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Industrial revolution effects on life
Industrial revolution effects on life
Industrial revolution effects on life
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a. life expectancy Life expectancy in many parts of the world has increased since 1800 (Life Expectancy by Age, n.d). To understand these changes we can study the demographic transition, the changes in birth and death rates over extended periods of time. The industrial revolution has significantly improved the conditions of humans and in 20th century death rates declined but the birth rates remained unchanged. In many of today’s developed countries both rates have declined; however, in developing countries, while death rates have declined due the improvements of living conditions, the birth rates are still high which has caused a record high population growth (HAUB & GRIBBLE, 2011).
b. family planning Some of the developing countries
The Industrial Revolution was an era between 1780 and 1850 where new inventions and machinery flourished, replacing human labor with machines in the production and manufacturing of goods. The Cottage Industry helped give rise to the Industrial Revolution with its inventions such as the flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, and spinning mule, all of which were mainly operated by women. This opened new opportunities for women in the working industry but this also introduced working class injustices, gender exploitation, and standard-of-living issues. Women 's experiences in factories reflected the profound social changes of the revolution and continuities with traditional working-class ways of life through their poor working conditions, demoralization, and little reward for their hard work.
The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, transport, and technology had a profound effect in North America. The industrial revolution marked a major turning point in history because it changed every aspect of life in America and the country as a whole. People started replacing ploughs and other tools for machines that could do twice the work. While others moved to large cities and started working in factories and other businesses. Huge industries such as the textile, steel, and coal industry came out and had a profound effect on the industrial revolution but, they would not have been extremely successful if it was not for railroads. The railroads played a vital role in the development and success of other industries. The railroads triggered the biggest leap in transportation in history. Through technological and entrepreneurial innovations and the creation of steam-powered locomotives, the development of trains as public carriers of passengers and freight, brought forth the railroad. The railroad industry changed the nature of production because it became an important energy source that replaced human and animal power. Due to the important role of the railroads, workers became more productive, items were being shipped more quickly, and resources were becoming available to everyone including the working and middle class and not only the wealthy. The railroads became to be known as one of the biggest leaps of transportation in history. This is because it set up the next fifty years of America’s prosperity. The railroads became extremely popular and useful during the 1800’s to millions of people and other large companies. Although there were many indu...
With the start of the Modern Revolution, the overall population and life expectancy of the world has been growing exponentially over the past couple hundred years. Ronald Lee, who is an economic professor at the University of California claimed that in the 1700's, the world had a population of 0.68 billion people and many were only expected to live until their late twenties. More currently in 2000, the population had risen to about 6.07 billion and peoples were expected to live until their late sixties (Text 1). This means roughly since the Modern Revolution started, the population and life expectancy has constantly kept increasing. In the future, it
Today there are more than seven billion people living on Earth (Kuo 23). One billion of these people are on the verge of starvation, and even more have absolutely no access to sanitized water (Kuo 23-24). Some say that this is due to overpopulation. Having more people on earth proves the need for more food, water, housing, medication, and other necessities (Kuo 24). Though most people who read this paper will not encounter these problems, they happen all over the world (Cover 444). The world population has almost doubled since 1965 and is currently growing at a rate of more than 80 million people every year (Ehrlich and Ehrlich 557). This is causing the climate to change and unemployment to increase. The world is slowly depleting its resources, and something needs to be done about it (Cover 444; Kuo 24). It is essential that the world implement global population control policies such as family limitations.
If it weren't for natural disasters, famine, or policies set for limiting birth rate, the present as we know it would be very different. In the beginning of the development of human beings, we probably had a big explosion of a population. Compared to today, it was most likely a narrow population. It is probable that many diseases that we know of today, were not around at that time, so it grew fast enough to keep us from going extinct. Back then, It was very beneficial for us to reproduce, now, on the contrary, it will be why we might go extinct. Due to the world already being considered overpopulated, some policies have been established. According to National Center for Biotechnology Information, between the years of the 1930s and 1970s China had a massive growth of population; specifically, an increase of 500 million people. In 1979 China introduced the One-child-Policy for the reason to keep a stabled economy. As of today, that policy has slowly faded out. This is a big concern to many scientists because it is alarming that the results of the policy are implying that we have insignificant control over overpopulation. Equally important, The Economic and Social Affair stated in the book “World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision”, “by 2100, the world population will reach 11.2 billion.” That being the case, These statistics are agitating and should be concerning everyone.
The population of the world today is 6,112,911,145 and progressively growing. Unfortunately, that figure is expected to double by the year 2050. Four-fifths of this population resides in developing countries of the "South". Because of extreme levels of fertility, mortality, and new migration, these developing countries are accountable for most of the world population growth. There are many reasons that explain why the numbers are increasing, but the main reason is the way of life for many of the people inhabiting these regions. With the combination of an unmet demand for family planning and the desire for a large family, the world's Total Fertility Rate(TFI) is 3.1. This is significantly higher than the average population replacement TFI of 2.1.
It cannot be argued that the growth rate of world population has drastically increased over the years. Whilst reaching the figure of 5 billion has been a challenge to the world, the sixth and seventh billions of people were added to global population in record 12 years time (Haub & Gribble 2011). Moreover, the population is projected to reach 9 billion people in 40 years (C.G.W 2014). Such rapid growth raises an argument of whether it affects world’s economic development, environment and resource availability (Grenham 2012). Though some people state that increases in population may be beneficial for the world’s economy and development in general, it is evident that various challenges associated with overpopulation will arise in the future and some of them can already be seen nowadays.
There is only so much space on Earth, not to mention only so many resources – food, water and energy – that can support a human population. Somewhere on the planet, according to U.S. Census Bureau estimates, the 7 billionth living person came into existence. One of the most contentious issues is the question of whether birthrates in developed countries will remain low. Singapore has been encouraging parenthood for nearly 30 years, with cash of up to $18,000 per
The first stage of the demographic transition model is the pre industrial stage. In this stage birth and death rates are both usually high, which normally leads to almost no population growth within a country. The second stage of the demographic transition model is the Agricultural revolution stage, where one finds a reduction in death rates (DR), but birth rates (BR) remain high. In this stage there is also a population explosion, which is found mainly in underdeveloped and developing countries. Moving on to the third stage known as the industrial revolution stage one sees a drastic change in population. Some of the change is due to advances in medicine and improvements in diet. These changes caused a drop in death rates and birth rates drop. “Human life expectancy in the industrialized countries soared from an average of 35 years in the eighteenth century to 75 years or more at present.” In this stage we find that the birth rates are about the same and death rates are lower. The last stage known as the post industrial period produces zero population growth. The zero population growth is achieved when there is both a halt or decline in both birth rates and death rates. Many countries however do not pass all the way through the demographic transition, but rather have a prolonged period during stage two, where the population explosion is in full effect, this causes for some problems in the countries and populations on a global scale.
Three centuries ago, the United Kingdom was at the forefront of the industrial revolution; soon after, most of Western Europe followed with massive industrialization and exponential population growth. This period marked a paradigm shift in both economic and demographic models. For example, Malthus’s model for population growth was refuted with new trends of sustainable population growth coupled with rapid industrialization. This trend would continue until the late 1900s until the western industrialized countries started to plateau and eventually regress in terms of population growth.
The `Theory of Demographic Transition' embraces the observation that all countries in the world go through different stages in the growth of population. A nation's economy and level of development is directly related to that nation's birth and death rates. Population history can be divided into three main stages, which apply to third world, second world and first world nations. These stages or classifications demonstrate a transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates. The `Theory of Demographic Transition' suggests that all nations begin in stage one as underdeveloped, third world nations and through time transition into first world nations. The theory discusses observations made concerning social problems and their relation to each stage of transition; then attributes them to population. Through this model we can understand the relationship, characteristics, and transition between underdeveloped and developed nations as it relates to population.
The rate of natural increase is equal to the birth rate (b) – death rate (d). Natural rates of population growth can be calculated using birth and death; however the more telling component of population growth is the longevity of a population’s members. People can attribute their longevity to better nutrition, greater access to medical care, improved sanitation, widespread immunization, more education, and more resource availability based on socioeconomic advantages.
population in OECD countries by the end of 2050 (U.N., 2002). This essay argues that in
“Growing advances in technology with each coming year has affected humanity in many ways. One of these has been the ability to save lives and create better medical treatment for all. A direct result of this has been increased lifespan and the growth of the population. In the past fifty or so years, the growth of population has boomed and has turned into overpopulation” (Cook, 1999). New technology can make people live longer than in the past because we can use technology to produce many foods, and we can make advanced machine for medical purpose to better health. For example, in China, most people were starvation because of natural disaster in 1953. A great number of locust ate their grain, and they didn’t have enough water to plant crops, but the Chinese imported new technology to promote output of corps. Also, China had good health since they imported the technology from some developed countries. Therefore, technological advancement is perhaps the biggest reason why overpopulation is continuing to be more and more
At the present development rates, the number of inhabitants in financially created nations would twofold in 120 years. The Third World, with more than seventy-five percent of the world 's relation, would twofold its numbers in around 33 years. This quick multiplying time mirrors the way that 37 percent of the building up world 's population is less than 15 years old and entering their most gainful childbearing years. In the Third World nations barring China, 40 percent of the general population are under 15; in some African nations, about half are in this age