Indonesian Defense Strategy
A. Background
Indonesian President Megawati Sukarnoputri signed a little-publicized deal at the end of April to purchase four Russia fighter jets and two helicopters as part of a much larger potential order. The decision to buy from Russia was a subject to a United States ban on military purchases; this marks a small but significant shift from Indonesia’s current dependence on United States’ military hardware. The Indonesian military is suffering from acute lack of supplies and parts for its heavy amour as well for light equipment. The United States’ imposed embargo on Indonesia since 1999 has rendered the country’s military equipment and apparatus partly redundant, leaving Indonesia, once a military might in the South East Asian region desperately behind its neighbors. The United States Congressional bans were first put in place in 1991 after the infamous Santa Cruz massacre of pro-independence civilian supporters in East Timor. They were further tightened in 1999, following the involvement of the Indonesian armed forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia) in the rampages by pro-Jakarta militia in East Timor.
This is not the first time that Indonesia turns to Russia for military hardware supports, as it matter of fact, history has recorded the rise and fall of Russian armaments in Indonesia as an inseparable part of the rise and fall of bilateral relationship between the two. From late 1950s to early 1960s, Indonesia was mainly dependent on Soviet’s arms. At that time Indonesia was in campaign for the reclaim of West Papua, consequently, it needed a large number of weaponry. But United States were reluctant to sell any to Indonesia, because it did not make any sense if they sell weapons that would be used to fight against Dutch, their own ally. Soviet, on the other hand, was being kind to give arms support that would be paid in long-term and low-interest rate debt. The military equipment received from Soviet, especially for the navy, was so enormous that Indonesia became on of the sea power of Asia. But then, relationships between the two got worsen in late 1960s, and Indonesia was having a hard time in maintaining its military power, particularly to keep up with the advance of military technology.
Now, almost a half-century afterward, military friendship between Indonesia and Russia revived again. In time of need, Indonesia turns again to Russia. As it mater of fact, Indonesia is facing a hard time dealing with United States’ military embargo.
Mingst, K. A. and Arreguin-Toft, I. M. (2011) Essentials of International Relations, 5th edition. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Russian firms and customers admire U.S. technology and know-how, and generally are interested in doing business with U.S. companies. At the same time, there is a tendency in some quarters to suppose that the U.S. is responsible for the changes which have occurred in Russia, especially those which have caused most hardship to individuals and to industry. This sentiment has attracted the support of some political leaders, and in given credence by a significant proportion of the populace. At the same time, a strong U.S. commercial presence is viewed in the Russian Far East as a counterbalance to other regional economic powers.
Materialism is the “Doctrine that every object and event in the world is physical,” (Vaughn 198). Materialism has many theories of mind, two of which are logical behaviorism and the identity theory. Logical behaviorism is the “Idea that mental states are dispositions to behave in particular ways in certain circumstances,” (Vaughn 199). A flaw with behaviorism is it believes that mental states have nothing to do with our feelings, in reality mental states have a feel to them. Additionally, it is at odds with our commonsense intuition that mental states often cause behavior (Vaughn 199). The identity theory is the view “That mental states are identical to physical brain states,” (Vaughn 199). The main claim is that mental states are nothing more than brain states, in other words, the mind is the brain (Vaughn 199). The major flaw with the identity theory is that if it is true, then knowing a person’s brain states would allow for knowledge of their mental states, but it is impossible to explain mental states with brain states (Vaughn 200). The other flaw is the thought that a mind could exist in an alien without it having a brain, then there is no connection between mental states and brain states as there is no brain. (Vaughn 200). Both behaviorism and the identity theory mesh together with the epistemological view of rationalism, that is “Through unaided reason we can come to know what the world is like,”
INTRODUCTION : a brief overview of the current situation regarding the security issue in the Pacific region
There are parents out there that has a child that’s about to enter the adult world and citizens that are paying taxes even though they don’t have a child in school. Would citizens want to pay more taxes for ungrateful and unappreciative students? Would parents want to see their child’s life thrown away because of the wrong crown? Or even seeing their own dream getting thrown away because of the parents? College teaches students responsibly, independence and many more life skills that they need to know in the adult world. They learn to work hard for want they want in life; the easier it comes, the easier it goes. If college is going to be free, most students will not appreciate it as much as if they worked for it for their selves. College should not be a free program that careless and irresponsible students can take advantage of.
