HYDROGELS: Hydrogels are known to us as 3-dimensional cross linked polymers, which comprise of being hydrophilic groups that can change its aggregate volume quite significantly. Water or different solutes are in fact absorbed by the hydrogel and the procedure is called swelling. The interpenetrated networks structure (INS) of the hydrogel and the external conditions (for example, temperature) has an extraordinary effect on its swelling limit. Swelling properties of hydrogel is thought of as a standout amongst the most critical and is also its defining characteristic where hydrogels are concerned.
It is the property of a hydrogel to absorb water which is present due to the availability of hydrophilic ie, water loving groups in the foundation of the chain. Then again, their imperviousness to the process of dissolution is because of the crosslinks inside of the network chains. The water
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The development of silver nanoparticles was affirmed by TEM and the surface plasmon reverberation [SPR] which was given at 400nm. The TEM of hydrogel Ag nanocomposites indicated very nearly a uniform dispersion of nanoparticles all through the gel systems. The vast majority of the particles uncovered from particle size distribution (curve) were 20 to 30 nm in size X-ray diffraction patterns likewise affirmed the fcc structure of Ag nanoparticles. The nanocomposites exhibited amazing antibacterial impacts on E coli. The antibacterial property relied upon the size of the nanocomposite. The measure of Ag nanoparticles also the measure of monomer acid present inside of the hydrogel Ag nanocomposites. It was likewise found that the immersive property of plain hydrogels in 20 mg/30 milliliter Silver Nitrate arrangement yield NP hydrogel composites with great antibacterial
Colloidal silver is particles of silver broken down or mixed into liquid. In the early 20th, ,century colloidal silver or as it is more popularly known “silver water” was marketed as a cure for tumors; now in alternative medicine it is referenced as a cure all with healing properties.
Antimicrobial encapsulated into polymeric nanoparticles is a suggested novel drug delivery system to treat CRS. Nanoparticles are categorized into nanospheres (matrix-like structure) and nanocapsules (vesicular systems). Nanospheres are a type of nanoparticles that allows drug encapsulation surrounded by a polymer matrix (Pinto Reis C. et al., 2006). Literature suggests Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) is an attractive polymer to coat the nanospheres due to their biodegradable and biocompatible properties (Makadia HK. & Siegel SJ., 2011). The nanoprecipitation solvent-diffusion method was chosen for encapsulation of the poorly water-soluble drug MUP. Initially, an oil-in-water emulsion is formed. PLGA and MUP in a 1:1...
When in solution, the hydronium and chloride ions formed will be partially surrounded by water molecules via ion-dipole bonds, an electrostatic force of attraction that exists between charges in the ions and the partial charges in the water molecules. Water molecules surrounding ions is called hydration.
...om aggregation and floating behavior of drug particles during dissolution. All proliposomal powders showed 67.5 to 91.2% drug release with following order KPL3>KPL5>KPL0>KPL4>Pure drug within 5 min which indicated improved dissolution of drug in the form of proliposomes. The improved dissolution of ketoprofen in proliposomal formulation may be due to the hydrophilic nature of pearlitol which facilitate the quick hydration of proliposomes to transform into liposomes, enhanced solubility of poorly water soluble drug by amphiphilic HSPC or altered physical state of drug entrapped in the bilayers from crystalline to amorphous state and it may be also due to increased effective surface area and wetting characteristic of unentrapped drug upon contact with dissolution medium as fine dispersion which was adsorbed over the porous water soluble carrier i.e. pearlitol SD 200.
