Impact Of Trauma And PTSD
comparative Essay
1016 words
Impact of Trauma and PTSD There are two types of trauma that lead to PTSD symptoms among young people. One is exposure to a sudden, one-time event whereas the other is the result of exposure of repeated events. No matter what the “cause” was the condition in childhood and adolescence can effect normal development which can disrupt the acquisition of the skills necessary for a child to become self-sufficient. Because brain development occurs fairly rapidly if a trauma is experiences parts of the brain may slow or stop in their development process. This paper will discuss how to recognize and treat PTSD, limitations of treatment options, treatment options, training for professionals, and ethnic differences. The diagnosis of Post –Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) involves clusters of symptoms. They include persistent re-experiencing of the trauma, avoidance of traumatic reminders/ general numbing of emotional responsiveness, and hyper-arousal (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). In order for the possible diagnosis of PTSD the individual needs to have exposed to a …show more content…
In this essay, the author
- Explains the variety and complexity of children's reactions to traumatic events and how reactions unfold over time.
- Describes the benefits of evidence-based treatment for children and families and explains which type of treatment is optimal for different individuals or groups.
- Explains that hamblem and barnet (2014) discussed events that can cause ptsd in children, including sexual abuse or violence, physical abuse, and witnessing violence.
- Explains that there are two types of trauma that lead to ptsd symptoms among young people.
- Concludes that ptsd is increasingly recognized to be a prevalent and disabling disorder in children and adolescents and there are some advances in learning to recognize the risk factors and pathogenesis.
Deblinger, McCleer, & Henry (1990) demonstrated that trauma focused CBT which included anxiety management components (e.g. coping skills training and joint work with parents) which children aged 3 to 16 were effective in reducing the symptoms of PTSD because the client was able to externalize their symptoms rather than keeping them inside. Components of CBT include psychoeducation, activity scheduling/reclaiming life, imaginal reliving (including writing and drawing techniques), cognitive restructuring followed by integration of restructuring into reliving, revisiting the site of the trauma, stimulus discrimination with respect to traumatic reminders, direct work with nightmares, image transformation techniques; behavioral experiments, and work with parents at all stages ( Yule, Smith, & Perrin,
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- Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)explanatory essayPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a relatively new diagnosis that was associated with survivors of war when it was first introduced. Its diagnosis was met largely with skepticism and dismissal by the public of the validity of the illness. PTSD was only widely accepted when it was included as a diagnosis in 1980 in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) of the American Psychiatric Association. PTSD is a complex mental disorder that develops in response to exposure to a severe traumatic event that stems a cluster of symptoms. Being afflicted with the disorder is debilitating, disrupting an individual’s ability to function and perform the most basic tasks.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is a relatively new diagnosis that was associated with survivors of war when it was first introduced.
- Explains that ptsd is an illness defined with a collection of symptoms that are comorbid with other disorders.
- Explains that ptsd symptoms can be caused by any stimuli, such as objects, images, or sounds. a clicking of a toy can symbolize an intense feeling of anxiety for the individual.
- Describes the avoidance symptom that causes the individual to change his/her everyday routine to avoid social situations, places, events, or people that provoke the recollection of the trauma.
- Explains that the most effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorders is cognitive-behavior therapy (cbt). there are numerous counseling techniques in cognitive behavior therapies that focus on ptsd symptoms.
- Explains that exposure therapy (ex), also known as flooding, is a collective term used to describe prolonged exposure therapies.
- Explains that meichenbaum developed stress inoculation training (sit) as anxiety management training in 1974, but later modified to treat rape survivors.
- Explains that cognitive therapy focuses on the individual's interpretation of events, rather than the event itself, which beck theorize determines the emotional state of an individual after experiencing traumatic stressor.
- Explains that cognitive processing therapy incorporates exposure therapy (ex) as well as cognitive therapy and uses cognitive restructuring. it uses repeated writing about the traumatic event and rereading the narrative.
- Explains that ptsd is comorbid with other disorders such as depression or panic disorders, so it is important to choose the medication based on its effectiveness against the disorder, specific symptoms, or cluster of symptoms.
- Explains that post-traumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder that develops from exposure of a traumatic event.
- Explains that post-traumatic stress disorder can develop at any age with any cultural, social, and economic background. ptsd can be caused by witnessing or being part of a traumatic event.
- Explains that exposure to an extreme stressor is not a lone cause to the development of ptsd.
- Explains that resilience is the ability for an individual to cope with the disorder and recover from exposure to traumatic events.