Being the first company to provide a carbonated performance enhancing drink, Red Bull opened up a whole new market in the drinks industry. Through well developed and initiated marketing strategies red bull has become much more than a performance enhancing drink – it has now become a life style. Recognisable to most, the blue and silver can with two red bulls about to clash in front of a yellow sun is now an identity recognised in 169 countries (Red Bull, 2016). As the performance enhancing drinks market expands, Red Bull is still able to boast a high majority of market share due to the solid understanding they have of their consumers needs. With clever use of the marketing mix and the four P’s, Red Bull has been able cement their
Good budgeting is a broadly defined process that has political, managerial, planning, communication, and financial dimensions. The following definition recognizes the broad scope of the budget process and provides a base for improvement of the budget process. The budget process consists of activities that encompass the development, implementation, and evaluation of a plan for the provision of services and capital assets. A good budget process is characterized by several essential features. A good budget
Red bull has a supply chain management system to support the supply chain management. Supply chain management in red bull paths inventory and information among business procedures and all over the company. Red bull has a supply chain management system which is responsible for how much inventory they have, records the suppliers’ orders, the delivery date, and the quantity and price of the products. The following outline presents red bull’s supply chain model.
If you are a global company, like Coca-Cola and PepsiCo, or a local manufacturer. They all have to develop new soft drinks, to full-fill the changing or new needs for consumers. This development can be done on brand new markets or on the traditional markets. It is a big challenge for the companies to differentiate their product towards the competition. In the more developed markets it is hard to differentiate your product, because there is a lot more competition. The future of the soft drink industry are in the upcoming countries. These upcoming countries are: China, Brazil, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Venezuela, and Colombia. The current products is the biggest part of the growth in these new markets, but these countries have other lifestyles and that will lead to the obligation to develop new products. The growth of the soft drink industry will be based on staple products, like bottled water and carbonates. In the developed and the new markets is the competition increased, so it is n...
Pepsi is one of the largest carbonated soft drinks (CSD) companies in the world with a huge number of employees all over the world. It is holding a strong posi...
Red bull, at the time being, uses only two forms of the e-commerce model. Red bull is an operating company/ business, that currently sells to either other businesses or to end consumers. For the B2B (business to business), Red bull sells its product(s) to many restaurants and cafes in different megacities in Egypt. As for the B2C (business to consumers), Red bull sells to end consumers via retailers and supermarkets.
A budget is a plan of action set by resources required to implement the plan. Simply, budget plans are put in place to help fix most of the fiscal damages that a company and or an agency would face. A recent study by Walther and Skousen (2009, pg. 10) indicated that, “A budget is a detailed financial plan that quantifies future expectations and actions relative to acquiring and using resources. Budgets don 't guarantee success, but they certainly help to avoid failure”. Although, there is no promise of success, a budget plan tends to predict the spending and can show the fiscal path of an entity. Hence, it also allows room for avoiding excess spending that can cripple a business. In this easy, the New York City-Department of Consumer Affairs’-(NYC, DCA) budget reports will be used as an example to better understand budget practices. This report sets out to give some possible recommendations on how to solve the current budget predicament faced by that the NYC, DCA. Based on the analysis of NYC, DCA’s current budgeting process discussion of the budgeting literature will evaluate the advantages and limitations of the current budgeting process. Suggestions on the implications of the actions will be offered so as to meet the budget requirements.
A budget is a documented statement of business management’s strategies for a specific period conveyed in different financial terms. A budget is able to assist in guiding a business in its operations. Expanding further on that, it can act as a constraint to control the costs of the day-to-day operations of the business. Management must make sure that measures are put in to place to make certain that the business does not stray from the budget and reduce the variance of actual and planned aspects as much as possible. Budgets are important because they act as the basis for evaluating future performance, promote efficiency, deterring waste, motivate employees and serve as early warning systems.
Almost every enterprise, regardless of size, complexity or sector, relies heavily on budgets and budgetary systems to achieve strategic goals and budgets have various roles in an organisation from a management accounting perspective view (Raghunandan M, Ramgulam N & Mohammed K, 2012). Some organisation will use budget with “stretch” to motivate and increase their performance in sales; or by using a more “realistic” budget for planning to increase expected sales. However, most of the companies use the same document for both purposes. Large companies tend to use budgets mostly for control and smaller entrepreneurial companies use them primarily as planning tools (Barrett & Fraser, 1977). Therefore, organisations are able to use budget to control
As the old adage goes, failing to plan is planning to fail. In today’s business world, companies do not have the luxury of not planning or even waiting to plan. In order for companies to remain viable, they must keep a pulse on the their finances. Many companies are able to accomplish this by creating a master budget. The master budget is the aggregation of all lower-level budgets produced by a company 's various functional areas, and also includes budgeted financial statements, cash forecast, and a financing plan (Bragg, n.d). The master budget is the primary financial planning mechanism for an organization and also provides the foundation for a traditional financial control system (Martin, n.d). Simply stated, the master budget is