Understanding multiple leadership methodologies is critical when facing the surfeit of problems that emerge when managing the diverse population found in higher education (Nworie, 2012; Wang & Berger, 2010). In order to understand and apply leadership methodologies effectively, leadership cannot be studied in a singular context, but must be explored in complex settings and using methodologies that fit the needs of the situation, the organization, and the people involved (Bass, 2008). To demonstrate knowledge of leadership theories and knowledge of how those theories are applied in different context, the discussion is divided into two parts. The first portion will discuss 4 theories in educational leadership, provide examples of how each theory …show more content…
Whether these leaders are university administrators, department managers, or professors, these leaders create specific, measurable goals, to be achieved in a predetermined timeframe by faculty, staff, and students as applicable (Butcher, Bezzina, & Moran, 2011; McCleskey, 2014; Poulson, Smith, Hood, Arthur, & Bazemore, 2011). Examples include faculty maintaining a certain percentage of students throughout a course, staff enrolling a predetermined number of students per month or having a certain number of transcript evaluations processed each day, and students completing a specific number of online activities to meet minimum requirements for a portion of their grade. These quantifiable goals are monitored closely by the applicable leader and assigned contingent rewards, which usually include both positive and negative consequences, such as bonuses, pay increases, tenure, and other positive benefits when goals are achieved, and retraining, performance improvement plans, and other negative repercussions when goals are not met (McCleskey, 2014; Poulson et al., 2011). Transactional leadership is designed to deliver workplace and classroom consistency by providing measurable expectations, which in …show more content…
Transactional leadership can be helpful when leaders need to maintain or improve productivity and uses external factors to motivate followers to meet expectations (McCleskey, 2014; Poulson et al., 2011). Transformational leadership is useful when needing to implement significant changes and uses internal motivation to inspire followers to want to do more than expected (Butcher et al., 2011; McCleskey, 2014; Moman Basham, 2012b; Nworie, 2012). Situational leadership does not necessarily focus
Servant leadership is a philosophy and set of practices that augments the lives of individuals, builds better organizations, and creates a more just and caring world, they put the team first, and themselves second (MindTools, 2015). Servant leaders are able to demonstrate their traits through interaction with followers and other leaders within the organization. The characteristics of servant leaders include their commitment to the growth of people, stewardship, and building community, and provide leaders with the opportunity to experience change and to invite followers to change (Savage-Austin & Honeycutt 2011). Servant leadership encourages leaders and followers to ‘raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morality’, and set their leadership focus: follower’s first, organizations second, their own needs last (Sendjaya, Sarros, & Santora, 2008). The servant leader focuses on the needs of others to include team members.
“..the transformational leader articulates the vision in a clear and appealing manner, explains how to attain the vision, acts confidently and optimistically, expresses confidence in the followers, emphasizes values with symbolic actions, leads by example, and empowers followers to achieve the vision (Yukl, 2002)
Transformational leadership describes a leader moving followers beyond immediate self-interests through idealized influence (charisma), inspiration motivation, intellectual stimulation, or individualized consideration. Transformational leaders are change agents. They influence the mission and objectives to make way for a brighter future for the organization. Followers are motivated to do more than is originally expected because of their feelings of trust and respect for the leader.
There are four more attributes added to the transactional leadership theory and forms the transformational theory. Basically, it is the process where the leader and follower raises their hand for each other towards a greater benefit (Dems, 2015). This type of leadership style is very energetic, enthusiastic and passionate and it’s not confined in a hierarchical relation. Here leader exposed the clear goal to the follower and having a high expectation. But he never forgets about his follower to help them, encourage the. Leader shares his opinion and welcome every input from group members (Transformational Leadership, 2015) . The four qualities are intellectual stimulation to followers to explore new ideas. Considering each individual despite only group or team. Inspirational motivation for creating an inspiring vision to the group which is really achievable. Most important thing the behavior of transformational leader is being a role model to follow (Dawes,
Bass (1990) states that transformational leadership is identified by different patterns of behavior. Firstly , transformational leadership delivers the charisma to be a leader in order to gain respect and trust. Secondly, the characteristics of a leader show efforts to change a purpose of the transformation process and to effectively communicate. Finally, transformational leadership proposes that leaders treat employees individually to show them attention and provide them coaching and advice to show that you care about your employees. However, Wang and Howell (2010) claim that transformational leadership is in every individual.This means an individual can develop their potential to enhance their abilities and skills to improve and overcome any weaknesses. In relation to group work transformational leadership helps to grow common values and beliefs, and to inspire group members to reach their group goals. In this type of situation, leaders treat equally towards members and to make them feel comfortable. However, on occasions problems occur during team work which puts a leader into a situation to overcome the condition. For example, if one of my team members has no belief in me to lead the group, my attitude towards the group and the member will change as they have shown a lack of confidence and interest in teamwork. According to Novicevic, Harvey, Buckley, Brown & Evans (2006) explains that authentic leadership is when a leader shows their individual responsibility in what they were responsible for in their organization. Novicevic, Harvey, Buckley, Brown & Evans (2006) discusses a particular style of leadership which is the matrix of executive leadership. This style of leadership occurs when a leader has lost confidence in them self. The
According to (Burns), “transformational leadership can be seen when "leaders and followers make each other to advance to a higher level of moral and motivation." the strength of the vision, transformational leaders are get followers to get their expectations, and motivations to work and achive their goals.
