Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
In vitro fertilization thesis
In vitro fertilization thesis
pros and cons of in vitro fertilization
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: In vitro fertilization thesis
In my opinion, In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is one of the greatest breakthroughs in Medical Biotechnology in the last 50 years. Finding out you are infertile can be heart-breaking and distressing. After trying for long periods of time, some couples are not able to conceive. Thankfully, this problem many couples have can be fixed by In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), a process that was developed and used in Britain first more than 30 years ago by Doctors Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards. In 1978, the world’s first IVF baby was born into the world and since thousands and thousands of babies have been born every year using this method.
IVF is a popular treatment for many couples worldwide who are experiencing problems or are infertile as it gives them the chance to become pregnant themselves. But yet, there are many ethical and legal issues associated with IVF treatment especially in the Catholic Church regarding the meaning of a human life alive or unborn, the rights of an individual, scientific experiment while using potential human life and its cost.
In Vitro Fertilisation literally means ‘fertilisation in glass’. The process of IVF comprises of mixing the woman’s egg and the man’s sperm outside of the woman’s body, normally in a petri dish. If fertilisation is successful, the embryos that were formed in the petri dish are now transferred to the woman’s uterus to better chances of pregnancy. Louise Joy Brown, became the world first successful “test-tube” Baby born in July 1978. She was born in the United Kingdom by IVF treatment carried out by Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards.
Retrieved: (IVF Description. Studymode.2011)
The Procedure of IVF involves several stages:
1. Ovarian Stimulation
2. Egg Retrieval
3. Fertilization
4. Em...
... middle of paper ...
... miscarriage as conceiving naturally but woman who receive frozen eggs during IVF treatment have a higher chance of miscarriage than conceiving naturally.
When more than one implant is successful, there is the risk of mult-foetal pregnancy. This may sound to be good news to the mothers but unfortunately the occurrence of more than one embryo can increase danger levels to the mother’s health and the embryos. This most common is premature babies being born, this results in the risk to the babies where difficulties can happen after birth or the babies can be too early to live.
Another risk is an ectopic pregnancy; these aren’t as common but occur in every 1 in 50 pregnant mothers. It occurs when the fertilised egg implants outside the uterine cavity. This unfortunately needs immediate destruction of the foetus.
Retrieved: (In Vitro Fertilization .How Stuff Works.2011)
My mother had struggled to get pregnant for years, and at age thirty-two, she knew her time was running out. She spoke to her doctor who had recommended that if she wanted to have children, she should consider In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). She decided to follow through, as that was her only hope if she wanted to bring another generation to the Stang name. In Vitro Fertilization is a series of procedures treating fertility complications that also aids with conception of children, for this to happen, mature eggs are retrieved from your ovaries and manually fertilized by sperm in a lab. The procedure was successful and her Obstetrician (OB) was able to tell her she was having one healthy baby, and she is to be seen again soon. A few weeks later
“IVF Patient Numbers and Success Rates Continue to Rise." Human Fertlisation & Embryology Authority. Dec. 2007. .
family and considering embryo reproduction. New medical and science technology in the embryo industry across the nation provide opportunities for childless couples to utilize technology advancements to assist with reproduction but with religion, moral and legal considerations when selecting this extra-ordinary process in today's society. All four sources function with detailed information regarding embryo reproduction and the impact and process effecting many couples with fertility issues. These sources provide valuable information for couples and prospective donors covering various topics critical to decision making during the embryo reproduction process.
For many years, infertile couples have had difficulty facing the reality that they can not have children. According to Nidus Information Services Incorporated, 6.2 million women in the United States are infertile. This problem leads to many options. A few options have been used for a long period of time: the couple could adopt a child or keep trying to have a child themselves. For those couples that want to have their own children, there are new options arising. In vetro fertilization is an option that gives couples the chance to have a doctor combine the male's sperm and the woman's eggs in a petri dish and implant them into the woman's womb after the artificial conception. This may result in multiple pregnancies - more than five in some cases. This does not only occur in implantation, however. Many times the patient's doctor will ask her to consider selective reduction: aborting a few fetuses to save the ones she can. In a case of multiple pregnancy, selective reduction should be considered an option.
