Inductive use of theory in research refers to a data collection in particular topic, and analyze them to develop a theory (from observation to theory). Deductive use of theory in research focuses on testing a theory (theory to observation).
2. Describe the transformative paradigm. How does it relate to notions of advocacy and social justice?
According to the text book, "The transformative worldview holds that research inquiry needs to be intertwined with politics and a political change agenda to confront social oppression at whatever levels it occurs (Mertens, 2010)." The common understanding about the transformative research paradigm are ethical stances of inclusion and challenging oppressive social structure, built trust and make goals and
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It is an objective of the research, which focuses on what you intend to accomplish. The purpose statement of the study would be major component, and direct you to a right direction. Without purpose, you may not be able to research, and accomplish your goal. Problem statement is not an intent of the study, it is about the issues, problems, and challenges that people/society have facing. For example, the purpose of the study can be finding a workable foreign policy regarding international terrorism. However, the problem statement may talk about the terrorism, lack of opportunity, and radicalization of the texts.
5. Describe at least three important factors to consider when framing a research question.
There are different factors that you have to consider while framing a research question. Research question is a key to planning and carrying out a successful research project. Research question should be clear, purposeful, answerable, and coherent. Therefore, researchers should consider the following factors when designing research question.
1. Define your project: researcher should clearly state the concerns that s/he like to
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Discuss why research questions and hypotheses may be considered 'signposts ' for a research study. What information should a reader might a reader be able to infer or imagine based on the question? Why is the 'ladder of specificity ' important?
Research question or hypothesis may be considered signposts for a research study, because it gives you a path to follow throughout the research project. A good research question introduces the reader to the importance of the topic, place the issue into a particular context, and provides the framework for the results. The ladder of specificity is important while planning for your research because it gives you some flexibility to designing a research question. It helps to farming a good research question through different steps.
7. What is a 'framework for research design '? What are the important take-aways from R & M Chapter 4?
A framework of research design deals with aims, purposes, intentions, and plans within the practical constraints of location, time, and resources (72). A framework of research has five components, purpose(s), conceptual framework, research questions, methods, and sampling procedures. R & M Chapter four focuses on framework of research designing, design issues, strategy, and establishing
The importance of methodology is that it can provide the researcher with a vision of where he or she wants to go with the research. The methods, on the other hand, give the researcher the means to turn that vision into
The research question is the first and foremost initial step in the research process, because it defines the expected outcomes and drives the project design. So it should be clear and concise once the research question is formulated, the next is defining the terms and concepts used in the research process. A literature review is needed to clarify issues, gives an understanding to the researcher how others have formulated similar research questions and defines concepts.
A strategy to be able to do the research in a structured manner was set up. This was needed so to be able to view the research question and be able to answer it in a structured manner, for this reason concepts were identified and listed.
The following proposal consists of five parts which summarize our aims and sources for our assessment of research essay:
Based on the preceding ontological and epistemological assumptions a researcher then makes methodological assumptions. Having decided on exactly what is to be studied the researcher then decides how the research can best be managed thus formulating a plan of action. Considerations include whether the research used should be primary or secondary. Whether one will test an existing hypothesis or whether one will construct a theory after having collated evidence. Finally one can draw conclusions as to which strategy to implement with the ultimate goal of producing the type of knowledge that is required. This then results in the type of method or methods of research to be used.
The main purpose of the research design is to serve as a guideline for the entire research.
Students will write an essay on any two of the research designs you studied during the year in this module. You will receive guidance for this assessment in lectures during the term. (1500 words)
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
2. List Research Questions That The Study Was Designed To Answer. If The Author Does Not Explicitly Provide The Questions, Attempt To Infer The Questions From The Answers.
The nature of research instruments, the sampling plan and the type of data the research design constitutes the blueprint for the collection, the measurement and analysis of data. It aids the researcher in the allocation of his limited resources by posing crucial choices.
The framework is the structure that can support or hold the theory of a research study.
Research questions are formulated in a study to inquire about variables, both independent and dependent variables, and the relationship between them. Research questions are categorized into two, that is, qualitative and quantitative research questions. Qualitative questions are used in qualitative research like case studies, surveys and action research where the approach is non-numerical and analyses special phenomena that occur in nature. Quantitative research on the other hand is more of a systematic approach with measurable numerical quantities that go through analysis to prove a hypothesis. Finally, the research hypothesis is either approved or disapproved with regards to the results of the analysis (Laureate Online Education B.V. 2010). Hypotheses differ from research questions in that, they are predictions that researchers come up with about variables and expected relationships between them (Creswell 2008). Hypotheses are mostly used in experimental exercises and are used in making comparison of groups. Hypotheses are basically formulated in two forms; null and directional hypothesis. Null hypotheses predict the lack of relationship between groups. Alternative hypothesis is categorized into two; directional hypothesis which predicts on an expected outcome and non-directional hypotheses which make predictions without specifying differences and relationships due to lack of past information that can be used to predict the differences. The difference between a hypotheses and a research question lies on the fact that a hypothesis is a tentative statement which is more precise/specific and predicts an outcome. A research question is a general statement compared to a hypothesis (eNotes.com, Inc 2011). A hypothesis predicts an outc...
Acquiring knowledge about the research philosophy and philosophical issue is integral to assist the researcher to recognize and make research designs according to the past understanding and experience (Cooper and Schindler, 2006).
There are various approaches, which can be valuable for researchers to utilize when deciding an effective research problem. The failure of a researcher to be precise in the description of the problem statement can have damaging outcomes in the understanding of the research. A theoretical framework refers to a set of interrelated ideas or themes, such as a concept, but not fundamentally worked out. Determining on what comprises a theoretical framework of the study begins with recognizing and creating a good researchable problem.
Use the Study Questions: Helps focus on key issues. Questions afk about structural features, and clarify meaning.