Since the mid-1900s, the United States (U.S.) has experienced ten noteworthy recessions (BLS, 2012). The recession in the most-recent memory has been coined the Great Recession, and it officially lasted from the end of 2007 through the middle of 2009 (BLS, 2012; Economic Policy Institute, n.d.). Keynesian supporters promote government intervention when economic conditions weaken in order to reestablish consumer confidence, encourage spending, and promote economic growth (Gaber, Gruevski, & Gaber, 2013). At large, at the various levels of government within the U.S., Keynesian economics are utilized in response to economic declines (Gaber et al., 2013).
Fiscal policies aimed at economic expansion can come at a great cost to taxpayers, but a lack of response may as well. In an effort to establish the effectiveness of fiscal policies implemented following the Great Recession, the long-term economic impacts of such policies have been evaluated. This paper provides the framework for establishing the appropriate fiscal policy response to economic recessions in the future. The remainder of the paper is structured as follows. Background information relative to the Great Recession will be followed by a reflection on the pertinent extant literature evaluating fiscal policy measure success. Once an understanding of the issues to be evaluated is known, the problem, purpose, and significance of the study will be discussed. Finally, a detailed discussion on the approach to, and findings of, the study is included.
Generally, a recession is an economic decline or a decrease in activity in the economy (BLS, 2012). The recession at the forefront of Americans’ minds is the Great Recession which has been noted to be the lengthiest “since ...
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...529. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/docview/347581655?accountid=28180 Ojede, A., & Yamarik, S. (2012). Tax policy and state economic growth: The long-run and short-run of it. Economic Letters, 116(2), 161-165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2012.02.023 Pollock, A. J. (2011). Boom and bust: Financial cycles and human prosperity. Washington, DC: AEI Press.
Recovery.gov. (n.d.). The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Retrieved from http://www.recovery.gov/arra/Pages/default.aspx
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). (n.d.). Local area unemployment statistics: Current unemployment rates for states and historical highs/lows. Retrieved April 20, 2014, from http://www.bls.gov/web/laus/lauhsthl.htm
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). (2012). The recession of 2007–2009. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/spotlight/2012/recession/
By definition, an economic depression is a “sustained, long-term downturn in economic activity in one or more economies.” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_depression) The latter, is far worse then a recession. A recession is merely an economic slowdown, which was experienced by most Atlantic Provinces in the late 19th century.
As an illustration, Michael Grabell speaks about signs of recession in March 2009; and how the recession consumed many states across the United States in the fall of 2008. Employment rates were decreasing, Unemployment rates were off the charts and there were many house foreclosures. Furthermore, in Krugman’s Economics for AP* it goes more into depth about the signs of recessions and house foreclosures which can be seen in Module 2. Here, it talks about the many signs of recessions-- inflation, deflation and labor force, which is the total amount of people that are employed and unemployed. In addition to, which they are vigorously looking for work but are not currently employed. Moreover, a few modules ahead Krugman’s textbook also talks about what some individuals did to survive the recession. For instance, Home foreclosures caused tax revenues to plummet. Not to mention, how at the same time more people sought Medicaid and food stamps to survive the recession.
These conditions have the ability to cause recession. Now that an armistice has been reached in Korea, a recession is beginning to occur (Pach and Richardson, 54). I believe that the President’s chief concern should not be to make an immediate and fast acting restoration of the general economy. The problems of the federal deficit and the recession must wait until the more important problems are dealt with. The problem at hand is the rising rate of unemployment.
Business Source Premier. Web. 19 Jan. 2014. Stokey, Nancy L., and Sergio Rebelo. "Growth Effects Of Flat-Rate Taxes." Journal Of Political
Since being founded, America became a capitalist society. Being a capitalist society obtains luxurious benefits and rather harsh consequences if gone bad. In a capitalist society people must buy products and spend money to keep the economy balanced, but once those people stop spending money, the economy goes off balance and the nation enters a recession. Once a recession drastically takes a downturn, the nation enters what is known as a depression. In 2008 America entered a recession and its consequences were severe enough for some people, such as President Barack Obama, to compare the recent crisis to the world’s darkest economic depression in history, the Great Depression. Although the Great Depression and the Great Recession of 2008 hold similarities and differences between the stock market and government spending, political issues, lifestyle changes, and wealth distribution, the Great Depression proved far more detrimental consequences than the Recession.
Gustman, A. L., Steinmeier, T. L., & Tabatabai, N. (2012). How Did The Recession Of
"How the Government Measures Unemployment." U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, n.d. Web. 04 July 2017.
