Increasing Bandwidth with Dense Wave Division Multiplexing DWDM
Bandwidth is the capacity for carrying digital information. In the past few years, bandwidth has been increasing at roughly twice the rate of computing power. Data traffic has been doubling every 100 days (according to the U.S. Department of Commerce) and it is predicted that that Internet traffic will reach 16 million terabytes by 2003. Fiber is the transport medium of choice. It out performs copper, coaxial cable, and high frequency radio in data-carrying ability. As service needs increase, fiber exhaust becomes a problem. In some areas it is not economically feasible to lay new fiber. In these areas, it is important to look at alternatives to provide economical solutions. One of the biggest areas of concentration is how to increase the amount of bandwidth available.
The bandwidth of an optical network is principally determined by how fast the light can travel through the glass as well as how much light the fiber can have capacity for at any given nanosecond. Although higher transmission speeds are trying to be achieved, the speed of light is constant. Furthermore, the fiber increases in efficiency as the diameter decreases. This makes efforts to increase bandwidth focus largely on how to push more data through the same fiber cable at any given time.
Multiplexing, by definition, is the process where multiple channels are combined for transmission over a common transmission path. In the early 1990s, fiber could only carry one wavelength, or color, of light at a time. Lasers were used by quickly turning them on and off. By the mid 1990s wave division multiplexing could split the light into two colors. The number of colors rapidly grew and today ...
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...ll-optical network, we are provided with the ability to integrate the many different technologies into one system. The DWDM network enables the service providers to go long distances as well as provide for data lines and other growth in metropolitan area. There are more ways to multiplex than are discussed in this paper and different combinations can be used.
Bibliography:
References Used:
All are Internet URL sites
1) http://telecom.tbi.net/mux1.htm
2) http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cie/techlists/patents/4926423.htm
3) http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/talks/h_5opt.htm
4) http://www.techguide.com/comm/dwave.shtml
5) ftp://ftp.netlab.ohio-state.edu/pub/jain/courses/cis788-99/h_aipwd6.pdf
6) http://www.iec.org/tutorials/dwdm/topic08.htm
7) http://www.ert.rwth-aachen.de/Projekte/Theo/OFDM/node6.html
fiber-optic cables that run from a major city to another major city. So if you
Enclosed is a rough high-level conceptual view of the communication channels. This is very preliminary as we don't what suitable devices we can use for multiplexers, demux, and converters. The idea is to design a full-duplex serial com link between point A and B. The bandwidth is limited in the copper wiring (telephone line) probably would not go any higher than 115 kbps using a modem a constraint distance of 5 miles.
Multiplexing will gather the data from the source host and give that data some header information. This data will be created into segments by demultiplexing and then be sent to the 3rd layer (Network layer). So to summarize multiplexing will gather data and give it header information and demultiplexing will create segments and sent them to the network layer. Now with flow control that will relate with multiplexing, mainly because it can take multiple data streams and combine them into one shared stream, making that a form of data flow control. Now as far as error checking that will relate to the frames of the data. The logical link control will use a frame check sequence (FCS) to check the frame to see if there is any problems with it. If it detects an error during the frame check sequence then the frame will be discarded and the data will be passed on to the network layer. With this all being said this will mainly be used in the OSI model since the logical link control is the sub-layer for the data link layer. (The other sub layer being MAC) Without the logical link control or 802.2 then the data link layer wouldn’t function
COMP09022 Network Design BSc COMPUTER NETWORKING COMP09022 ICMPv6 Prepared by B00270675 13-03- 2015 WORD COUNT (0000) TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE……………………………………………... 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………….. 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE REPORT……………………. 3 TABLE OF FEATURES.......................................................4
After compression, the structure data, audio and video must be multiplexed. A number of compressed TV signals are combined by a multiplexer and put unto a shared transition medium. This is done by one of the two possible kinds of multiplexers that result in either a transport or a program stream, which is suited for secure transmission paths since it can contain large amounts of information. In addition multiplexing can be done using various methods. Time division multiplexing allocates a distinct time interval for each channel in a set; with the help of synchronization and a fixed interval order the channels take turns using the common line.
Like a lot inventions in the past two centuries, modern fibre optic cable was created for military uses. The manager for Copper Cable and Wire at the US Army Signal Corps was getting more displeased with the amount of signal loss that was due to copper cable.
All forms of commerce will benefit from fibre optic connectivity as it will lower the cost of communication, which is a vital part of any business. New opportunity for the growth of the data market will emerge as cheaper bandwidth should translate to more users.
A parallel link transmits several streams of data (representing particular bits of a stream of bytes) along multiple channels (wires, printed circuit tracks, optical fibres, etc.).
Fiber optic technology has opened the door to many more communication opportunities for the world today. It provides higher fidelity long distance telephone conversations, as well as secure communication systems. Today, more than 90% of the United States long-distance traffic is already carried over optical fiber; more than 15 million miles have been installed, virtually all of it using the original design.
Ethernet is a household of processor interacting machineries for local area networks. Ethernet was brought to light in 1980 and consistent in 1983 as IEEE 802.3. Ethernet has basically substituted rival online local area network machineries such as token ring, FDDI, and ARCNET. The Ethernet ethics include some cabling and beckoning alternates of the OSI physical layer in use with Ethernet. The unique 10BASE5 Ethernet recycled coaxial cable as a collective medium. Well along the coaxial cables remained exchanged with twisted pair and fiber optic contacts in combination with hubs or switches. Figures rates stood sporadically increased from the innovative 10 megabits per second to 100 gigabits per second. Structures talking across Ethernet split a brook of info into smaller parts called frames. Each frame held basis and endpoint discourses and error-checking information so that dented data can be perceived and re-transferred. As per the OSI model Ethernet delivers amenities up to and counting the info connection layer. Meanwhile its profitable announcement, Ethernet has booked a great grade. Landscapes such as the 48-bit MAC statement and Ethernet frame arrangement have prejudiced other interacting protocols.
This report will describe the two forms of data communications in terms of the physical interfaces and modes of operation. It will describe the features of data communications equipment in relation to synchronous and asynchronous communication including modems, network terminating units and sending and receiving equipment.
Over time the different means of receiving the internet have changed several years ago, a phone line would proved a slow connection to the internet, but would not be useful when storing and...
Fiber optics is a new technology that uses rays of light instead of electricity to transmit information over optical fibers at very high speeds. The optical fibers are usually thin strands of glass that are combined into cables and used to send information and computer data in the form of pulses of light. The optical fibers provide much clearer transmission than conventional copper cable and satellite links. The world market for optical fiber continues to grow rapidly, with shipments increasing 14 percent from an estimated 7.0 million kilometers of fiber in 1990 to approximately 8.0 million in 1991. The demand for multimode fiber is predicted to continue to expand through the mid-1990s, with some market analysts indicating that 15 to 20 percent annual growth over the next three years is reasonable. Strong demand is expected for singlemode and multimode fiber to be used in cables for local area networks, telecommunications, cable television (CATV), and transoceanic fiber-optic systems.
Assigning the precise amount of network capacity in the right place at the right time is no simple task. Network Planners cannot afford to overbuild, as this would consume scarce investment resources that could be better used elsewhere. They also cannot delay expansion as this may result in poor service to customers and under-utilize other network assets. A balanced approach is needed in order to meet the rapidly growing and changing traffic demands. Advanced network planning and design software provides benefit to network planners in the following ways: