THE LANDMARK OF INDIAN E-PAYMENT SYSTEM-THE ALL NEW “RUPAY”
Presented by
Ameerul Hasan Siddiqui
Asst. Professor at Matoshri Ushatai Jadhav Institute of Management
Studies & Research Centre, Bhiwandi- India ameerul.hasan@gmail.com Abstract:
The central bank of any country is the main driving force for the implementation and development of the national payment system. The Indian payments systems have undergone a volumetric and qualitative change after globalization. At present the payments in India can be made through paper based instrument ,electronic instrument and other instrument ,with the introduction of card-based payments on POS, ATMS and Kiosks, Electronic Funds Transfers (NEFT and RTGS), Electronic Clearing Service, Mobile and Internet
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The information and communication technology is playing a very important role in progress and advancement in all walk of life , The opening up of the banking sector and they way a bank function has changed in the current decade ,Information and communication technology has provided a very important role in delivering the best services to the bank customers. The introduction of electronic banking has changed the way the customer are moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfortable virtual banking system. These electronic banking channels has enhance the way a customer is availing banking services. This has reflected in increase in numbers of ATM across world and more importantly in India.
Objective and
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This study is based on secondary sources of information such as RBI reports and bulletins ,research papers ,internet, and various books and periodicals.
Evolution of Payment Systems in India
Payment instruments and mechanisms have a very long history in India. The earliest payment instruments were coins, which were either punch-marked or cast in silver and copper.In the Mauryan period, an instrument called adesha was in use,During the Mughal period loan deed were used ,called as dastawez
The most important class of credit Instruments that evolved in India were termed Hundis. Their use was most widespread in the twelfth century, and has continued till today. Paper money, in the modern sense, has its origin in the late 18th century with the note issues of private banks as well as semi-government banks. Amongst the earliest issues were those by the Bank of Hindoostan, the General Bank in Bengal and Behar, and the Bengal Bank.
. In 1881, the Negotiable Instruments Act (NI Act) was enacted, formalising the usage and characteristics of instruments like the cheque, the bill of exchange and promissory
A “Negotiable Instrument” is a commercial paper, which facilitates issue and receipt of consideration, but is not legal tender itself. A Negotiable Instrument is easily transferable from one person to another. These instruments are called ‘negotiable’ due to this easy transferability from one individual to another. Article 3.0 and 4.0 of the United Commercial Code (UCC) governs the Negotiable Instruments Act, in the United States.
Loans are initially started in 20 century. Before the actual term loan comes into the world. There was so many other names of this term that have same function but have different names like borrowed money from any person with some interest but have a different name. Some called its borrowed money where some called loan. And in 20 century its finally turned to loan.
Money can be simply described as any medium of exchange that is that is widely accepted between people; that make it easier to pay for goods and services as well as the repayment of debt (CGPGrey, 2011). But ultimately – all forms of money fall into two main categories items of intrinsic value, and widely accepted forms of tokens that are tradable between people.
The second requirement for negotiable instruments is that the maker or drawer signs them. Third, the instrument must also contain an unconditional promise or order to pay. Fourth, it must also contain a promise or order to pay a fixed amount of money. This means that the value must be fixed and that the debt will be paid with a legal form of money. Fifth, the negotiable instrument cannot require any other undertaking in addition to the payment of money. For example it cannot require the payment of money and the completion of some type of other service. Finally the negotiable instrument must be payable on demand or at a definite time.
Lucas Pacioli was the first to describe a system of debts and credits in accord with journals and ledgers in 1494. These basics came together to be the concoction for what is known as accounting. Since the formal establishment of accounting in 1494, the field has expanded as the demands of the ever-changing economy became greater. The industrial revolution created the first jump in the field forcing the creation of sectors within. Since this first creation of sectors, accounting as a field has been creating more specific sects to accommodate a large variety of areas. The most common and large sects created this far include public and private accounting. Although both sects carry the same basis for their work, the variation between the two lies in their demographic, demands, and decoration.
Money has evolved with the times and is a reflection of the progress of man. Early money was a physical commodity, grain, gold or silver. During the vital stage, more symbolic forms of money such as certificates of deposit, bank notes, checks, letters of credit, bonds and other forms of negotiable securities came into prominence. Social development transformed money into a trust, “In God We Trust' it says on the back of the ten-dollar bill.” (The Ascent of Money, 27)
Another pivotal issue was that of the multichannel integration—call center, branch, ATM, and Internet—which is immensely important for large financial institution like ICBC to attract and retain customers with the promise of “anytime, anywhere” account access. Customers are eager to have the kind of flexibility to use whichever channel is most appropriate at a particular time. Continuing with the same point the, ICBC was also concerned about the relative penetration of the existing as well as new customer base to gain access to the banks new technological proposition.
Over the last ten years people in the United State and around the world have heavily relied more on their debit or credit cards to process transactions of their purchases. In the old days it used to be when you would get your paycheck on Friday and rush to the bank during your break or lunch in order to cash withdraw your funds or deposit them into your account. It used to be where you carry cash to buy groceries, pay bills, and go shopping. Now some people don’t even set foot inside their bank branch because they are paid using direct deposit or the funds are loaded into a debit card provided by their employer. Many employers from around the globe don’t even issue paper check anymore.
Some of the earliest forms of writing were on clay tablets from the Middle East and date back to around 3000 B.C.E. After translation, some of these tablets were found to be records of taxes. Human beings have recorded accounting transactions for the last 5,000 years. Accounting could arguable be the oldest profession for humankind.
(6)In order to ensure safety of company property, the company bank account should be monitored by someone out of the account payable department. However, in this system, there is no such person who could reconcile the account. As a result, it is difficult to measure whether the payment is equal to the value of purchased good. On top of that, treasurers and account payable clerks can hardly be controlled. The owner of this business is recommended to find some trusted and reliable accountants as supervisors of the company bank account. And the company should also design a system which requires the authorised fingerprint for each payment. This can maximize the protection of the company's property.
There are numerous myths about the origins of money. The concept of money is often confused with coinage. Coins are a relatively modern form of money. Their first appearance was probably among the Lydians, in Asia Minor in the 7th century BC. And whether these coins were used as money in the modern sense has also been questioned.
The use of credit and debit cards today are taking a tour in the sense that electronic cash is becoming more admissible as the world makes a switch towar...
A cashless society will further improve the globalisation that characterise our present time. The computerised systems can be used to decrease the quantity of paper trail therefore substituting paper cash with cashless credits or electronic money transfers. However, in a cashless economy, this will change with certain crimes almost eradicated. It will also be faster to generate electronic payments than cash as Near Field Communications (NFC) chips make their way into more payments cards and mobile handsets as well providing protection not applicable to purchases made using cash. This technology is simple with low power wireless link evolved from radio-frequency identification (RFID) tech that can transfer small amounts of data between two devices identifying us and our bank account to a computer. Another benefit of drawing nearer to a cashless society is that other companies are providing pioneering cash-free solutions to the payment related problems we come across. For example, WisePay, a provider of e-payments services, is deploying technologies that ensure parents no longer have to worry about sending their children to school with cash to pay for meals, excursions and other fees that will eliminate the likelihood of being caught short for cash or children misplacing money. The Government also has valuable explanations why they may deem to turn away from cash. Due the main factor of printing and distributing cash, not to mention ensuring the economy is free from forgeries which are all costly endeavours estimating that the cost to society of using cash is between 0.5 and 1.5% of GDP annually. In addition, there are many technological innovations that propose there is a real enthusiasm for an alternative to cash with the upsurge...
In attempting to explain why double entry bookkeeping developed in fourteenth century Italy instead of ancient Greece or Rome, accounting scholar A.C. Littleton describes seven "key ingredients" which led to its creation. Those key ingredients consisting of private property, capital, commerce, credit, writing, money and arithmetic. Most of these did not exist in ancient times. This alone would not lead someone to create a complete and involved accounting system. Writing, for example, is as old as civilization itself, but arithmetic - the systematic manipulation of number symbols - was really not a tool possessed by the ancients. Fairly, the persistent use of roman numerals for financial transactions long after the introduction of Arabic numeration appears to have delayed the earlier creation of double-entry systems. However, the problems encountered by the ancients with record keeping, control and verification of financial transactions was not entirely different than our own today. Governments had strong incentives to keep careful records of receipts and disbursements -for the most part as concerns taxes. In any society where individuals accumulated wealth, there was a desire by the rich to perform audits on the honesty and skill of slaves and employees entrusted with asset management. But the lack of the above-listed antecedent to double entry bookkeeping made the job of an ancient accountant extraordinarily difficult. In societies where nearly all were illiterate, writing materials costly, numeration difficult and money systems inconsistent, a transaction had to be extremely important to justify keeping an accounting record.
Thousands of years ago this information was engraved in rocks, books and other ways, but it was very hard to keep record and access the accounts as the system becomes complex. Before, people had to look for financial records in rooms or places where they stored this information, it was time consuming and not efficient. (Bellis, 2013)