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Income inequality abstract
Disparity between the rich and the poor
Problems of income inequality
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There are many problems that face Third World nations. Income inequality affects all nations in the world. It affects some countries more than others though. Income inequality is a major problem in the Third World. In the Third World, the top 1% of people earns 15 % of the income, and the top 5% earn 40% of the income. However the poorest 20% earn only 1% of the global income. This creates a world of haves and have nots. This affects many aspects of society in a county. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, income inequity is a serious issue. One social service that is affected greatly is education. Areas that are poorer do not get the same level of education as areas that are richer receive. This inequality in education is caused by the unequal distribution of wealth that is in Iran because of the unequal distribution of oil revenues throughout Iran.
In order to understand income inequality in Iran, one must first look at the basic economic facts of Iran. Iran has a population 77,176,930 people. 70% of its citizens live in urban areas such as Tehran, Mashhad, and Tibriz while 30% live in the rural areas. Urban and rural populations will come up later in the analysis of inequality in Iran. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for Iran in2012 was $548.590 billion. That ranked Iran 21st in the world. The per capita income for each head of household in Iran in 2012 was $7,207, which was 76th in the world. The Human Development Index (HDI) for Iran for in 2013 is 0.742, which is 76th in the world. That is in the middle range of countries for the HDI; below most developed nations but high for Third World nation. Iran is a semi-industrialized nation with some manufacturing industries and a heavy reliance on oil revenues f...
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...r, “The Roots of Iran’s Inflation”
Susman, “Income Inequality and Poverty in Iran.”
United States Government Accountability Office,“US and International Sanctions Have Adversely Affected the Iranian Economy” http://www.gao.gov/assets/660/652314.pdf (Viewed December 1, 2013, 8:45 EST)
Raghfar, “The Roots of Iran’s Inflation”
Susman, “Income Inequality and Poverty in Iran.”
Children of Heaven, (Tehran, Iran. 1997).
Susman, “Income Inequality and Poverty in Iran.”
Raghfar, “The Roots of Iran’s Inflation”
Susman, “Income Inequality and Poverty in Iran.”
The Jar, (Hormozgan, Iran. 1995).
Children of Heaven, (Tehran, Iran. 1997).
Raghfar, “The Roots of Iran’s Inflation”
Raghfar, “The Roots of Iran’s Inflation”
United States Government Accountability Office, “US and International Sanctions Have Adversely Affected the Iranian Economy”
Moore, Matthew, “Arming the embargoed: a supply-side understanding of arms embargo violations”, Journal of Conflict Resolution (2010) 54 pp. 593-615
Between the years of 1983 and 1986, the United States was involved in a series of covert operations, collectively known as the Iran-Contra Affair. These operations were at best controversial, and at worst blatantly illegal.The Iran-Contra Affair (or the Iran Contra-Scandal) revolved around the issue of foreign policy, specifically with regards to Iran and Nicaragua. In 1979, revolution in Iran resulted in a complete change in the countries relationship with the United States. Having previously been an ally of the U.S., Iran, under its new regime, had become decidedly anti-American. These changes caused a time period of unrest that lasted into the mid 1980’s between the U.S. and Iran. Stabilizing the situation in Iran was one of the key objectives that motivated many of the authorities who were ultimately responsible for the Iran-Contra Affair. In 1985, seven hostages were taken by a terrorist group in Lebanon. This terrorist group had ties with Iran. Therefore, when Iran requested that the United States sell arms to them, President Reagan saw it as a potential way of getting the hostages returned. President Reagan wanted to see them returned safely, and hoped to restore good relations between the U.S. and Iran in the process. Many members of Congress were strongly against the idea. To go through with the arms deal was in direct violation of several laws, including policies against selling arms to entities on lists of terrorists countries, or terrorist-friendly countries, (Iran was included on such lists). Additionally, in negotiating with Iran, the Reagan administration would be dealing with known “terrorists,” something Reagan was openly very against. Nevertheless, the Reagan administration granted the Iranian’s request, in spit...
The Iran-Contra Affair involved the United States, Iran, and Lebanon. The affair coincided with the Iranian hostage crisis, which promoted the United States’ actions in sending weapons to Iran. The Reagan administration decided to trade arms for hostages in hopes of successfully retrieving American hostages from Iran. Iran was at the time under the power of Ayatollah Khomeini, who had put his full support behind the hostage crisis and believed there was nothing that the United States could do to Iran. America’s only chance of rescuing the hostages was to put their support behind Iran in the Iran-Iraq War, which involved the shipment of weapons to Iran f...
The Carter Administration’s misguided relations and interactions with the Iranian government, especially the Shah, prior to the Iranian Hostage Crisis made evident the impending nature of the hostage crisis. During the period of time during which the Shah was in power in Iran, the United States maintained strong relations with the Iranian government and the Shah, however by supporting the Shah, they supported the crimes he committed against the Iranian people. The United States’ support of the Shah is evident by the photograph in Figure 1 in which President Jimmy Carter and the Shah are shaking hands to display the strong relations between the United States and Iran. At this state dinner, Carter, in his speech, praised Iran by stating that the country was an “island of stability” that was
Thesis Statement: I want to show Iran’s dramatic change of regimes and the way its people were treated starting with Pahlavi’s authoritarian rule. I also want to discuss the turbulant realtionship bewteen Iran and the United States, and how this all makes the Iran Hostage Crisis.
Income inequality not only harms us fiscally, but also affects our mental and physical wellbeing; therefore, it is important to identify the right ways to control wealth distribution among people.
Pollack, Ken & Takeyh, Roon. " Doubling Down on Iran." Washington Quarterly. 34. no. 4 (Fall 2011).
In the 1970’s Iran, under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was a very centralized military state that maintained a close relationship with the USA. The Shah was notoriously out of touch with working class Iranians as he implemented many controversial economic policies against small business owners that he suspected involved profiteering. Also unrestricted economic expansions in Iran lead to huge government expenditure that became a serious problem when oil prices dropped in the mid 1970’s. This caused many huge government construction projects to halt and the economy to stall after many years of massive profit. Following this was high rates of inflation that affected Iranians buying power and living standards. (Afary, 2012) Under the Shah, political participation was not widely available for all Iranians and it was common for political opposition to be met with harassment, illegal detention, and even torture. These measures were implemented by the Iranian secret police knows as ‘SAVAK’. This totalitarian regime combined with the increasing modernisation of the country paved the way for revolution.
Maghen, Z. (2009, January). Eradicating the "Little Satan": Why Iran Should Be Taken at Its
The late 20th century was a very turbulent time in American history. In 1976, Jimmy Carter was elected to the presidency, and he had many goals to help better America. However, on November 4th, 1979, a group of radical students seized the United States’ embassy in Tehran, Iran. This completely altered the course of American history and relations with the Middle East. This crisis had many impacts on the United States. It caused the Energy Crisis which in turn caused the Recession of 1979. The Iran Hostage Crisis also had political consequences for President Carter. It was a major factor that contributed to him losing the election of 1980 to Ronald Reagan. Additionally, this crisis led to many instances of racial discrimination toward Iranian-Americans and Iranian immigrants. Even after the Hostage Crisis was resolved, the bad blood between the two countries continued; the United States helped Iraq in the war against Iran, and the Iranians backed a second hostage situation in Lebanon. The Iran Hostage Crisis was a very important event that impacted America in many ways and destroyed our relationship with Iran. The consequences of this event are still felt today and continue to our foreign policies toward Iran.
Inequality today is one of the most significant problems that America faces. According to Inequality.org in 2015 Household income of the top 0.1% of the population gained $6,747,439 while bottom 90% of the population got $34,074 (Inequality.org). The gap between incomes only continues to grow every year, which requires a change in social and economic policies of the country. However, it should be remembered that economic indicators can tell about working conditions, living conditions, nutrition, education of representatives of various groups of the population, but they can not show a picture of the realizability and opportunities to be successful in life for different groups of the population. That is why at the end
Kimberly Ann Elliott, Institute for International Economics, "Evidence on the Costs and Benefits of Economic Sanctions," Statement before the Subcommittee on Trade of the House Ways and Means Committee, October 23, 1997. The text of her statement can be found at http://www.iie.com/sanctns.htm.
In today's recent national affairs, one of the most important topics that come up is the government shutdown of 2013. This political and financial crisis has crucially affected millions of American citizens all over the country in countless ways. When it comes to discussion about the government shutdown, most people will agree that the main reason for the shutdown would be because the government failed to pass legislation for appropriating funds for the economic fiscal New Year for 2014. Where this agreement ends is on the question of how much damage the government shutdown had on different concepts of international government. Government spending and different policies also played a major role in causing this political and economic crisis. The negative effects of the shutdown have affected the jobs and lives of many hard working Americans. This caused a number of important health programs important to public safety such as infectious disease surveillance, inspections of food and drug manufactures and monitoring of imported food and drugs.1 This affected many American citizens because it causes the food they eat to possibly infected with disease which can cause sickness or even death and it also caused health and human services to let go 52 percent of its staff during the shutdown.2 It also caused many employees to be laid off at a peak of 850,000 people.3 This unfortunate economic crisis caused various negative effects on the lives of Americans all over the nation. It also negatively impacted the lives of Americans by bringing programs to a halt that they relied on to get by.
The Revolution in Iran has had far reaching consequences in the Middle East and affects the political and cultural world as a whole. The war on terror has become a major component of the military efforts of the United States. The westernization of Iran and the large presence of American advisors during the reign of the Shah caused a religious backlash that changed the face of the government of Iran. It essentially became a religious dictatorship that opposed all things American. The Revolution that changed Iran was a direct response to the economic, political, cultural and religious values that occurred under the Shah that stood as an affront to the Shiite Islamic religion.
Iran was a country ruled by the Shah (King), who began his rule in the beginning of the 1950’s. He would help Iran greatly improve conditions. He began to improve relations with the United States securing oil deposits throughout Iran with American companies. However, the shah slowly became more and more dependent on the United States. He began asking the United States for advice on almost every decision he made. Although no such reports were printed in the United States (to my knowledge) there are sources, which lived in Iran and experienced a...