Every few years, countries experience an economic decline which is commonly referred to as a recession. In recent years the U.S. has been faced with overcoming the most devastating global economic hardships since the Great Depression. This period “a period of declining GDP, accompanied by lower real income and higher unemployment” has been referred to as the Great Recession (McConnell, 2012 p.G-30). This paper will cover the issues which led to the recession, discuss the strategies taken by the Government and Federal Reserve to alleviate the crisis, and look at the future outlook of the U.S. economy. By examining the nation’s economic struggles during this time period (2007-2009), it will conclude that the current macroeconomic situation deals with unemployment, which is a direct result of the recession.
Looking back to the Carter and Reagan Administration’s, you can begin to see where the Recession originated from. Prior to the Reagan administration, the United States economy experienced a decade of rising unemployment and inflation. Political pressure favored stimulus resulting in an expansion of the money supply. Reagan wanted to increase defense spending while lowering taxes, Reagan's approach was a departure from his immediate predecessors. Reagan enacted lower marginal tax rates in combination with simplified income tax codes and continued deregulation. During Reagan's presidency the annual deficits averaged 4.2% of GDP after inheriting an annual deficit of 2.7% of GDP in 1980 under President Carter. The real
In 2001, after the longest period of economic expansion the country has witnessed historically, the United States of America entered into its tenth recession since the end of World War II. A recession transpires when at least two quarters of a year are plagued by a sharp downturn of the country’s gross domestic product or GDP. More specifically, when a recession occurs, unemployment increases resulting in less consumer spending which is associated with poor business performances. Studies by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) concluded that during March of that year, a pinnacle in business occurrences declared the end of the expansion and the arrival of an inevitable and damaging though short recession. In a state of urgency, the president at the time, George Bush, encouraged Congress to ratify a stimulus package plan which would seek to improve the standing of the economy. The NBER theorized that the infamous act of terrorism which took place on September 11th placed an even greater strain on the already damaged financial system because it wreaked havoc on many markets and businesses such as the airline industry. Many times, a recession occurs due to economic disasters that are enough of an impact on society to disrupt expenditures of large-scale businesses and individual citizen households. Consequently, aggregate demand decreases along with employment. Factors such as international conflicts, technological fluctuations and the endeavors of monetary legislators all contribute to the overall American economic status.
I believe that it's’ important to use our constitution as a guiding tool to help appoint the correct people for the job.John Maynard Keynes was a British economist where he fundamentally changed the theory and practices of macroeconomics and economic policies of government. Although he was revolutionary most of his policies were controversial and used Keynesianism economic to get people to stay away from them . His approach to macroeconomic management was different since the previous traditional laissez-faire economists believed that an economy would automatically correct its imbalances and move toward a state of equilibrium, They expected the dynamics of supply and demand to help the economy adjust to recession and inflation without government action. Laissez-faire economics thus regarded layoffs, bankruptcies and downturns in the economy not as something to be avoided but as elements of a natural process that would eventually improve. However that was not the case for the great depression. Keynes also believed that a given level of demand in an economy would produce employment however he insisted that low employment during the depression resulted from inadequate
middle of paper ... ... It is evident that although we may be entering into a recession on different terms than the one before, the United States is still in danger of once again becoming a victim of another Great Depression. The Great Depression is a time in the history of the United States that people have learned and gained knowledge from. Its harsh times and conflicts have been written about in books, seen in movies, talked about on radios, and told to families throughout the generations.
Regardless, in regards to applying Keynesian economic policies toward the Great Depression, Former Federal Reserve Governor Ben S. Bernanke said “You 're right, we did it. We 're very sorry. … we won 't do it again” (Federal Reserve Board, 2002). Other economic theory must be developed to address some of the shortcomings of the Keynesian economic
In economics, a recession occurs when there is a slowdown in the spending of goods and services in the market. A recession causes a drop in employment, GDP growth, investment, as well as societal well-being. All recessions are caused by a specific cause, but the Great Recession of 2007-2009 was caused by a crash in the housing market. This crash was triggered by a steep decline in housing prices. All of a sudden, people bought houses because there was an excessive amount of money in the economy and they thought the price of houses would only increase. (Amadeo, 2012). There was a financial frenzy as the growing desire for homes expanded. People held a lot of faith in the economy and began spending irrationally on houses that they couldn’t afford. This led to overvalued estate and unsustainable mortgage debt. (McConnell, Brue, Flynn, 2012).
After analyzing the data and the theory, we have provided our conclusion weather tax cut is better for the stimulation of growth or Government spending is? This report explains the big macroeconomic debates of the present times. It seeks to explore the debate within fiscal policy itself between tax cuts and government spending. We have tried to explain the argument through some theories and through some data collected from Indian econ...