- Explains that hyperarousal symptoms are increases in emotion by the individual. a victim of robbery can develop anxiety disorder and have poor concentration and appetite.
- Explains that group therapy addresses stigmatization of having a disorder, isolation, and alienation that is caused by ptsd.
- Explains that scientists are working on new research methods to develop new treatments and preventive ways for the disorder.
- States foa, keane, friedman, and cohen, j. a. (2000). effective treatments for ptsd: practice guidelines from the international society for traumatic stress studies.
2178 wordsRead More - Trauma Essayanalytical essayAccording to the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (2006), a child’s response to traumatic stress can fluctuate dependent on their age, however many children present with indicators of significant distress. Some of these indicators may include disrupted sleep, challenges paying attention and concentrating, anger and irritability, withdrawal, repeated and intrusive thoughts, and acute distress when presented with any reminders of the traumatic event. Psychiatric disorders including posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and behavioral disorders may also develop in children and adolescents experiencing traumatic stress. Although some children manage adversity and appear to “bounce back (National Childhood Traumatic Stress Network, 2006),” experiencing traumatic events can significantly impact a child or adolescent’s development leading to long-term consequences. Those children and adolescents who experience repeated exposure to traumatic events can be effected biologically as trauma influences the brain and nervous system, therefore influencing academics, engagement in high risk behavior and family and peer relationships (National Child Traumatic Stress Network, 2006).” According to the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (2006), “traumatic stress can cause increased use of health and mental health services and increased involvement with the child welfare and juvenile justice
In this essay, the author
- Explains that children can experience trauma in two different ways. the first is through acute traumatic events, which can evoke feelings of terror, horror, or helplessness.
- Explains that exposure to traumatic events or situations can result in child trauma stress. psychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and behavioral disorders may also develop in children and adolescents.
- Explains that the northwestern juvenile project's results suggest substantial psychiatric morbidity among juvenile detainees.
- Explains that the prevalence of many psychiatric disorders was highest among non-hispanic white youth despite minority youth in our juvenile justice system.
- Analyzes the systematic review and metaregression analysis of twenty-five surveys regarding mental disorders among adolescents in juvenile detention and correctional facilities.
- Explains the american academy of child and adolescent psychiatry's practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of youth in juvenile detention and correctional facilities.
994 wordsRead More - Post Traumatic Stress Disorderexplanatory essayAfter returning from the war or the traumatic experience, many people fail to realize that these victims suffer from depression, anxiety, and anger. Their reaction is categorized by frequent symptoms including reliving the traumatic event and emotional distress. PTSD is diagnosed if the person has been clinically distressed or impaired in any sort of function. Sy...
In this essay, the author
- Explains bender, david l., and bruno leone. war and human nature: opposing viewpoints.
- Describes wagner's "for veterans, the war lingers." n.p., 10 aug. 2009.
- Explains that ptsd was first taken seriously when the vietnam veterans returned from the war.
- Explains foa, edna b. and mitchell, jacqueline s., "3 things to know about ptsd."
1138 wordsRead More - Posttraumatic Stress Disorderexplanatory essayPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be a very serious and debilitating condition that occurs after a person has been exposed to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical danger happened or was threatened. The kinds of traumatic events triggering PTSD in people include violent personal assaults (rape, mugging), natural disasters (hurricanes, tornadoes), man-made disasters (bombings), accidents or military combat. People who suffer from PTSD often relive the experience through nightmares and flashbacks, have difficulty sleeping, and feel detached or estranged, and these symptoms can be severe enough and last long enough to significantly impair a person’s daily life. PTSD is a complicated illness by the act that it frequently occurs in conjunction with related disorders such as depression, substance abuse, problems of memory and cognition, and other problems of physical and mental health.
In this essay, the author
- Explains the stressor criterion, intrusive recollection, avoidant/numbing, hyper-arousal, duration, and functional significance of ptsd.
- Explains the many therapeutic approaches offered to ptsd patients in foa, keane, and freidman's book on treatment.
- Explains that posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is a serious and debilitating condition that occurs after exposure to traumatic events.
- Explains that exposure therapy is a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy that is unique to trauma treatment.
- Explains that lifetime events and posttraumatic stress disorder in 4 postconflict settings are evidence for diagnostic validity and methods of psychological assessment.
