Indian Nationalism
Factors Promoting Nationalism
Racial arrogance - on the part of the British created resentment by Indians. They were treated as second-class citizens and were given only the poorest jobs. British in positions of power, such as General Mayo (Viceroy of India) openly made statements of racial superiority.
Educated Indian professionals - felt they were denied equal opportunities within the "machinery" of British rule (such as the Indian Civil Service). They founded a nationalist movement that initially sought equal status for Indians and eventually sought full Indian independence.
Anti-Westernisation - Britain had changed India's traditional institutions with apparently little respect for the existing culture and religion.
British modernisation - probably helped spread the nationalist message. They had improved transport and communications.
Indian Association 1885 - Began as a powerless "talking shop" but turned into the Indian National Congress, where Indians could voice their complaints against the British. Educated politicians used this parliament to rally support for the movement.
Lord Curzon (Viceroy 1898-1905) gave no concessions to the natives. He allowed them no representation and saw them as inferior.
Division of Bengal 1906 - was unpopular because it divided the regional cultures. In India, many people had greater affinity to their region than to the whole country. Splitting Bengal led to a swell of nationalist support.
Factors Restraining Nationalism
India was divided regionally - There was great cultural and religious divide across the regions. There were 200 different languages spoken across India so communication on a large scale was difficult. There were also many religions (including Sikhs, Muslims, and Hindus) who would not co-operate with each other.
Indian Congress was divided - Liberal wing led by Gokhale, and extremist wing led by Tilak.
To many of the English colonists, any land that was granted to them in a charter by the English Crown was theirs’, with no consideration for the natives that had already owned the land. This belittlement of Indians caused great problems for the English later on, for the natives did not care about what the Crown granted the colonists for it was not theirs’ to grant in the first place. The theory of European superiority over the Native Americans caused for any differences in the way the cultures interacted, as well as amazing social unrest between the two cultures.
This caused the Indians to starve because they depended on the British’s gifts to hunt and trade. The British didn’t respect the Indian and disregard their culture and what they follow.
Not only did the inequality and separation of the Indian society frustrate the citizens of India, but the imperialism Britain had upon them as well. In the early 20th century, Indian nationalists wanted to take a stand against the British rule and make India independent. The British created unfair laws that created a nationalist movement in India to regain their freedom. He believed that there should not be a Caste System because of one’s birth.
1 in 3 Americans Adults are currently at risk for developing kidney disease. What is acute renal failure, when your kidneys functions all of a sudden stop working and your kidneys are the body’s filter which remove waste products and help balance water, salts and minerals especially electrolytes in your blood when your kidneys stop working you end up building all the products in your body that need to be filtered and eliminated. The pathophysiology of Acute Renal Failure are due to three main causes Pre-renal, Intra-renal, and Post renal. Pre-renal is a sudden drop in blood pressure or interruption of blood flow to the kidneys from illness or sever injury. Intra-renal is direct damage to the kidneys by inflammation of drugs, infection, toxins or reduced blood supply. Post-renal is a sudden obstruction of urine flow because of enlarged prostate bladder tumor, kidney stones, or injury.
The basic function of a working kidney is to remove toxic waste from the bloodstream, balances body fluids and forms urine. (WebMd, 2013) When the kidney, which is an essential part of the human body fails and blood flow is compromised by electrolyte and acid base abnormalities this is Acute Renal Failure (ARF) also known as Acute Kidney Injury. There are three major causes of acute renal failure. First being Prerenal, which is primarily a severe drop in blood pressure and cessation of blood flowing to the kidneys caused by a traumatic injury or a severe illness. Secondly, another cause is Intrarenal which is the Middle stage of renal Failure, manifested by edema, toxins, drugs and decreased blood supply. Lastly, Postrenal is when the urine flow is compromised due to an enlarged prostate, stones, and/or a bladder tumor. According to the American Family Physician (2000) 60 to 70 percent of cases are prerenal causes.
“The Lord of the Rings is racist. It is soaked in the logic that race determines behavior.” (Ibata 2). Many people have tried to perpetuate the myth that J.R.R. Tolkien was racist. They cite various scenes in The Lord of the Rings, in both the books and in the movies. These people are lying or ignorant. J.R.R. Tolkien was not a racist, nor did he ever intend for his novels to be viewed as such. There is plenty of evidence to defend Tolkien from these claims such as: the themes of his novels, like The Lord of the Rings; the clear messages in his personal writings and his upbringing; and the characters from his novels.
