Importance Of Crude Oil

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction to Crude Oil

Crude oil is mixture of naturally occurring hydrocarbons which comprises of hydrocarbon, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur compounds as well as trace metals. Nikel and Vanadium metal can be found in a larger concentration and other metals such as Fe,Zn,Ca,Cu,Cr,Pb,Mn and Co are present in lower concentration in crude oil. In earlier centuries, crude oil was used as medicine for wound dressing by ancient Egyptians. Later, industrial revolution increased the demand for cheaper and convenient source of energy. Crude oil was flexible form of fuel and easily transportable source of energy .Thus, crude oil become the primary source for energy supply especially for automobile. Worlds, economy today highly dominated by the crude oil price. Crude oil will rule the world for the next 50 years until appropriate alternative forms of energy are readily available and developed on a sufficient scale to match crude oil use and then to replace crude oil as the dominant energy source.

Crude oil consist of huge number of different hydrocarbon molecules which only having small variation in properties from lightest crude oil to the highly asphaltenic crudes. Crude oil is consist of two main elements which are carbon and hydrogen with value ranging

Aromatic extracts purely from selected refineries or suitably blended to meet specific specifications, are used for compounding to manufacture tires, calendared and molded sheets, tread rubber. Naphthenic process oils are also known as cycloparaffins. Their structure is similar to the aromatic ring, but these are single bonded thus having a stable structure. Their unique colour stability, solubility and good thermal stability makes them ideal for moulded articles, slippers, LPG tubes, floor tiles. Paraffinic process oils constitute branched chain or straight linked hydrocarbon molecules of various