1272 wordsRead More - Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )analytical essayPosttraumatic Stress Disorder, more commonly known as PTSD, is a mental disorder that produces anxiety through the experience of life threatening situations, such as terrorist incidents, natural disasters, military combat, physical or sexual abuse as a child, and serious accidents that could result in a death of a close friend or family member (What is PTSD? 1). PTSD patients will have symptoms that will develop stress reactions. As time progresses, the symptoms may get worse and will not go away on their own. Major symptoms produce a negative change in beliefs and feelings. Such symptoms include aggressive behavior, feelings of detachment, inability to converse the experienced trauma, distorted blame, a negative outlook on the world and on others, and crucial trust issues (Symptoms of PTSD 1). In addition to these symptoms, patients may also experience additional disorders such as depression, drug abuse, and physical or mental difficulties for the rest of their lives. They will most likely be impaired of the ability to function socially with friends, strangers, or even family (What is PTSD? 1). Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial for the patient to avoid long-term symptoms. But, many people can go years without seeking treatment or knowing of their condition (What is PTSD? 1). Usually, symptoms begin to occur following the traumatic event, but PTSD cannot be diagnosed until there is a disturbance in everyday life or there has been a showing of symptoms for at least a month (PTSD: National Center for PTSD 1). With time, PTSD can be treated with psychotherapy and antidepressant medications, but can not be completely cured (What is PTSD? 1). PTSD presents several symptoms that are clearly portrayed through Holden Caulfield in ...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that ptsd is a mental disorder that produces anxiety through life-threatening situations, such as terrorist incidents, natural disasters, military combat, physical or sexual abuse, and serious accidents.
- Explains that aggressive behavior is the most common symptom of ptsd and can create serious problems in a patient's life.
- Explains that feeling of detachment from others is a form of isolation from society and its people. holden isolated himself from the other students at pencey prep during the football game.
- Analyzes how holden shared the stories of allie and his baseball mitt to only one person outside of his family, jane gallagher. trust is a big issue in ptsd patients.
- Explains that distorted blame occurs when the patient feels remorse about the traumatic event and believes it was their fault.
- Opines that when they get very depressed, they keep saying to allie, "okay, go home and get your bike and meet me in front of bobby's house. hurry up."
- Opines that holden's mistreatment of allie haunted him after he died. he thought it would have been better to treat him while alive.
- Explains that a negative outlook on the world and others is another common symptom of ptsd.
- Analyzes how holden portrays ptsd patients' belief that the world is menacing and nobody can be trusted. they can go their entire life without anyone but themselves.
- Explains that ptsd is a mental disorder that produces anxiety through the experience of life threatening situations. early diagnosis and treatment is crucial in order for the patient to avoid long-term symptoms.
1349 wordsRead More - Post-Traumatic Stress Disorderexplanatory essayPost-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a somewhat new title for a condition that has affected combat veterans throughout the history of warfare. Studying the evolution of PTSD allows us to learn how we can better support individuals, specifically United States military veterans, who are affected by this disorder today. Through the history of treating this disorder, new treatments were discovered and ways to handle the symptoms. The psychiatric community is still learning about PTSD and the harmful effects of having the disorder.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is a relatively new title for the condition that has affected combat veterans throughout the history of warfare. the psychiatric community is still learning about ptsd and the harmful effects of having it.
- Explains that post-traumatic stress disorder is addressed in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders as an anxiety disorder.
- Explains that ptsd is an anxiety disorder set off by traumatic experiences and affects one in five of the 2.6 million service members who have deployed to iraq or afghanistan since 2001.
- Explains how the symptoms of deteriorating psychological state of troops can be found from the accounts of the battle of marathon and the infamous spartan stand at thermopylae.
- Explains that the dsm-5 classifies ptsd as a "disorder," which has negative cogitation about it. soldiers coming back from conflict often carry bad memories which contribute to them experiencing trouble while attempting to reestablish themselves into the civilian sector.
- Explains that military personnel coming home from war are reluctant to discuss their experiences from overseas. suicidal thoughts are commonplace with our war veterans today, but we have a long way to go.
- Explains that there are several treatments for ptsd, including cognitive behavioral therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, group therapy and family therapy.
1428 wordsRead More - Overview of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)analytical essayOverview of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Description and History Trauma and stress has been a part of the human condition since we evolved as a species. A “fight-or-flight” response to trauma and stress is a healthy reaction that is meant to protect us from danger. Whether from a saber tooth tiger attack, combat, or a terrorist attack, such events will certainly produce similar psychological effects. However individuals who develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may continue to feel tormented when they are no longer in danger. PTSD is not a new concept and we can see indication of this disorder as far back as The Bible (the Book of Job), the Mahabharata, Shakespeare and Charles Dickens.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that trauma and stress have been part of the human condition since we evolved as a species. however, individuals who develop posttraumatic stress disorder may continue to feel tormented when they are no longer in danger.
