Introduction
“Homo sapiens”, also called humans are best described as social animals. The accountability of this human behaviour lays with different factors, like culture, civilization, past history, etc. Among these factors, culture is the most significant. In the contemporary society, culture refers to composite reserve of principles, beliefs, knowledge, time concept, relations, etc passed-on from generation to generation, by groups (Roshan Cultural Heritage Institute, 2001). Among the thousands of culture practiced throughout the world, aboriginal culture is one of the richest and oldest culture which is estimated to be 58000 to 75000 years old (Goosen, 2000, p. 72). Different cultures have distinct perceptions to the models of health. This essay spotlights over the aboriginal culture, different models of health and their relevance to the case study of jenny.
Discussion of case study
Being an indigenous lady, jenny is deep rooted into her culture and society. Because of her baby delivery, she moved to urban area which made her vulnerable to variety of anxieties and stress.
British colonisation on Australia
“Terra nullius” was the official fiction, which lead to the invasion of British Empire on Australian mainland. Basically, it means the vacant and unpossessed terrains (Germov, 2009, p. 119). The first British fleet arrived at Botany Bay in 1788. This lead to various issues in the Australian indigenous society i.e. culture clash, indigenous dispossession, etc.
Culture clash
The term “culture clash” implies to the disruption between the people when two or more cultures exist together. Typically, culture clash is the drawback of multicultural society. According to Crisp and Taylor (2009, p.113), different fact...
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Leininger’s theory involving transcultural nursing focuses on several core concepts including generic folk care, nursing care, and holistic health, according to the Leininger Sunrise Model (Black, 2014). All of these notions, branch into further detailed thoughts.
Topic 3: "Outline the social determinants of health in Australia and provide a critical analysis of these determinants. Discuss the current health status comparisons between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians and interventions to remedy these inequalities.”
Applying a suitable model of health to each individual situation will provide the best outcome. This was evident in the case study discussed in the essay. Rodney’s experiences within the medical world ended with a positive and desirable result, but if the appropriate transcultural care was not given, that positive result would have created a negative outcome, which could have been detrimental to Rodney’s future health. This shows the significance that health care workers can have on patient care.
Indigenous communities suffer the worst health in Australia and are most at risk to many illness’s compared to other Australian’s. “The poor health experienced by Indigenous people reflects the disadvantage they experience, as many Indigenous communities do not have access to quality health care and to clean water.” (Reconciliaction Network, p.1) The specific health concerns for Indigenous Australian’s are the higher rate of diabetes, higher mortality rate with cancers, cardiovascular disease is more common, eye conditions, higher risk of smoking which contributes to other health impacts, ear disease w...
According to Australian indigenous website, healthinfoNet, in 2010-2012 life expectancy of indigenous people were 69 years which is 11 years less than the 80 years expected for the non- indigenous men and women. Moreover, the life expectancy for native women was 73 years, during 2010-2012, which is 9.5 years less than the expectation of 83 years for non-Indigenous women. The reason for decreased health can be due to deficiencies in water supply, sanitation and lack of proper medical services.
Richmond, K. and Germov, J., 2009. Sociology of Health Promotion. In: Germov, ed. An Introduction to Health Sociology. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, pp. 476-499.
Secondly, the customary health beliefs of the aboriginal populace are interrelated with numerous characteristics of their customs such as kinship obligations, land policies, and religion (Boulton-Lewis, Pillay, Wilss, & Lewis, 2002). The socio-medical structure of health beliefs, which the aboriginal people...
Transcultural nursing requires us to care for our patients by providing culturally sensitive care over a broad spectrum of patients. The purpose of this post is to describe cultural baggage, ethnocentrism, cultural imposition, prejudice, discrimination, and cultural congruence. I will also give an example of each term to help you understand the terminology related to nursing care. I will definite cultural self-assessment and explain why it is valuable for nurses to understand what their own self-assessment means. Finally, I will describe the five steps to delivering culturally congruent nursing care and how I have applied these concepts in my nursing practice.
Leininger was the first nursing theorist to focus on the fact that different cultures have different caring behaviors and thus require different treatment and coined the term “culturally congruent care.” Leininger’s was a true visionary and her work developed into a movement called Transcultural Nursing. Her revolutionary work embodies the essence of holistic caring in the nursing profession and she changed the paradigm of nursing at a time when society did not celebrate cultural differences to include care that is individualized to the patient. This has influenced my personal philosophy and assisted me to be authentically present, more able to be empathetic, and considerate of my patients in order to create a healing environment, and better outcomes for the
Working with different cultures is inevitable in nursing. As nurses we must be open to the challenges of working with different cultures and finding creative solutions to the health care challenges we may experience when caring for patients that are of a different culture. “Culture is an organized group of learned responses, a system of ready-made solutions to the problems people face that is learned through interactions with others in society” (Seibert, Stridh-Igo, & Zimmerman, 2001, p. 143). When caring for patients of other cultures we must avoid ethnocentrism and focus on providing culturally congruent care which is “care that fits the people’s valued life patterns and set of meanings, which is generated from the people themselves, rather than based on predetermined criteria” (Potter & Perry, 2005, p. 120). To accomplish this we must communicate with our patients and families and have a clear understanding of their expectations. If there is a breakdown in communication then there is the potential for conflict and a poor patient outcome.
Cultural competence can be defined as using the ability of one’s awareness, attitude, knowledge and skill to effectively interact with a patient’s many cultural differences. Madeline Leininger, a pioneer on transcultural nursing describes it this way; “a formal area of study and practice focused on comparative human-care differences and similarities of the beliefs, values and patterned lifeways of cultures to provide culturally congruent, meaningful, and beneficial health care to people” (Barker, 2009, p. 498). The importance of cultural diversity in healthcare allows for the delivery of appropriate cultural autonomy. Showing respect for others will lead to trust between nurse and patient which in turn improves healing and health.
233). She studied anthropology and applied the research findings in nursing. Later, she developed the theory of “culture care diversity and universality” from her personal experience as a nurse and other factors that influenced such as ethnic conflicts, commuting, and technology changes. It is illustrated and described by the Sunrise four-level model, and it is labeled as “an enabler” (Masters, 2014, p. 69). The first level represents a “worldview”, the second level presents “knowledge concerning individuals and groups”, the third level includes “specific features of care in the system”, and the fourth level is “specific nursing care” (Masters, 2014, p. 69; Jarošová, 2014, p. 47). The main purpose of this theory is “to generate knowledge related to the nursing care of people who value their cultural heritage” (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 233). The major concepts in this theory include: culture, culture care, and diversities and similarities and sub-concepts include care and caring, emic view (language expression, perceptions, beliefs, and practice), and etic view (universal language expressions beliefs and practices in regard to certain phenomena) (McEwen & Wills, 2014, p. 233). The base knowledge
Kevin White pp: 5-8k introduction to sociology of health and illness second edition books.goole.co.uk accessed 11-04-2014
Leininger M. & McFarland M.R. (2002). Transcultural nursing: concepts, theories, research, and practice (3rd ed.). New York, New York: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
There are eight reasons that transcultural nursing has become a necessary framework for the care we