Illiteracy: An American Tragedy

"A world-class education is the single most important factor in determining not just whether our kids can compete for the best jobs but whether America can out-compete countries around the world. America's business leaders understand that when it comes to education, we need to up our game. That's why need to work together to put an outstanding education within reach for every American child"-President Barack Obama, July 18, 2011

Literacy, or the capability to comprehend, translate, utilize, make, process, assess, and speak information connected with fluctuating settings and displayed in differing organizations, assumes an essential part in molding a young's persons trajectory in life. The ability to read speaks to a key factor of scholarly, social, and financial success (Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998). These abilities likewise speak to a fundamental segment to having a satisfying life and turning into an effective worker and overall person (Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1999). Interestingly, recent studies have demonstrated that low reading skills lead to critical hindrances in monetary and social achievement. As stated by the National Center for Education Statistics, adults with lower levels of reading skills and literacy have a lower average salary. Another study evaluated that 17 to 18 percent of adults with "below average" literacy aptitudes earned less than $300 a week, though just 3 to 6 percent of adults with "proficient" reading abilities earned less than $300 a week (Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998).

Adult illiteracy continues to be a major problem in America despite efforts made by individuals and government at all levels to address the issue through testing of literacy skills and development of literacy programs. Many adult citizens have difficulty reading

Illiteracy is detrimental to any society. First people must know what it is before the problem can be fixed. Illiteracy can be defined as the inability to read or write. Lately illiteracy has been moved up to the ability to comprehend what one reads or writes. There are 40 to 44 million adults alone in the United States that do not have the ability to comprehend words that they are reading. This is an enormous problem that can lead to even more devastating effects.

In “The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society”, Kozol writes how the illiterate people struggle in our society. Without having an education that works with the society a person lives in, English for example, it can cause multiple issues when they need to communicate with others. Kozol writes, “They cannot understand the written details on a health insurance form. They cannot read the waivers that they sign preceding surgical procedures” (189), which is just a few of the numerous examples of how these people can struggle in everyday life. With having the proper education of the society a person lives in, they will be able to be successful. It is heart wrenching to see some people are not able to communicate, especially in a dire situation. Getting an education that works with the society someone lives in will lead people being successful and feeling

Last school year, I took a college class that required hours of field experience in a high school English class. I was able to observe different English classes and different high school grade levels. What made a big impact on me was to hear some of those high school students struggling with reading more than the third grade students I was teaching that same school year. These students were expected to read and comprehend grade level text when they were reading at an elementary level. Illiteracy “is considered the blackest mark of a person’s finally in school and the greatest failure in the American school system” (Tchudi, and Tchudi 75) and there are around twenty-five million functional illiterates in the United States (75). Why are our middle school and high school students still struggling with reading? What can English/Language arts teachers do to help these struggling readers?

Kutner, M., Greenberg,E.,and Baer, J. (2005). A First Look at the Literacy of America’s Adults in

Opportunities abound to stamp out illiteracy at the federal, state, and local level. Are these enough? For those in need, maybe not. Most everyone’s needs are unique. National Family Literacy Program helps those families nationwide with literacy problems. In our own state of Florida, Governor Jeb Bush has set up the Governor’s Mentoring Initiative Program which has helped over 9,000 adults and children improve their reading programs.

Although Literacy is not just the ability to be able to read and write however it involves comprehension and understanding, it enables people to deal with change and with unfamiliar contexts. According to IALS, “While most people can read, the real question is whether their reading and writing skills meet the challenge of living and working in today’s society”. For example every time a person goes to a store in order to buy some food, he or she will notice some labels in the back of the product that states how much calorie, protein, fat, and etc is in that food. But the question is how many of those people understand the meaning of those numbers? Unfortunately, it is a fact that not only in Canada, but in every single country in the world, people with low literacy levels has a major negative impact on their health. As the technical appendix the Report on the Health of Canadians indicates; “self-rated health status is a good predictor of the presence of more objectively measure health problems as well as health care ut...

Low health literacy costs the U.S. more than $58 billion annually, and is associated with an increase in preventable hospital visits and admissions. Annual health care costs for an individual with low health literacy is four times higher than someone with adequate health literacy. (Centers for Health Care Strategies, 2013). According to the Centers for Health Care Strategies (2013), populations at a higher risk for low health literacy include racial and ethnic minorities, those with less than a high school degree, the elderly, and those who have chronic health conditions like congestive heart failure

In his essay “The Human fee of an Illiterate Society,” Jonathan Kozol addresses the challenges that people who 're functionally illiterate face on an everyday basis, and posits the argument that society at significant suffers from this concern as good. For illustration, Kozol mentions the fact that many of these people vote blindly or do not vote at all in elections, concluding that their uninformed votes could have influenced the elected officials who took place of business. He offers sobering facts, corresponding to the truth that 60 million men and women that were functionally illiterate in 1980, and provides first-hand quotes from a few of those affected. His article

Very few adults are completely illiterate; they simply fall into the lower levels of literacy. Between 21 and 23 percent of the adult population or approximately 44 million people, according to the National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS...

Although there are many programs in place with missions that include an aim to raise the rate of literacy in America, the number of effective programs is relatively slim. There are various challenges to educational and literacy development. In low-income communities the most prevalent obstacles to combating illiteracy are “the negative image on part of the educated and gainfully employed towards low-income communities” (Wadden & Fagan, n.d.). This creates a lack of understanding of the community which stems from baggage from school experiences, limited funds, single parent responsibilities, and a lack of identity with the more privileged community.

Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, the American educational system has undergone much transition in response to our changing society. Though there have been many problems raised throughout the years in regard to what our school systems should be teaching our children, there have also been many developments.

Finding a definition of literacy is not as easy as it sounds. The Webster definition says that to be literate is to be” able to read and write.” But to some researchers, this definition is too simplistic, leading to multiple models of literacy. Most Americans adhere to the autonomous model, which falls closest to the standard, dictionary definition. Believers in this form say that literacy is a cognitive activity that students learn like any other basic skill. It has a set of proficiencies that one must master in order to be capable of decoding and encoding text (Alvermann, 2009; SIL International, 1999). A competing theory is the ideological model, which claims literacy is intrinsically linked to culture, and therefore what constitutes a “literate” individual is ever-changing. Society is the largest influence on literacy, according to this thought, and it is affected by politics, religion, philosophy and more (Alvermann, 2009; SIL International, 1999). These two are just the tip of the iceberg. For example, some studies recognize “literacy as competence,” which is a “measure of competence to do a given task or work in a given field,” (SIL International, 1999) such as being computer literate. Although more researchers are recognizing and exploring multiple literacies, the one that most influences American schools is the autonomous, cognitive model – the ability to read and write. For many, it seems a simple task, but millions of adolescents are struggling or reluctant readers, and there are many reasons why young readers have difficulty with reading. XXXXXX------NEED HELP WITH THESIS STATEMENT HERE PLEASE—(This paper will focus on the effects of low reading skills, some of the possible causes of reluctant and struggling readership...