When presented with the question ‘What is the effect of the rock type (Igneous, Metamorphic, or Sedimentary), on the amount of water absorbed, when one rock from each group in placed in water,’ I hypothesised that the sedimentary rock would absorb the most water because sedimentary rocks are known to have a greater porosity than metamorphic or igneous rocks. That being said, most sedimentary rocks, have more free space, to absorb water than, most igneous and metamorphic rocks. The data collected from the collection period of this experiment, showed that the sedimentary rock they tested, which was sandstone, did absorb more liquid than the Granite (Igneous), and Marble (Metamorphic), and so my hypothesis was supported with the data collected. …show more content…
For one thing, we only used one rock from each rock group. That being said, it is entirely possible that if we had chosen a different sedimentary rock, and compared how much water it absorbed, to the Marble and Granite’s ability to absorb water, that our final results would have shown a different rock group to be able to absorb the most water. Another source of error while collecting our data is that it is possible, is that the amount of water provided for the three rock’s to absorb were different amounts. The Igneous rock could have been put in a beaker filled with 500 ml of water, where as the Sedimentary rock could have been put in a beaker with 700ml of water. This could have affected the results, as different rock’s could have been given the opportunity to absorb more water, than the other rocks. In the end, the effect of the rock type (Igneous, Metamorphic, or Sedimentary), on the amount of water absorbed, when one rock from each group in placed in water, did effect the amount of water that the rock could absorb, as the Sedimentary rock could absorb more water, because it is more
Illinois State Geological Survey, 2005, Time Talks – The Geology of Starved Rock and Matthiessen State Parks
Quartzite is a non-foliated metamorphic rock. This rock is intrusive and forms when exposed to extreme amounts of heat and pressure. Over a billion years ago, there was an ocean where Kamiak Butte is. This ocean floor was made of sand, as time went on oceans receded and the exposed sand underwent processes that turned it into sandstone – or as we learned in class the process of lithification. Years later, this sandstone would morph into the quartzite that is present now.2
This sedimentary rock has hardened over the many years with sand shells, small pebbles, grains of sand and rocks of various sizes. In comparison to our 4.5 billion year old Earth, these sand shells might as well be brand new, when in reality they could be up to 1,000 years old. If the sandstone were to be replaced with calcite it would completely change the subclass of rock, it would then be chemical & organic limestone. The variation in sand stone is due to different rates of deposition and change in patterns of the sediment movement (Mc Knight, p. 384). These tightly compacted varying stones and shells will be weathered away by wind and waves over time and could eventually be reduced to a rock the size of your hand.
Investigating the Size of Craters in Sand when a Marble is Dropped into the Sand from Different Heights
At the base there is a dry creek bed of granite that has been cut by a series of fractures. Fine black rock along these fractures is called gouge. Fault gouge is comprised of little pieces of rock that was ground upward when the fault moved. Once you go up the trail and climb past the trees to the large space of bare rock, you are on the exfoliation dome. At this point you can examine the “coarse-grained porphyritic granite that makes up the majority of Enchanted Rock”. As you examine the surface, you will see how the granite magma cut into the surrounding rocks. When this occurred over a billion years ago, the magma was a combination of very hot liquid and crystals. Once you reach the mid-point of the climb you can see to your right a boulder-covered granite hill known as “castle tor”. An area on the rock that looks like a line down the slope is called an aplite dike. Several of these cut the rock; these consist of fine-grained granite with a sugary texture and minimal biotite. Dike describes the crack where molten rock has been inserted. As you climb up the front, a section of rock has a texture change. This appears to be a Ductile Shear Zone, a long narrow change that has a more fine grain consistency.