- Explains that the apa added ptsd to the third edition of its diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm-iii).
- Analyzes how max klein survived a plane crash that killed almost everyone on board, including his friend and business partner. he disassociated his fears and encapsulated them in an unconscious compartment.
- Recommends this film as an example of ptsd, but not necessarily as a “must watch.”
- Explains that the dsm-v was revised to the diagnostic criteria of ptsd. the criterion requires being explicit as to whether qualifying traumatic events were directly, witnessed, or experienced indirectly.
- Explains that up to 92% of people with ptsd also have another psychological disorder, such as depression, other anxiety disorders, or substance abuse.
- Explains that ptsd runs in families, and genetics play a role in the development of anxiety disorders. the concordance rate is twice as high for monozygotic twins.
- Explains that ptsd is associated with the depletion of serotonin in the neural synapses. medications such as prozac, luvox, and zoloft are the choice for anxiety disorders.
- Opines that the film did a great job of portraying ptsd, stating that it is misleading to portray an ‘off switch’ cure.
- Analyzes how the moments that held the most impact were when max spoke about his death or already being dead.
- Explains balibey, hakan, and adem balikci's "travma sonras stres bozukluu tanl hastada göz hareketleri le
- Explains the history of post-traumatic stress disorder in the british journal of psychiatry.
1821 wordsRead More - Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Causes Symptoms and Effectsexplanatory essay78, 921. Seventy eight thousand, nine hundred and twenty one. This is the number of soldiers wounded or killed in action, received an amputation, or suffered from a Traumatic Brain Injury during Operation Iraqi Freedom or Operation Enduring Freedom. What this number does not include are the 39,365 cases of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (more commonly known as PTSD). (Department 2009) Although we usually think of war injuries as being physical, one of the most common war injuries is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and the effects can be devastating to a redeploying soldier who has come in contact with severely traumatic experiences.
In this essay, the author
- Lists the number of soldiers wounded or killed in action, received an amputation, or suffered from traumatic brain injury during operation iraqi freedom or enduring freedom.
- Explains that ptsd is an anxiety disorder in which patients who have experienced frightening, threatening, or traumatic situations show signs of avoidance and hyper arousal. the dsm iv catalogs all psychological illnesses and provides symptoms and definitions to diagnose disorders.
- Explains that ptsd has many causes, all surrounding the broader category of traumatic experiences. it can occur in accident and disaster survivors, and sexual assault victims.
- Explains that ptsd could be a possible cause of the disease. people with the disorder show changes in moods and behaviors, including intense anger or irritability.
- Explains that it is important to talk about the internal symptoms of the disorder after explaining the outward signs. the most common symptom is a persistent reexperience of traumatic event causing problems with sleep.
- Opines that post-traumatic stress disorder is prevalent in the military, and that something needs to be done.
- Explains that treatment is tricky in any psychological disorder. many people do not believe psychological disorders exist, but they must be viewed as an illness of the brain, not a concocted means for attention.
- Explains that psychotherapy has many sub-categories that differ depending on the clinical perspective of the practicing psychologist.
- Explains that research continues to be done in hopes of decreasing the number of soldiers suffering from the horrible disorder. brain imaging, and gene studies are trying to pinpoint the cause of the disease and who is most at risk.
- Opines that post-traumatic stress disorder is becoming more prominent among the armed forces that protect this country. the way we treat our veterans is unacceptable, and efforts need to be made sooner rather than later.
- Cites the department of defense's report rs21578, iraq: u.s. casualties, by susan g. chesser.
- Explains myers, david g. psychology. 7th ed. new york: worth, 2004.
- Describes the causes, symptoms, treatment and diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd) by medicine net, inc.
- Describes mayo clinic medical information and tools for healthy living for post-traumatic stress disorder.
1395 wordsRead More - The Epidemic of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)analytical essayThe human brain is extremely complex, top scientists and surgeons still struggle to comprehend how it works. The way that the brain can process information and help a person to problem solve is amazing, but another part of the brain can hold memories. Some are good--like a memory of a family vacation or of family holidays--but there are also frightening memories that can haunt a person until his or her death, if they don’t get help. For a very long time researchers have focused on combatant PTSD, for very good reason, but now a problem has risen among civilians, and they have not been focused on the growth of PTSD right here in regular everyday people’s lives. Not just soldiers can be affected; civilian men, women, and children can be affected by the things they see every day. It can be the paramedic that is first on the scene or it could be the child who watches a robbery goes wrong and a loved one is caught in the cross-fire. Either way these people are all just as important to the american society as the soldiers.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the human brain is complex, but memories can haunt a person until their death if they don't get help. researchers have focused on combatant ptsd, for good reason.
