“The Potential of Market Vegetable Leftovers as Bio-Ethanol” by: Dexter B. Garachico STE (8) A- Mahogany “Related Literature” Market vegetable leftovers, are simply wastes to our environment but many of these waste can be essential in making a very useful product. These market vegetable leftovers are near to rot so they are useless to our environment. Vegetables contain a great variety of other phytochemicals, some of which have been claimed to have antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anticarcinogenic properties. Also, they are very fast to ferment. They also contain sugars and rich in vitamins. Market vegetable leftovers are easy to found and renewable and capable for the production of bio ethanol (Thomas 2014). Market vegetable left overs is the main subject of …show more content…
According to Junchen (2012), “Utilization of edible plants and crops are capable in the production of bio ethanol” market vegetable left over’s composed of different vegetables that can help me to make a more effective bioethanol. Many researchers like Hossain and David Pimentel are finding out more capable products to make a bioethanol. It includes natural resources, especially starch, vegetables, fruits and a product rich in sugar. For example in 2014 Alemayehu Gashaw tried to make a bioethanol from fruit waste and also concluded that when he increase the temperature he also get a greater amount of bioethanol. According to him “Lignocellulosic biomass has been used as one of the main resources for economically attractive bioethanol production. Though ethanol yields from sugar and starch and these are higher than from lignocelluloses these conventional sources are insufficient for worldwide bio ethanol production”. However in 2011 Hossain, Alshammari, Mustafa and
Pimental D and Patzek (2005). Ethanol Production using Corn, Switchgrass and Wood; Biodiesel Production using soybean and Sunflower. Earth and Environmental Sciences, 14 (1).
Cushman, Lynd, Nichols, Wyman. “Fuel Ethanol from Cellulosic Biomass.” Science. March 1991. Vol 251 (4999):1321
Cellulosic ethanol will not be able to meet its mandated output because in the past four years since demonstration and pilot sites started popping up it has only just started t...
Michael Tortorello, a journalist for The New York Times, wrote the article “Heirloom Seeds of Flinty Hybrids?” in his article, he writes about a study done by the National Gardening Association that had a survey show that one in five Americans with a garden showed an interest in growing heirloom vegetables. According to the article “Benefits of Growing Your Own Fruits and Vegetables,” homegrown vegetables can cause us to use fewer pesticides or use natural pesticides. Using less or natural pesticides will cause less contamination to our environment (“Benefits of Growing Your Own Fruits and Vegetables”). In the article “Benefits of Growing Your Own Fruits and Vegetables” it is stated that growing our own vegetables can “turn unsightly lands into attractive landscapes.” Peels and waste from your homegrown vegetables can be recycled and used as composts to fertilize your garden instead of taking up stave in your garbage cans (“Benefits of Growing Your Own Fruits and Vegetables”). Imagining vegetable composts in your garbage may seem displeasing, but picturing vegetables on a plate of food would be much more
Technically, the method is not thought of as a biofuel because it was not produced from a crop. Ethylene is used and it is produced through catalytic cracking. This is an addition reaction that is exothermic and is shown through the equation: CH2=CH2(g) + H2O(g) → CH3CH2OH(l) ΔH = - 45kj
Biobutanol has the potential to replace ethanol as a fuel in the future. Recent studies suggested that it does not damage car engines like ethanol does, it reduces fuel mileage , and it can blended with gasoline directly in the refinery. In conclusion, butanol can make up for ethanol’s weaknesses. However, butanol fuel is said to be too expensive and not competitive enough to compete with ethanol.
Ethanol can be made from many different plant sugars including starch and cellulose. Starch ethanol is the most common biofuel used in the world. It is made from kernels of corn, which is very easy to break down. This means that corn is very easily converted into ethanol. On the other hand, cellulose is not easily broken down into ethanol. Cellulose is found in the cell walls of plants, and resembles plant armor. The cellulose combines with lignin, which makes plants woody. During the process of making ethanol from cellulose, the lignin has to be separated from the cellulose because it is not fermentable. Figure 1 shows the complications of making cellulosic ethanol vs. other biofuels. The question marks indicate where the technology hasn’t
Despite of general properties of enzymes, the properties also varies from where it comes from and how it been produced. For instance, the enzymatic saccharification method in lignocellulosic bioethanol is generated by hydrolyzing cellulose and hemicelluloses. This method gets high attention because of its higher theoretical yield compared to other methods (Taneda et al., 2012). Acremonium cellulolyticus with high activities of cellulase, amylase and pectinase enzymes allow it for the easy separation of solids/liquids in potato pulp, resulting in high saccharification efficiency and a high recovery rate of products (Gao et al., 2014). On the other hand, Enzyme-modified carboxymethyl starch (ECMS) is beneficial in enhancing water holding capacity, emulsion stability and improving sensory characteristics of sausages with a declined fat content (Luo and Xu, 2011). Lipases and phospholipases of dormant cotton seeds have stability in heat, various media and nature of the hydrolysis of the lipids properties (Rakhi...
NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory), USA reported that in 2010 there was approximately 5 billion gallons/ annum ethanol was produced using food grains and production of 8 billion gallons/ annum ethanol is expected in 2015 with the use of lignocellulosic biomass. Major constituents of biomass containing polymers of sugars are cellulose and hemicelluloses whereas lignin forms a protective covering against various in...
The composition of biomass as raw material provides a convincing explanation for the general use way which is renewable, available and biodegradable (21). Bioplastic produced of biomass have generally three main opportunistic include, the economy, the environment and medical application.
As demand increases, so does the quantity of supply; this is a concept known as supply and demand. The organic food industry has successfully perpetuated this notion. The popularity of organic foods in the United States has increased exponentially since 1990, with an annual growth rate of twenty-percent. Its marketability can be strongly attributed to the complexity involved in production as well as perspective health benefits. A parallel exists between the monetary value and health benefits; product desirability and value simultaneously increase. Health deficits of the latter alternative also assist in underscoring the importance of the organic food industry. Many conventionally produced foods contain pesticides, antibiotics, and other extraneous chemicals; all of which organic food industries strive to eliminate. Farming techniques such as soil fertility maintenance, “ crop rotation, tillage and cultivation practices, cover crops, and natural products.” Nonetheless, each of these precise methods work cohesively to eliminate the harmful factors traced to conventional food production methods. (Winter & Davis,
Coal and crude oil are non-renewable resources. They take an extreme amount of time to form and due to that, they cannot be replaced once they have all been used up. However, when it comes to the biofuels, they are produced from plant material and are renewable. There are two types of biofuels: Biodiesel, which is made from rapeseed oil and other plant oils and is used in diesel-powered vehicles without needing any modifications to the engine, and Bioethanol, which is a liquid fuel that burns quite well and is made by fermenting sugars from sugar cane, wheat and other plants. In this essay, whether or not biofuels are becoming an increasingly important alternative to traditional forms of energy under environmental and economic benefits and
When you go to the grocery store, what types of produce, otherwise known as fruits and vegetables, do you buy? Do you look for the “organic” labels, or stick with the conventional options? You may question the difference between the two. After all, an organically grown apple often looks and tastes the same as its conventionally grown, genetically modified counterpart.
The fruits and vegetables are perishable and they can become contaminated pretty quickly. They can get contaminated by harmful bacteria and viruses. This contamination causes the food products to go to waste. To keep these fresh fruits and vegetables from these pathogens, it is important that these products are stored properly. If these products are not stored properly, then consuming these products can
Keener, K., Hoban, T. and Balasubramanian, R. 2014. Biotechnology and its applications. [online] Available at: http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/foodsci/ext/pubs/bioapp.html [Accessed: 11 Apr 2014].