoma
Lack of food resulting in protein-calorie malnutrition
Deficiency of riboflavin
Retrovirus
Feline leukemia virus
Calcivirus
Feline immunodeficiency virus
Periodontal disease
Retrovirus
Herpes virus
Bartonellosis
Consuming chemicals, acids or thallium
Wood or bone fragments in mouth
Malocclusion
Electric cord shock
Foreign
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The cat will be placed under general anesthesia during surgery and will be prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics to prevent infection from occurring. Because the surface of the teeth provides a surface for bacteria to attach, the veterinarian may recommend that cats with chronic ulcerations have their teeth be removed to reduce the immune system's response to the bacteria.
Recovery and Management of Inflammation of Mouth in Cats
The prognosis of cats with CUPS and oral ulceration is guarded as recovery will depend on the successful treatment of the primary condition. The cat will need to follow up with the veterinarian on a regular basis in order to check on the cat's recovery and responsiveness to treatment. Cats who had surgery will need to be on a soft food diet. Preventative treatment will need to occur twice a day in order to prevent bacteria from growing in the mouth and causing the ulcers to form again. Cats will need to have their teeth cleaned regularly by the dentist in addition to at-home care.
References
"Gingivostomatitis"
"Oral Inflammatory and Ulcerative Disease in Small
Periodontal disease is the inflammation of the structures that support the teeth. This disease is the primary loss of teeth in dogs. It is caused by a build-up of dental plaque on the surfaces of the teeth and around the gums. Bacteria can accumulate in the dental plaque and irritate the gum tissue which leads to the infection of the bone that surrounds the teeth. Some effects of the disease include: bad breath, bleeding gums, oral pain, dropping food from mouth while eating and loss of appetite. In severe cases the teeth may become loose and fall out.
According to the American Dental Association, gum disease, also referred to as periodontal disease, occurs when the tissues that support and surround your teeth become infected. Many people are unaware they even have gum disease, because it isn’t a painful disease. Periodontal disease is caused by a film of sticky bacteria called plaque forming on the teeth.
Ishak, AM, KL Dowers, MT Cavanaugh, CC Powell, JR Hawley, SV Radecki, and MR Lappin. "Marbofloxacin for the Treatment of Experimentally Induced Mycoplasma Haemofelis Infection in Cats." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 22 Mar. 2008. Web. 16 Feb. 2014.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a complex and progressive multisystemic hemostatic malfunction effecting canines, felines, humans, and other animals (Hackner). DIC is significantly more common in canines than in felines, but the mortality rate in felines is much higher, 93% versus 50-77% in canines (Bruchim, Hackner). This fatal syndrome is not a specific disease but a secondary complication of an underlying disorder (Bruchim). Marked by excessive intravascular coagulation leading to organ microthrombosis and inadequate organ tissue perfusion, DIC may also paradoxically affect clotting factors and platelet consumption, leading to excessive bleeding (Tilley 372, Nelson 1203). Thrombosis associated with DIC is typically triggered by factors commonly referred to as the Virchow’s triad: stasis, hypercoagulability, and blood vessel wall injury (Bruchim). Therefore, any disease process that precipitates the loss of vascular integrity, hypercoagulability, or capillary stasis can also induce DIC; some common conditions associated with DIC are sepsis, malignancies (especially oyknibart adenocarcinoma, hemangiosarcoma and mammary gland carcinoma), heartworm disease, heat stroke, bacterial infections, pancreatitis, and possibly neoplasms (Bruchim, Hackner, Nelson 1203).