- Opines that the military should help soldiers who suffer from ptsd, but there are limited research papers on the civilian side.
- Explains that ptsd is defined as extreme terror, horror, or even when a person feels hopeless. children can have worse reactions to situations like domestic violence.
- Explains that adults with chronic non-combatant ptsd took more action than children, and that over fifty percent thought about suicide, while just under ten percent attempted suicide.
- Explains that emergency situations, such as natural disasters, crashes or accidents, can trigger ptsd. psychologists asked 56 paramedics about what they see on a daily basis and how it affects them.
- Explains that domestic violence can create more mental health problems than originally thought. treatment options aren't all effective and can be time-consuming.
- Explains that a 1991 study found that the younger the child was, the smaller the impact the incident had on them.
- Explains that love146, the abolitionist group of sex slavery, has some experience in helping the survivors get over their ptsd.
- Explains how love146 creates round homes for sex slaves to live in and promote healing and wellness.
- Explains that sexual abuse can cause ptsd to children, and that it can also cause them to lack social skills and health.
- Analyzes how kids feel shame and anger when they see their mom, dad, sister, or brother have their life taken from them in a robbery gone wrong.
- Explains that the journal of abnormal psychology published an article about how crime affects kids and their daily lives.
- Explains that ptsd can affect a large amount of people quickly, it only takes an hour or less for someone to become traumatized, many people from 9/11 know this all too well.
- Analyzes how an analysis on 64 kids and 64 adults after a school shooting gave some insight into what happens in the minds of teens and teachers after witnessing these revolting occurrences.
- Explains that school shootings can cause more emotional pain than just physical pain, especially since teens already have that hormonal imbalance that comes with being a teen.
- Opines that the facts and information about ptsd are here, now we just need to share them with the world so maybe less people will be affected by it.
- Opines that the problem will not go away until we do more to force these problems away, such as harsher penalties for things like murders.
- Opines that awareness is part of the solution we can use to help fix the problem that is ptsd. the soldier overseas, or the child sold into sex slavery, both need help to get better.
- Explains andrews, bernice, et al., predicting ptsd symptoms in victims of violent crime: the role of shame.
- Describes the results of a multisite, randomized controlled trial for children with sexual abuse-related problems.
- Analyzes evan, sarah e., corrie davis, and david dilillo’s “exposure to domestic violence: a meta-analysis of evidence.”
- Explains green, bonnie l., et al. children and disaster: age, gender, and parental effects on ptsd symptoms.
- Explains levitt, jill t., et al. the flexible application of a manualized treatment for ptsd symptoms.
- Analyzes schwarz, eitan d., and janice m. kowalski. malignant memories: ptsd in children and adults after a trauma.
3893 wordsRead More - Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapyexplanatory essayTrauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is one of the most commonly utilized interventions for children (Cary & McMillen, 2011). TF-CBT is a highly structured intervention consisting of 90-minute weekly sessions. The clinician works with the client through eight competencies, including psychoeducation, relaxation, affective expression and regulation, cognitive coping, trauma narrative development and processing, gradual exposure, joint parent/child sessions, and enhancing future development (Cary & McMillen, 2011). TF-CBT has an extensive history and many variations. Clinicians utilize a number of other cognitive behavior treatments that have been adapted to meet the needs of traumatized children (Cary, & McMillen, 2012; Smith et al., 2007). While there are a number of cognitive behavior treatments, TF-CBT has received the highest classification rating for supported and effective treatment from many studies (Cary, & McMillen, 2012; Kauffman Best Practices Project, 2004).
In this essay, the author
- Explains that emdr is a psychotherapy intervention focusing on reducing the stress related with traumatic experiences developed by dr. francine shapiro.
- Explains the protocol for emdr, which includes eight phases. the first phase begins with history taking, assessment, and developing goals.
- Explains that trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (tf-cbt) is one of the most commonly utilized interventions for children.
- Explains that play therapy provides a non-directive, nurturing environment and allows children to "play out" emotional trauma.
- Explains that many studies have evaluated the effectiveness of emdr in ptsd treatment.
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