Gender and residential status
- Rural female migrant workers
- Female university graduates with non-local residential status
- Secondary earner of the migrant family
- Recruitment
2.2 Core values as antecedents of Chinese companies’ recruitment practices
2.2.1 Harmony and Zhong yong
He (Harmony) can be considered as one of the most important characteristics in Chinese culture. It is an ongoing endeavor to harmonize the diversity which is different from the ideal. Harmony in Chinese is not only one sided value: it is regarded not only to human beings, but also to nature and human society. The main idea of it is to be able to deal with social and political life avoiding conflict and pressure. In comparative studies
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It represents Chinese indirect, holistic and fuzzy thinking. Zhongyong oriented people tend to minimize their own interests, going to compromises before taking actions (C. F. Yang & C. Y. Chiu, unpubl. data, 1997) Thus they can easily hold on their ideas in order to find a solution accepted by others, instead of promoting their own opinions.
2.2.2 Power distance
The Confucian model of the social hierarchy order provides philosophical basis starting from maintenance of the family structure to the government. Confucius’s followers believe that society is a trust based community on social responsibility not an adversarial system based on individual rights. That might be one of the reasons why Chinese people have high sense of vertical order in their attitudes.
2.2.3 Mianzi
Mianzi stands by the reputation, social achievements person has. The higher social status he has, the more face he earns. It can be gained by one’s illustrious origins, by means of personal efforts, talent or just by the strength of one’s guanxi. According to Pelled and Xin (1997), saving face is related to harmony; both emphasize the avoidance of conflict in interpersonal relationships. Its influence defines widespread phenomenon of holistic and indirect thinking. Face can be built or lost in social interactions, and one’s face is not an individual and private issue but it is closely associated with entire
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All employees in the company have their roles in the company and they are all expected to behave in appropriate way based on their social statuses roles (Shore et al., 2004): managers set clear differentiation between themselves and subordinates(Lockett, 1988); subordinates show respect for hierarchy and accept the hierarchical nature of the superior-subordinate relationship (Jiang and Cheng, 2008). All the managers expected to fulfil role expectations and treat their subordinates well. The subordinates are expected to be loyal to their supervisor
Confucianism is regarded as one of the primary religions that have profoundly influenced Chinese beliefs and ideologies. While Kongzi, or Confucius, is the founder of Confucianism, he is not the only philosopher who has contributed to such a significant impact on China. Similarly, the Analects of Confucius is not the single text that represents Confucianism. In fact, during different time periods throughout the history, there are a number of eminent representatives of Confucian thoughts, such as Mengzi and Xunzi. Because Confucianism aims at eliminating chaos and maintaining order in a harmonious society , they all agree that the guidance and education of virtuous Confucian pioneers are of extreme importance to achieve this goal. Yet, instead of supporting each other, Mengzi and Xunzi have made contradictory arguments on human nature and cultivation of moral elites .
To begin, Confucianism is a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius. Confucianism was the code of ethics accepted as the certified religion of most of the immense empires in the territory since the Han Dynasty. Confucianism provided an outline of ethical and religious beliefs that most of the Chinese expanded to make other religions such as Daoism and Legalism. To expand, Confucianism was founded by Confucius and his beliefs on the political and social order of China. Confucius believed that everything would fall into place if children had respect for their parents and if the rulers were honest. In Confucianism, specific roles were followed by each person in the family. The head of the family, the father, was the one primarily in control and then it was the oldest son that was next in line. Confucius had the belief that a ruler has to be everything he wants
Taoism has been a major influence in China throughout much of its history and The Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, reflects this influence through its infusion of Taoist principals. One of the fundamental concepts within Taoism is that of Wu-hsing. Wu-hsing is a way of understanding a matter by dividing it into five and is often represented by five phases, elements of directions. This is an unfamiliar concept to a western perspective, which tends to divide things into four. Understanding this fifth additional element, however, is essential to understanding The Joy Luck Club.
The relationship between ruler and subject is that the ruler must work to protect and govern, while subjects must provide their ruler with loyalty. The father is responsible for caring for his son and providing him an education, while the son must show his father obedience and honor. In the husband and wife relationship, the husband is to provide for his wife, while the wife shows obedience and takes care of the home. The older brother has the responsibility to take care of his younger brother and look after him, while the younger brother must show obedience. Lastly, the relationship between elder and younger places the elder with the responsibility of taking care of the younger. The younger must then show respect and obedience toward the elder. In the even that the elder is unable to care for themselves, as in the case of aging parents, it is the younger’s responsibility to care for the elder. The idea is that when each person is doing their duty in each relationship, society will run much more smoothly and harmoniously. While Confucianism focuses on social aspects, it does not consider the
Confucianism became popular during the Han Dynasty as it was the state religion and had a great impact on East Asia (Confucianism 1, pg. 7). Born in 551 BCE in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Confucius himself absorbed the teachings of Mahavira and the Buddha (Confucianism 1, pg. 2) He had a set of virtues that he believed a functioning society should stand by such as benevolence, love and rites. Confucius wanted China to return to the old days when people were loyal to their rulers and rulers were polite and caring towards their people. He believed rulers s...
A lot of Chinese viewpoint were created early, as culture emerged along the Yellow River before 1000 B.C .E. One such idea strained the significance of agreement in and with environment around the idea of the Way which e may say described a fair and controlled way of life. More recognized systems of attention developed afterward, if we see in the 5th and 6th centuries B.C, for the period of a separated and anxious period of Chinese politics. A variety of thinkers sought way to shore up a physically powerful political system or survive without one. Of the resultant philosophies or religions, Confucianism proved the majority of durable and noteworthy.
