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the importance of assessment in learning
characteristics of formative and summative assessment
characteristics of formative and summative assessment
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2.1 Assessment
Assessment and evaluation both describe a process of collecting and interpreting evidence for some purpose. (wayne Harlen. 2007)
As brown said in his book "teaching by principle" on 1994 assessment is the necessary element for effective teaching. He said testing has negative meaning and make stressful atmosphere in the class informal assessment give learner freedom to experience and try out their own hypothesis about lg without feeling judged
On the other hand every time learners answer a question, make a comment or use a new word or structure and teacher can evaluate student's performance is assessment. in recent years the view toward educational assessment changed noticeably. Assessment and student learning showed inseparable
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Teacher more commonly refer to this form of assessment as formative to indicate that children's ideas and understanding shaped.
2.3 AOL
Devis Hayes in 2010 referred to AOL as summative assessment. Summative assessment are the test which is given at the end of the lesson or semester and also at the end of school year to find out what has been learned summative assessment used to determine the purposes. (Erin D,Caffrey_2009)
2.4 Standardized test The standardized test is perhaps the best known example of a summative assessment ( A lassoed, gy, Micheal, Riverta Wilon,2008)
The Johnson center (child health and development) defined standardized test as " a test that is given in a consistent or "standard" manner.
Standardized tests are designed to have consistent question, administration procedures, and scoring procedures when a standardized that is administrated, is it done so according to certain rules and specification so that testing conditions are the same for all test takers.
As Haladyna and Downing and Rodriguez(2002) mentioned generally standardized tests are as sample of good tests. The definition of good test according to Harris (1989) and Brown (1987) include tree elements _ reliability , validity and practicality (as cited in sofendi,
What exactly is standardized testing you may ask, it is a test which measures the knowledge among different students. There are many different standardized test in many different forms. High school standardized test include the SAT, ACT, and the awful dreaded FCAT. There are also standardized test in many different fields such as Medical (MCATs) or the standardized test needed to enter law school (LSATs). Most of these test are needed to get excepted into a certain school you want to go to or to get a scholarship.
Two major classifications of standardized testing are norm-referenced and criterion-referenced testing. These two tests are the most frequently used and well known method of testing in the United States as well as numerous other countries in the world. The paper will go in detail about the history of standardized tests along with views from the testing companies, school administration, teachers, researchers, students, and parents.
For more than 20 years, formative assessment has been highly researched and even accredited as a critical part of a teacher’s pedagogy. In the last decade it (formative assessment has become something of a buzzword and in some cases a mandate in k-12 schools across the country. Formative assessment can be defined as a part of the instructional process intended to gather information and provide feedback for both students and teachers that allow for needed
Standardized testing is the most commonly used and well known method of testing used in the United States and many other countries around the world, but can harm educational quality and promote inequality. Standardized testing is used to determine student achievement, growth and progress. Standardized tests are tests that attempt to present unbiased material under the same, predetermined conditions and with consistent scoring and interpretation so that students have equal opportunities to give correct answers and receive accurate assessments. The idea is that these similarities allow the highest degree of certainty in comparing results across schools, school districts, or states. Standardized tests are also used to determine progress in schools,
First of all, standardized tests are ineffective. These current tests don’t measure achievement, creativity, verbal skills, or growth. You need these skills for the real world. Standardized tests haven’t changed in the last 100 years! Do you know how many people would be dead if medical tests haven’t changed in that
Standardized testing has a long history. Testing began in China in 2200 BC, where students took literary tests to determine their future (Dolezalek 24-25). Thousands of years later in America, immigrants took tests to determine where to place them in school to better integrate them (Dominique). In the 1930s, the first state assessment was formed. Dolezalek writes about the Iowa Every-Pupil Testing program that influenced other states to create standardized tests. Iowa started the testing trend, which really boomed in 1940. Seven years later the Educational Testing service was founded, which determined if students were admitted to college and if they received scholarships (27-28). Today, we use tests to compare students nationally and to rate
One of the biggest topics in the educational world is standardized tests. All fifty states have their own standards following the common core curriculum. There are many positives and negatives that go with the standardized tests. A standardized test is any type of “examination that's administered and scored in a predetermined, standard manner” (Popham, 1999). These standardized tests are either aptitude tests or achievement tests. Schools use achievement tests to compare students.
However, a formative assessment is ongoing and is used to check for students’ understanding throughout a lesson. Both work samples “matched learning objectives” and I was able to identify the students’ strength and weaknesses. I was also able to “analyze assessment data to understand patterns and gaps in learning” to guide my future instructions. In the word problem assessment, I recognized where the student was struggling and gave “effective and descriptive feedback” to address the area that she needs work in.
First let's start off with what standardized testing is. “A standardized test is any test that requires test takers to answer the same questions, or a selection of questions from a common of questions, in the same way, and that is scored in a “standard” or consistent manner, which makes it possible to compare the relative performance of individual students or groups of
The practice of standardized test has long been in hot debate. Many people today hold one-sided opinions about it. Some deem it as the only way to access the ability of students, while others believe it should be abandoned due to the stress it put on test takers. The nature of standardized test, however, is not so simple that can belonged to either direction. Both its advantages and disadvantages have profound impacts.
Solley, B. A. (2012). On Standardized Testing: An ACEI Position Paper. Childhood Education, 84(1), 31-37. Retrieved December 3, 2012, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00094056.2007.10522967
Standardized only means that test takers are giving the same test and scored equally, meaning all tests are administered under the same condition. Most standardized tests are designed to be similar to test takers. According to (Sireci, 2000) standardized testing means that it is developed accorda...
Black, Paul. (2003). The Nature and Value of Formative Assessment for Learning. Improving Schools. 6 (3) 7-22
Stiggins, R., Arter, J., Chappuis, J., Chappuis, S., (2007). Classroom assessment for student learning: Doing it right -- using it well. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson.
Through assessment students and teachers are able to determine the level of mastery a student has achieved with standards taught. Both formative and summative assessment should be purposeful and targeted to gain the most accurate data to drive further instruction (Ainsworth, 2010). While this syllabus does a good job of identifying the need for both formal and informal assessments, the way in which this is communicated does not provide enough detail for understanding. Simply listing assessment types does not give any insight into how these assessments fit in the learning process of this course. While some of the assessments mentioned could be common assessments chosen by the school or district to gain insight into the effectiveness of instruction, the inclusion of authentic assessments is most beneficial to students and demonstrates learning in a context closer to that of a work environment (Rovai, 2004). Unfortunately, this particular course, according to this syllabus, relies heavily on quizzes and traditional tests and essays to form the bulk of assessment opportunities. While other activities, such as formative assessments, journaling and discussions are mentioned as possible avenues for scoring, they are given a very low percentage of the overall grade. This shows that they are not valued for their ability to show progression and mastery. If this is indeed the case, this puts the students as a