Every text is an argument to the audience and every argument is influenced by a text and the audience surrounding the author. The Importance of Being Earnest is a play written by Oscar Wilde which was first performed in 1895. The plot centers around the proposal of marriage between Jack Worthing and Gwendolen Bracknell and also the proposal from Jack’s friend and Gwendolen 's cousin Algernon Moncrieff extended towards Jack’s ward, Cecily Cardew. In The Importance of Being Earnest, Oscar Wilde uses the ideas of his time period, his own background, and absurd comedy to argue that the views of marriage and gender held by those in Victorian Era England are wrong and hypocritical.
Oscar Wilde’s ‘The Importance of Being Earnest’ can be perceived as either a seemingly satirical piece aimed at the upper class society of the 1890s with a darker nature underneath or as a play “which imitates nothing, represents nothing” and “is nothing.” (William Archer). However, I believe it is the former – a belief fuelled by the comedic features used in the interview scene between Lady Bracknell and Jack Worthing. Wilde convinces the audience to believing that there is something empowering and different about Lady Bracknell as she interviews Jack as opposed to her husband, demonstrating that women in her generation are in charge despite the ‘separate spheres’ debate.
‘The Importance of Being Earnest’ is often represented as being a comedy of manners- Wilde defines the text as ‘a trivial comedy for serious people’, which instantly raises questions on the purpose of the play itself. Dr Tracy Sanders states that “the comedy of manners is a style of comedy that reflects the life, ideals and manners of upper class society”, which undoubtedly links to the play. On the surface ‘The Importance of Being Earnest’ could be classed as a sophisticated comedy of manners which disregards any sincerity, it is characterised by sarcasm, stock characters and the typical comedic resolution which is marriage. Yet in opposition to this, hidden amongst the humour are underlying principles of the play which arguably portray fundamental elements of darker humour, concerning gender, society, and marriage, which have invoked the questions of the true intention of the play. Many critics have claimed that the play is Wilde’s criticisms of society in the Victorian era and is mainly a sharp attack to convey serious social messages.
It has been said that ‘Comedy, beginning in turmoil but ending in harmony, celebrates life.’ and this is the general idea with ‘The Importance of Being Earnest’ Wilde proves that this comedy of manners does conform to this model. As Lady Bracknell tries to prolong the resolution and tries to prevent the marriage between Jack and Gwendolyn, she can be seen as a ‘gorgon’ because she refuses to let Gwendolyn marry Jack. Despite this, She may be seen as a heroine because she is a strong, commanding woman who isn’t passive like traditional Victorian women as she makes decisions which indicates that she has power within the play. Furthermore, Wilde has constructed her in such a way that she dominates the company wherever she is present and judges people according to their wealth even though she is from a non-aristocratic background. Therefore, Lady Bracknell may be viewed as a character that stays ‘bad’. Despite the obstacles surrounding Lady Bracknell, there are some aspects throughout the play which do conform to this model. For instance, Jack faces problems during the play which are then resolved through his actions and are consequently followed by happiness in the resolution when he finds out ‘the vital Importance of Being Earnest’ . Similarly, the same can be said for Algernon who lies to please the women that he desires to achieve happiness in Act 3. Therefore, depending on each character and their actions beforehand, they either face happiness or distress which indicates that comedy does have some elements of movement from distress to happiness and from ‘bad’ to ‘good’.
Every line, every character, and every stage direction in The Importance of Being Earnest is set on supporting Oscar Wilde’s want for social change. The Importance of Being Earnest was written during the late period of the Victorian era. During this period social classification was taken very seriously. It could affect working and living conditions, education, religion, and marriage. Wilde explores the issues of social class and turns it into a comedic play. He humorously criticizes Victorian manners and attacking the society of the luxurious life. The audience becomes self-aware as the characters reflect on themselves. Plays such as this become successful because of the backgrounds the writers come from and the experiences they have had. In The Importance of Being Earnest, Wilde satirizes the Victorian society and the ironic differences between the lower and upper class.
Oscar Wilde’s, The Importance of Being Earnest: A Trivial Comedy for Serious People is a brilliant piece that is filled to the brim with wit and irony. In 2002, the satirical play that mocks the victorian era came to life and was developed into a film, written and directed by Oliver Parker. This extremely well casted film reflects on the characters personal and public lives in which the major conflict of identity builds up into an exciting and unexpected ending that I will not dare to spoil for you.
In The Importance of Being Earnest, Oscar Wilde uses wit to undermine the societal expectations of women. Set in England during the late 19th century, the play shows the shallow and trivial attitude of the upper-class Victorian society. This status-driven society favors men, creating a dissatisfying life for women. The male characters, particularly Algernon Moncreiff, uses wit to show superiority over women. Yet, Cecily Cardew’s wit and cleverness best Algernon at his own game. Although often interpreted as a sign of farcical psychosis, Cecily’s diary actually reveals her true intelligence and dominance over Algernon.
Wilde is exposing not only the absurdity of Victorian culture, but also human nature. The Importance of Being Earnest reveals the hypocrisy, immaturity, and the need for control of the Victorian Era but you do not have to look far to see the corruption in society today. People try to control others to make themselves feel important. Even businesses do not share the whole truth to try and get more clients. Whether you are rich or poor, you are still unable to control disasters such as a break up or a sickness. Even Oscar Wilde experienced the tragedy of getting something he did not deserve. He concluded that the only way to cope with this messed up life, is to laugh.
In the Importance of being Earnest by Oscar Wilde, the use of puns and satire showcases and critiques the personalities of several upper class elites. The humor subtly attacks various odd traits of characters like Lady Bracknell, Cecily, and Gwendolyn. Through puns and satire, Lady Bracknell’s, Cecily’s, and Gwendolyn’s odd characteristics appear. Lady Bracknell's puns against Jack only reveal her own superficial and depthless character. Also, Victorian society’s flaws and foibles constantly receive satiric jabs through the exploitation of Cecily’s and Gwendolyn’s eccentricities. The complex humor allows the play to transform from a simple romantic comedy into a thoughtful critique on the values of upper class society.
Oscar Wilde uses conventional comic devices such as disorder, caricature, and witty repartee in order to contrive the satirical ‘The Importance of Being Earnest’. Combined with a prominent use of droll epigrams, maxims and skilfully employed inversions of conservative Victorian morality and disposition, Wilde is able to effectively create a unique blend of classical romantic comedy and humorous social satire. Wilde uses this satire in order to mock many aspects of late nineteenth century society such as, marriage, education and the aristocracy among others.