Proper Order in Confucianism and as taught primarily by Mencius, the Chinese philosopher, is the conceptual theory that instructs how people can reach their highest potential of moral and material well being embodied in Mencius' conception of human nature. The theory of proper order is the primary and philosophical means to that end. Although proper order may seem in many ways philosophically abstract, Mencius' teachings of proper order in history have had lasting and tangible effects on modern East Asian politics and its relationship between the state and society, and even on a narrower level of the individual and community. In fact, the theory of proper order starts first at the individual level and from there flourishes to create a positive rippling effect throughout all of society. This profound theory and its ideals is credited with developing a social society in East Asia which acknowledges the great potential of each of its citizens, but still aspires to consider the effects of individual actions on the common good and not to just ignore the interests of society as a whole. This has helped guide East Asia through its long and colorful history and has helped to shape it into the political and economic powerhouse that it is today. But where exactly did such a significant theory which has helped to define an entire society come from? What exactly is proper order, how can we create it, and why is it needed to achieve Mencius' human nature? Most of these questions can be answered in explaining the fundamental virtue that all humans have according to Mencius, our humaneness defined in human nature.
Confucianism is a philosophy and way of life formed in China by Confucius, an early Chinese philosopher. It began as a simple concept with ideals of personal virtue, simple filial piety, and basic gender distinctions and social inequalities. But, over time with the emergence of Neo-Confucianism it began to transform into a way of life that was degrading towards women with certain hostilities towards rivaling religions. In its early period, from around 500 B.C.E to the Common Era, Confucianism changed in that it became the leading belief system and a major part of Chinese tradition. From the transition into the Common Era to the end of the Classical time period, Confucianism was altered because of a loss of popularity following the collapse of the Han dynasty and the corruption in the governing political system. In its ending period, the post-classical era, Confucianism underwent perhaps its biggest adjustments with the emergence of Neo-Confucianism. The ideas and virtues presented in the “rebirth of Confucian philosophies” of intolerance of foreign religions and extreme filial piety...
In traditional Chinese society Confucian beliefs were viewed as social "norms" that governed the social acceptability of a person 's conduct. A key component of Confucianism is the "Doctrine of the Mean", which is a set of principles that a person must abide by in order to be considered virtuous. The first principle states that a young woman should not express her love and should be quiet both physically and mentally. The second principle states that a person should not be excessive in expressing their emotions, and that one should be especially mindful of expressing too much happiness or sadness. The "Doctrine of the Mean" starkly contrasts the new "Doctrine of the Heart" which states that a person must be free to express themselves, as it is their emotions and feelings that make a person unique. In Yuan Changying 's Southeast Flies the Peacock the conflict created within a family is illustrated when the traditional "Doctrine of the Mean" is not upheld due to a younger generations desire for freedom to express their emotions.
The Buddhist brought with them the concept of multiple gods and Buddha’s “spiritual state to provide the power for humans to make the transition into death and the afterlife successfully” (Corduan, 2012, p.410). Confucianism brought the obedience of the child to the parent into Chinese mainstream life, plus the “social stratification and codes governing dress, actions and communication” (Corduan, 2012, p.409). Taoism introduced the balance of forces in harmony in spirits in the form of yin and yang, thus creating that balance of nature and humans (Corduan, 2012). Christianity influenced Chinese life both socially and economically by introducing the concepts of “love for one’s neighbor, self-discipline, and trust” (Lu, 2014, p.2) as both essential and beneficial (Lu, 2014). All of these together with the traditional Chinese religion, give the Chinese culture it’s popular religion
In the category of view of society, each belief has a different view. The Confucians believed that you develop good character through a good life and that everyone has their own role.
Confucianism is a moral and religious system of China. Its origins go back to the Analects, the sayings attributed to Confucius, and to ancient writings, including that of Mencius. Confucius was born a mandarin under the name Kongzi. It was developed around 550 B.C. In its earliest form Confucianism was primarily a system of ethical concepts for the control of society. It saw man as a social creature that is bound to his fellow men by jen, or “humanity.” Jen is expressed through the five relationships—sovereign and subject, parent and child, elder and younger brother, husband and wife, and friend and friend. Of these, the filial relation is most important.
Confucian culture has persistence, so it does not disappear with the annihilation of the old system. Confucian culture, formed under two thousand years of feudal autocratic rule, not only exists for a long time, but also still has important influence on Chinese contemporary political life and political culture with its strong vitality. The theme of moderation is to educate people consciously to self-improve, self supervise, and self educate, and train themselves have the ideal personality. Fundamentally, the Confucian thinks that the root of governing revolution lies in the will of people, therefore, it should govern from the will of people if it wants to achieve the social governance, which has its profound meaning (Chan, Cho, 2014). The emergence of a lot of social problems, in the final analysis, is due to the lack of governance...
The social hierarchy is important and members of the society are expected to conform. One way is showing respect for one’s elders, for example, the oldest member of a group is served first and their drinks are poured for them (AngloINFO, 2014). This mentality is common in the business world as well. Promotions are usually based on seniority and people often work at one company their entire lives. This way of life brings satisfaction and pride to the people (Aliasis, 2013).
Often, in today’s society, the news that we see being broadcast or articles we read in the newspapers are about discord and war. Harmony is said to be a synonym of peace and people living in racial or religious tolerance of one another. This notion of harmony, in today’s world of war and discord, is often a rare phenomenon. Newsmakers today often work for profit, rather than to promote harmony. This often prompts newsmakers to report about discord and injustices, as such news are more appealing to the public, for news about harmony is often viewed as bland and overrated.