The rock coquina is originally a sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rocks are made up of sediments. The sediments are formed by the mechanical or chemical activities of the natural activities like running water, blowing wind, glaciers etc. this which causes disintegration and decomposition of the pre-existing rocks. The products of decay are transported to some depositional sites by the natural agencies, where they get deposited and with subsequent compaction form sedimentary rocks (Hefferan, O’Brien, 2010). . The sedimentary rocks usually accumulate under a great variety of conditions. This shows the variation in rock, chemical structure as well as in texture. Weathering is the most important process that operates in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Weathering takes place by three methods as: mechanical disintegration, rock decomposition, and biological weathering. Mechanical disintegration is due to frost action, thermal expansion and contraction, aided with gravitational forces. Due to mechanical disintegration, the reduction of size and desegregation of rocks takes place. Chemical weathering is the use of the chemical elements of the atmosphere such as moisture, carbon dioxide, and oxygen (Hefferan, O’Brien, 2010). . This depends on the composition of the rock and the size of the particles that make up them. Biological weathering is a form of weathering caused by growth of roots and burrowing of animals. The environment of a sedimentary rock can show the deposition the quality and quantity of the deposition is affected. Sedi¬mentary rocks differ from environment to environment. These environments include the continental environments such as estuarine, lacustrine (fresh and salt water), deltaic, glacial. Anothe...
One of the most striking features in Glacier National Park is the color banding. This feature can be seen in nearly every mountain within the park as they are composed of different layers of rocks and colors. The rock strata are mainly composed of sedimentary rocks limestones, shales, sandstones, and lightly metamorphosed rocks (Dyson,1957). These rocks all belong to a single large unit known as the Belt series. The rocks are very unusual in that they were deposited in late in the Precambrian between 1600 and 800 million years ago and are relatively undeformed and only lightly metamorphosed (Alt, 1983). The rocks can be spotted throughout the large area of western Montana, northern Idaho, and southern British Columbia. The formation of the Belt Supergroup started during the Proterozoic era as a long narrow section of North America extending from the Arctic Ocean southward which slowly sank to form a large sea-filled trough also known as a geosyncline (Dyson, 1957). Streams from nearby lands carried muds and sands into the sea almost completely filling it. These muds were eventually compressed into shales, some limestones, and sands into sandstones. Many of the rocks in this series have very distinct features that give a clue about their origin, features suc...
Darcy’s law provides an accurate description of the flow of ground water in almost all hydrogeological environments. Henri Darcy established empirically that the flux of water through a permeable formation is proportional to the distance between top and bottom of the soil column.
such as angle of impact and the range of impact absorption between land and water are ignored. While
How does the smooth mountain rock surface type affect the amount of runoff? Speculate why this happens.
Colorado is home to eleven national parks, with different stories to be told in each one! One of those parks is the Rocky Mountain National Park. In this park alone you can find all three rock types of all ages. For example, there is Silver Plume granite that “intruded upward into the metamorphic rocks about 300 million years after the formation of the Proterozoic mountains” and can be found in the eastern side of the park (“Geology resources division,” 2007). Geologist are unsure what caused this
7. Refer to Figure 22-6. What name is given to the core of the modern-day North American continent that formed in the Proterozoic?
Water hardness is the amount of calcium and magnesium dissolved in water. When water passes through ground or rocks for example limestone the calcium and magnesium is dissolved into the water thus producing hard water. Water hardness does not easily give good lather with soap. There are two types of hardness, temporary and permanent. Temporary hardness is caused by dissolved calcium and magnesium bicarbonates. Boiling the water can soften temporary hardness, by boiling, it converts the bicarbonates into insoluble carbonates. Magnesium sulphates that are very soluble and calcium sulphates that are slightly soluble cause permanent hardness. Permanent hardness cannot be precipitated.
Water covers about seventy one percent of Earth’s surface. Earth is the only planet to have stable bodies of liquid water on its surface which is crucial for all known life forms. Water is a substance which acts as a solvent in which organic compounds can mix, and it is the substance which is thought to be necessary to facilitate the formation of life. There are many forms of water which include ice, liquid, and gas. Because water can exist as a gas, it can be stored in the atmosphere and be delivered as precipitate. Water also helps regulate the climat...
Urbanization: Soil is considered as water reservoir. Urbanization acts in creating amount of impermeable surface due to construction of buildings, roads, drainage, sewage, flood relief channel etc. It reduces the amount of infiltration and percolation. Water tends to experiment the runoff process rather than infiltration. This contributes to increase in