The main thesis of the chapter is the ethical, moral, and social issues regarding assisted reproduction (IVF), multiple births, and pregnancy at an old age. The chapter opens with Nadya Suleman’s decision to have her physician implant all her in vitro embryos into her uterus, which, lead to her later giving birth to octuplets. The physician who performed the embryo implementation had broken reproductive guidelines by implying more embryos than advised, and because Nadya had had disabled children from IVF prior, it was unethical. The next case of IVF involves the birth of Louise Brown. Her mother could not have children do to health reasons, and her eggs had to be fertilized outside of her uterus with her husband’s sperm. People praised this medical breakthrough for giving unfertile women a chance to still have children, however, critics claimed that this violated natural procreation and was therefore, immoral. Today, woman can donate their eggs, have them fertilized, and give the embryos to other women. A question asked in the chapter is
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a complex series of procedures used to help those who want children but struggle with infertility. The process consists of extracting eggs from a woman and collecting a man’s sperm sample then manually combining them in a lab dish. Once the embryo(s) are created they are transferred to a woman’s uterus. IVF is commonly used in woman who cannot conceive on their own due to different reasonings. “These include but are not limited to blocked or damaged fallopian tubes, male factor infertility, woman with ovulation disorders, genetic disorders, woman who have had their fallopian tubes removed and unexplained infertility.” (American Pregnancy)
Moreover, people opposed clinics destroying frozen embryos because it is the owner’s property. It is the owner’s (in this case donator) decision to determine what will happen to the embryos. There are people who have emotions towards their embryos. Especially for the donator that undergoes a lot of process creating those embryos. Based on an interview, a donator said that a lot of people put emotions and effort to produce the embryos. Embryos matter because they are special for the people who donated it and it is just a personal feeling. Because of this, they don’t accept their embryos disposed.
The technique of in vitro fertilization or IVF removes several eggs from the ovaries for fertilization in the laboratory. After a few days, one or two of these fertilized eggs which are now known as embryos are returned to the uterus in the hope that they implant and become a pregnancy. Women undergoing IVF are given special reproductive hormones to encourage several eggs to develop in the ovaries. Final maturation of the egg itself is induced by the administration of a further hormone. Thirty-six hours later, the fluid containing the eggs are drawn from the ovary with a needle; this is usually performed under light sedation in a short, outpatient procedure with the doctor using ultra-sound to check proceedings. The eggs collected from the ovary are then mixed with a sample of the male partner sperm which has been already washed and concentrated. The eggs and sperm are then left in an incubator set at thirty-seven degrees at thirty-four hours so fertilization can take place. During this time, only one of many sperm cells will penetrate ...
IVF are designed to stimulate the ovaries to produce several eggs rather than the usual single egg as in a natural cycle. Multiple eggs increase the potential availability of multiple embryos for transfer and ultimately increase the probability of conception. The most healthy ones are chosen for implantation while the others are frozen for possible later use, or destroyed outright. Biologically, a human embryo is a living human being at its earliest stage of development. If the couples do not really need IVF to create a life, the destruction of embryos in the
METHODS: I used the NUIG James Hardiman Library catalogue extensively to access the Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley and Uptodate databases. Evidence for the topics I discussed was obtained by searching phrases like “IVF”, “health belief model”, “IVF complications & maternal”, “IVF complications & neonate”, “ethics & cryopreserved embryos”, “IVF and multi-fetal pregnancy”, “legal status of embryo in Ireland”, “risks and benefits of IVF”, “patient-centred care” etc. I limited my search results to peer-reviewed journal articles and attempted to limit my search scope to recent years so as to ensure my evidence was up-to-date.
Contrary to what most believe to be true, infertility is caused by as many men as by women. In fact, about 40% of cases are att...
It is assumed by most that we will all be able to grow up, fall in love, get married, and then have children of our own. This is not the lifestyle that all people choose, but it is still the view accepted by the majority of society. What happens when the unthinkable occurs and a happily married couple is unable to get pregnant? This is a reality for 7.1%, or 2.8 million, of the married couples in the United States (Lenox, 1999). Today, there are many people all over the world that decide to use fertility treatments to help them conceive a child, and this often leads to the birth of twins, triplets, or even higher order multiples. There are many risk factors that are involved in this type of pregnancy, and these issues have created a cloud of debate around this subject.
For women who are infertile, their fallopian tubes don’t work (twisted, blocked or damaged) so sperm and eggs can't pass through
Another ethical concern is related to the subsequent treatment of the egg and embryo. The in vitro fertilization procedure goal is to retrieve and fertilize enough eggs in order to establish a good pregnancy. Most often, not all of those embryos are used during treatment; some are frozen for later use. Other embryos are donated, used for research, or discarded and sometimes destroyed by selective pregnancy reduction. Any of these alternatives raise a number of ethical issues. Since 1970, more than 500,000 frozen embryos are stored with 20,000 embryos extra each year and most of them will not be used (Clark, 2009, p. 2). For some people, destroying these embryos constitutes an act of murder because t...
During IVF to many embryos may get implanted and cause multiple babies to develop, causing health problems such as low birth weight and premature delivery