Transformational Leadership and High-Intensity Interval Training posits; “The athlete’s sense of accomplishment provides a heightened sense of well-being, pride, confidence, belongingness, perseverance, self-awareness of capabilities, and a belief in their capacity to conquer challenge” (Himelhoch, 2014, p.37). These traits are important for a transformational leader, but are also found in a charismatic leader. Charisma in a leader is defined in Leadership Theory, Application & Skill Development as “a social construct between the leader and follower, in which the leader offers a transformative vision or ideal which exceeds the status quo and then convinces followers to accept this course of action not because of its rational likelihood of success, but because of their implicit belief in the extraordinary qualities of the leader” (Lussier & Achua, 2013, p.325). Charismatic and transformational types of leadership styles are very similar, but a transformative leader may not have that special “it factor” that a charismatic leader possesses. Leadership Theory, Application & Skill Development give examples of such leaders; “Bill Gates, Warren Buffett, Abraham Lincoln, or Jack Welch are transformational, but few will label them as charismatic” (Lussier & Achua, 2013, p.342). While these leaders have affected
Transformational leadership consists of few components which are idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration, management by exception and contingent rewards (Ahmad et al.,
Servant leadership consists of leaders helping their followers become leaders themselves. The use personal skills such as empathy, compassion and listening to help their followers succeed. It is not necessarily the most popular form of leadership but, it has been proven successful b those leaders who implement it in their work practices. Servant leaders typically have a strong bond with their team. They are the base and the foundation of their teams.
His or her actions can inspire others. The second component is Inspiration and Vision; this element assists the leader to look into the future. They work hard to ensure goals and dreams become a reality. Transformational leaders stay committed to the vision/goal in stressful times. “They set standards and instill others with optimism, a sense of meaning, and commitment to a dream, goal, or cause.” (Marshall & Broome, 2017). The third component is Intellectual stimulation. A leader with Intellectual Stimulation keeps probing and challenges the existing knowledge or ways various task is carried out. They challenge the status quo to make room for new and creative ideas to be innovative. The final component is Individual Consideration, which is an essential element for a transformational leader and a successful leader as a whole. They are servants who serve with humility, and according to Marshall & Broome (2017), they look beyond their self or personal goals. They are more invested in the organizational goals and
Transformational leadership is one of the most popular leadership styles. According to Kendrick (2011), “Transformational leadership involves four factors: 1. idealized influence, 2. inspirational motivation, 3. intellectual stimulation, and 4. individual consideration.” These four factors make transformational leadership have an impact on followers. The goal of transformational leadership is to cause a positive change in individuals, help motivate them, and develop a leader within each individual.
This paper will describe two studies, one quantitative and the other a mixed method, which dealt with aspects of educational leadership. The studies chosen for review were conducted by Bush, et al. (2005), a study that reported participant results in a Leadership Academy, and another by Somech (2005) in which the results of an investigational study of leadership styles, participative and directive, with regard to their impact upon managing school effectiveness. To offer a deeper understanding of the respective studies, a discussion follows that details the design rationa...
In developing my own educational leadership model (MELM) I began with establishing what I believe the goal of education should be, since leaders by definition are leading people towards something. The goal of education is to effectively teach students the essential skills and knowledge they will need to establish a productive, positive, self-sufficient life where they can be active members of their communities. An effective leader, while working towards this goal will need to consider the present conditions and demands of the environment they are a part of. In the field of education, both internal and external factors are of crucial importance when developing a plan to lead for success. However, one must note the variables in education are different than those the business sector face, for example; student performance, ability and cultural differences; availability/condition of supplies and materials; goal; educator’s capability, views and attitudes; conditionality of economic support; openness/hostility of influencing communities; state or government performance mandates. A leader who knows where they (students, school, district, community) are now, can approach goals more clearly and develop more effective strategies to arrive at them.
Transformational leaders are needed to transform low performing organizations to acceptable to high performance. At other times, the leader is expected to move an organization from a crisis. In order to accomplish these tasks, the leader must overhaul the organization culture or subculture. This task is accomplished by nine ways of transforming others: 1. Raise others awareness. The leader makes others aware of the rewards and how to achieve them, i.e. pride in the job or financial incentives. 2. Help others look beyond self-interest. The transformational leader helps others to look at the “big picture” by describing an entire scenario, i.e. if we hire more employees to do x, we will have to make cuts in other areas. 3. Help people find self-fulfillment. The leader helps others not to focus on minor satisfactions, i.e. getting a job done before the deadline ...
Education is a very important aspect in the life of a child. The level of success a student has in the classroom is greatly influenced by their teachers. Students, as well as their parents, depend on the teachers to guide them through their education. But who guides a teacher to perform successfully in the classroom? Principals and teachers play an important role in schools. A good relationship among school leaders and teachers is necessary and play an important role in making improvements in the school. Leadership refers to the “process in which one person successfully exerts influence over others to reach desired objectives”. (Okoji, 2015) Good leadership involves honesty, vision, confidence and commitment. It is the ability to inspire a