...on the Indian people because they were considered ‘better’ by western civilizations. What makes a person different? All the things mentioned above constitute Indian society. By forcing British ways on Indian people, they essentially stripped them of their identities. The British destroyed the caste system and disrespected Hindu and Muslim religions.
British imperialism on India had many positive and negative affects on both the mother country, Britain and the colony, India. Many people would argue which effects were more prominent in these countries and some would agree that they were equal. But in both cases there were actually both.
"All the leadership had spent their early years in England. They were influenced by British thought, British ideas, that is why our leaders were always telling the British "How can you do these things? They're against your own basic values.". We had no hatred, in fact it was the other way round - it was their values that made us revolt." -Aruna Asaf Ali, a leader of the Indian National Congress. (Masani, quoted in Wood, 32, 1989)
Coming to America, by far was not what I expected. However, after living here for four years, I have learned to adjust to the surroundings. I was not mentally prepared for the culture change that I was exposed to in the beginning but as days turned into months and eventually into years, I realized that I grew accustomed to the culture and eventually became a part of it. I have gotten accustomed to calculating distance by miles and not kilometers, temperatures by Fahrenheit not Celsius, weight by pounds not kilograms. I have also been influenced to see beauty in different content unlike home where thick women are considered beautiful, healthy and happily married unlike here where everyone is trying to lose weight to enhance their beauty and health. However, not even a decade in America can make me forget the extremes I experienced when I first arrived.
The decision to grant independence to India was not the logical culmination of errors in policy, neither was it as a consequence of a mass revolution forcing the British out of India, but rather, the decision was undertaken voluntarily. Patrick French argues that: “The British left India because they lost control over crucial areas of the administration, and lacked the will and the financial or military ability to recover that control”.
Gandhi is motivated by religious means; he believes that everyone is equal in God’s eyes. He gets involved in several movements for equality, and he stresses non-violence very strongly. The Indians are very mad because British rule continues to limit their rights. They are supposed to all get fingerprinted, and their marriage laws are invalid. Gandhi’s followers vow to fight their oppressors to the death, but he discourages them from violence.
India has not been a free independent country for a long time. It had been under British rule from 1858-1947. India finally became independent on August 15, 1947 (Trueman). Many people credit India’s independence to Mahatma Gandhi because of the great role he played in helping India in its freedom struggle. Along with Mahatma Gandhi, Muhammed Jinnah and Jawaharlal Nehru assisted in making India an independent country. Gandhi’s main principle in India’s freedom struggle was based on non violence, which he called satyagraha, which means holding onto the truth, truth force, or soul force (Bondurant). Along with nonviolence Gandhi believe in passive resistance and swaraj or self rule. Gandhi thought that being violent would only get a bad response from the British, however passive resistance pushed the British to do something which would make them look bad To accomplish swaraj or self rule (Bondurant), Gandhi believed India needed 3 vital ingredients. The first thing India needed was to unify Indians with different religions, especially Hindus and Muslims. Second, India needed to remove its...
The Theme of Love is presented by the widow, as she demonstrates a deeper love for her dead husband. She refuses to following the precession with the loose hair, and the beating of the naked breast in front of the crowd. At the beginning of the story, the widow is presented as being devoted. Her actions are described as being overly devoted to her dead husband by the dissatisfaction with the traditional norms of mourning. Petronius writes, “She followed the dead man even to his resting place, and began to watch and weep night and day over the body” (1, paragraph 2) Petronius suggests the widow’s love by her state of mind being lost in her grief, “Even to his resting place”. Another example of the love the widow demonstrates through the story is the sacrifice of her dead husband body to save her new love. The widow reacts to the soldier’s grief, for a crucified man’s body has been taken and he will have to take its place. She shows that even ...
The British invasion formed into a historical development of British colonialism in India. Despite India under the British rule, Mahatma Gandhi played an important role in gaining Independence. He not only changed India but also strongly fought for India's independence, using various strategies. The British Empire ruled as long as they could to reform India both politically and socially.