In a phenomenon termed the “hydrophobic effect”, 4 surfactants act the way they do in
Because of its ability to break down self-associative tendency of water , it may also reduce the number of water molecules entrapped between the polymeric chains, increasing the degree of postoperative polymerization In addition to post-curing increase in bond strength, the relative decrease in free water would eliminate or decrease the hydrolytic degradation of adhesive in or above the hybrid layer
Fluoride has been established for many years as an effective material in the fight against caries. Silver has been used in health care as an anti-bacterial agent in many medical applications such as silver sutures and silver catheters. Silver diamine fluoride was created to conjoin the effectiveness of both. According to a critical review by Rosenblatt et al (2009), “…silver interacts with sulfhydryl groups of proteins and with DNA, altering hydrogen bonding and inhibiting respiratory processes, DNA unwinding, cell-wall synthesis, and cell division (Pg #?).” It is through those means that pathogens are destroyed and biofilm formations are hindered. The study by Lou et al (201...
Hydrocolloid dressings have been utilized in the midst of countless health care facilities due to the increasing number of decubitus ulcers. Decubitus ulcer, also commonly known as bedsores or pressure ulcers, is an exposed wound on your skin frequently occurring on the skin concealing bony areas. It is mutual among the elderly, people who devote prolonged periods of time in bed or a wheelchair, and individuals who cannot move particular body parts without assistance (Solan, 2014). Many diverse prevention dressings have been introduced across the years to diagnose pressure ulcers; this paper pursues to examine appropriate literature to evaluate and compare the efficacy of hydrocolloid dressing in patients with decubitus ulcers.
...nstead of the common crystalline state, something that is extremely hard (gizmodo.com). That’s where the liquid levitation comes in, a machine that uses sound waves to make liquid solutions float. This way the liquid solutions don't touch any solid materials as the water evaporates, solidifying in the much desired amorphous drug, so it can be more efficient in helping.
They found that surface bacterial counts were significantly diminished when treated with nanocrystalline dressing. Bacteria are known to damage tissue leading to poor healing, thus lower bacterial load as a result of silver nanocrystalline dressing, facilitates wound healing, while growth factors are crucial in healing, as they attract cells necessary for epithelial cell migration and fibroblast growth and they initiate the formation of new blood vessels in the injured area. [14] Moreover, studies on a mouse model reveal that wounds treated with silver nanoparticle dressings resemble more to normal skin when it comes to collagen configuration and tensile properties, compared to untreated control
Stem Cells in medicine date back to the early 19th century. Many physicians have conducted studies on stem cells and the use of stem cells in treating diseases. From the start of its discovery until today, stem cell research has progressed a lot. In fact, the use of stem cells to treat patients has already begun in hospitals like The Boston Children’s Hospital. You’re probably wondering what I’m talking about. In this article, I’ll help you understand: what are stem cells? Why are they important? What kinds of diseases can they treat? And Finally, I’ll reference you to a few websites that can help you better understand stem cells.
Aerogel was discovered in the late 1930’s by chemist Samuel Stephens Kistler. He accomplished this by the process of supercritical fluid drying. A supercritical fluid is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical poi...
Therefore, oil and water do not mix. This is why Oil does not dissolve when you run water over it. How does the oil wash off your hands if the water isn¡¦t soluble with the oil? This is where soap comes in. While soaps head is attracted to water its tail is attracted to non-polar substances such as oil. When oil and grease etc. mix with oil it creates a slightly polar substance because of the head group. This makes the oil soluble with water allowing you to wash off your hands with water and rinse the grease off.
Often in organisms substances must be in solution and water is the solvent. Plants can only obtain mineral salts in solution so require water to live. Also human digestion will only dissolve soluble foods, meaning large starch molecules must be broken down into soluble sugars. Also many organisms living in water spend most of their lives underwater, yet they require oxygen to live and respire, and as water is such a good solvent the required oxygen gas is dissolved in the water and the organisms can use it. Water is the most abundant component in any organism, proving its
present at all times but it must retain some of them. All plant life on Earth benefits from the ability of water to make a hydrogen bond with another substance of similar electronegative charge. Cellulose, the substance that makes up cell walls and paper products, is a hydrophilic substance ("water-loving"). It interacts with water but, unlike other hydrophilic substances, it will not dissolve in it. Cellulose can form strong hydrogen bonds with water molecules. This explains why a paper towel will "wick" water upwards when it comes in contact with it.