Most animals are susceptible to the development of cancer at some stage of their life. Among all types of cancer, squamous cell carcinoma is one of the skin cancer that commonly affects domestic animals. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is a type of cancer caused by neoplasms arising from the squamous epithelium of an animal regardless of species. However, this essay will only focus on this condition among felines since my chosen species is a white cat called Rosie. There are several forms of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma among felines, which are known as solar keratosis and multicentric squamous cell carcinoma in situ, sometimes known as Bowen’s-like disease, but in this case, Rosie is diagnosed with
Cats infected with the Feline Leukemia Virus are found worldwide, although the rates vary depending on age group and the general lifestyle of the cats. The virus is transmitted in a number of ways. It is commonly spread through body fluids, such as blood or saliva, or other bodily excrements. An infected cat eating or drinking with an uninfected cat could cause transmission, as well as an infected cat sharing a litter box with an uninfected cat. It can also be spread through grooming. Another common means of infection is a bite, especially in cats living primarily outside. The virus can also be spread in utero or through a kitten’s consumption of milk if the mother is infected. Feline Leukemia Virus is more common in kittens and young cats than in any other age group. A healthy cat that is in adulthood stand a much smaller chance of contracting the virus, especially if the cat has already been vaccination against ...
Sherding, Robert G. The Cat Diseases and Clinical Management. 2nd Edition. Vol. 1. 1994. p 30-31, 233.
Today’s domestic house cats sure have changed and traveled far from their old wildcat ancestors across the world. Cats have traveled halfway across the world and now live around the world in various breeds and sizes. Even though they live today in their domesticated form they still retain some of the traits that their ancestors bestowed upon them. The African wildcat is believed to be the ancestor of all domestic cats, and they’re even still alive to this day. Over thousands of years of speciation, domestic house cats came to be from these wildcat ancestors.
Anybody’s house can be filled with prized possessions and expensive furniture, but just think how much more memorable your items are with deep grooves from your household cat in them. From climbing the Christmas tree to marking territory on the grand piano, cats can leave a mess behind and not even mean to A surgical procedure called onychectomy, could solve any pet owners solution to this mess. The only problem with this procedure is that it seems kind of brutal to just do this to your favorite little feline. If a procedure like declawing never existed, many cats would be put into a shelter or even thrown out by their trusted pet owners. Therefore, it is important for critics to learn both sides of the issue before making a full judgment over the subject. Onychectomys
Feline panleukopenia is a very contagious and serious viral disease caused by a parvovirus. It should be kept in mind that almost all cats will be exposed to this at some point in their life. This is because the virus is so highly resistant. It can live up to a year in the environment and can survive freezing as well as disenfectants. (MarvistaVet, 2011). Feline panleukopenia is commonly called feline distemper although there is no relation between the two. (Delbert Carlson & James M. Giffin, 2008) This disease will affect and kill the cells of the cat’s bone marrow, intestinal tract, and the fetus of a pregnant cat. (VetInfo, 2012) This is such a serious disease with such high mortality rates because of how quick acting the virus is. Within in just 24 hours, the virus has already made its way into the bloodstream of the cat, and in 48 hours it’s already infecting the body’s tissues. This means that in a time as short as two to four days, white blood cells are beginning to be lysed and are declining. (VetInfo, 2012)
Declawing solves the issue of torn up furniture and unnecessary scratches. Having a cat declawed puts an end to ruined furniture, torn up carpet, and having the household look a wreck. If that’s a pet owners concern, then they should definitely reconsider even having a cat. A cat's claws can inflict a considerable amount of pain and damage to their owners. Cat scratch disease may also be a result of having a cat declawed. This disease is caused by a bacteria known as Bartonella henselae. Statistics show that About 40% of cats have this bacteria at some point in their cat lives. This bacterial infection shows no signs in a cat. Kittens are also more likely to scratch and bite while they play with their owners. Although, your cat might use your hands or furniture for clawing and scratch, declawing is certainly not the
The veterinarian will need to know all of the symptoms the cat is experiencing and when the symptoms first began. If recent poisoning or trauma occurred, the veterinarian will need to be given details about these incidents. The veterinarian will physically examine the cat, listening to its heart and lungs and taking its blood
Field EA, Allan RB. Review article: oral ulceration--aetiopathogenesis, clinical diagnosis and management in the gastrointestinal clinic. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003;18:949–62. [PubMed]
open mouth breathing, but with the Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus it may occur (Merck Vet
Duodenal ulcers are the most common, occurring on the inside of the upper portion of the small intestine called the duodenum. This results when the acid chyme, a semifluid mass of partially digested food, is expelled by the stomach into the duodenum. This chime is not completely neutralized when entering through the pyloric sphincter, thus producing erosions a...