C5048 Description: IC50: 17.4 and 13.1 µM for COX-1 and -2, respectively. Ibufenac is a dual COX-1 and -2 inhibitor. Cyclooxygenase (COX), also known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of prostanoids, such as thromboxane and prostaglandins. In vitro: Ibufenac was identified as an analog of the NSAID ibuprofen that could inhibit COX-1 and -2 activity with IC50 values of 17.4 and 13.1 µM, respectively [1]. In vivo: In a previous animal study, two new structural analogs, R3 and R4, along with their parent compounds, ibufenac and ibuprofen, were evaluated for their biopharmaceutical properties. Aanti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by topically administering drugs to inhibit inflammation induced by using either clove oil or arachidonic acid. Results showed that the rank order of activity was ibufenac approximately equal to ibuprofen > R3 approximately equal to R4 [2]. …show more content…
Ibufenac appeared to be as effective as aspirin in this respect at the dosage levels applied and its usage was associated with considerably fewer side effects
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. It is a reversible airway obstruction, occurring 8 to 10% of the population worldwide. According to a study in 2005, asthma affects over 15 million Americans, with more than 2 million annual emergency room visits. Asthma patients have a hyper-responsiveness in their airways and generally and increase in their airway smooth muscle cell mass. This hyperplasia is due to the normal response to the injury and repair to the airway caused by exacerbations. The main choice of therapy for asthma patients is β2- adrenergic agonists. Racemic albuterol has been the drug of choice for a short acting bronchodilator for a long time, but since the development of levalbuterol, there is the question of which drug is a better choice for therapy. Efficacy and cost of treatment must both be taken into consideration in each study of these therapies to determine which is best for the treatment of asthma.
Multiple studies have demonstrated the prophylactic effect of rectal declophenate (5-9) and rectal indomethacin (10, 11) or combined diclophenate and indomethacin (12), but no studies have evaluated the prophylactic effect of oral NSAIDs. On the other hand, Almeida et al demonstrated data on the ...
... which is catalyzed by b-ketoacyl CoA thiolase. The products are acetyl-CoA and a long chain fatty acyl CoA that is 2 carbons shorter than the original fatty acyl CoA. One complete round of β-oxidation cleaves 2 carbons from the fatty acid chain, and the process continues until the entire fatty acid chain is broken down into acetyl propinoyl CoA. For example, an 18 carbon chain fatty acid would need to go through 9 rounds of β-oxidation in order to be completely metabolized.
Aspirin contains the substance acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), which can relieve inflammation, fever, pain, and known as a “blood thinner”. Aspirin was not officially trademarked until March 6, 1899 when the Imperial Office of Berlin made it official. It has been used for the last 110 years, but its natural form, salicylic acid has been around for thousands by Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. Aspirin is available in over 80 countries and known as the best non-prescription drug. The most common use of aspirin is to cure headaches and use it as a pain reliever, but aspirin is known to prevent heart attack and strokes. It was first proposed in 1940, but wasn’t confirmed until 1970 when doctors would recommend taking aspirin daily [1].
Osteoarthritis is not a curable condition, but it can be treated using both pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods. Mild analgesics are a common form of treatment for OA, including Acetaminophen and NSAIDs, taking into consideration other co-morbidities that may be present. It is recommended that adults over 75 years of age utilize topical NSAIDs rather than oral for treatment of the pain (Tugwell et al, 2012). Research by A...
In the late 1800’s it was discovered that papa-amino-phenol, could reduce fever, but the drug was too toxic to use. A less toxic extract called phenacetin was later found to be just as effective but also had pain-relieving properties. In 1949, it was learned that phenacetin was metabolized into an active but also less toxic drug, acetaminophen. Since then, acetaminophen has been sold under many over the counter brand names, most popular being Tylenol.
The topic of this article is medication error related to chemotherapy drugs. Forty percent of medication errors have been related to chemotherapy drugs. It is imperative that the nurses are properly trained on these medications and fully understand what is being administered before giving it to the patient as well as know what the proper dose is before administering anything to the patient. More importantly the nurse must pay close attention to their patient’s response to the chemotherapy given to the patient or it could lead to a serious injury or death.
Davies NM, Reynolds JK, Undeberg MR, Gates BJ, Ohgami Y, Vega-Villa KR. Minimizing risks of NSAIDs: cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and renal. Expert Rev Neurother. 2006 Nov;6(11):1643-55.
NIH, National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2015). Cyclothymic Disorder, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Web. 22 July 2015. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002517
In the use of Cinqair hypersensitivity to drug/class/components, status asthmaticus, acute asthma, acute bronchospasm, caution in long term corticosteroid usage. I would need to make sure that the patient do not have any drug interactions with this medication. People take so many different medications these days to control so many different things. There are no drug interactions known currently. This is a very new medication so that doesn’t mean that there will not be drug interactions that come to the light as usage becomes more popular. We need to advise our patients that there are possible side effects to taking this medication. Cinqair can cause serious side effects including breathing problems paleness, flushing, skin rash (hives)itching, swelling of your face, lips, mouth, or tongue, symptoms of low blood pressure (fainting, dizziness, light headedness, confusion, fast heart beat) nausea or abdominal discomfort. The most common side effects in clinical trials for Cinqair included anaphylaxis, cancer, and muscle pain (P. N. 2013, June 03). Drugs can have what is known as black box warning labels and Cinqair is one that does care this label. Black box warning anaphylaxis occurred in 0.3% of patients in placebo-controlled studies. We need to observe our patients for a suitable period after
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) 500 mg, 1-2 tablets 4 hourly PRN: Analgesic with limited anti-inflammatory activity (Woo & Wynne, 2011, p. 887). Used to reduce the pain of
More and more we learn that by taking ibuprofen we subject ourselves to serious health conditions like heart attack or stroke. Yet, at one time or another, most of us has popped ibuprofen or administered it to a loved one to relieve pain or bring down a fever. Although no one should ever have to suffer pain, you’re certainly not limited to taking dangerous pharmaceuticals. There are alternatives for ibuprofen — and nature has the answer.
Background Information Aspirin is an analgesic (pain relieving) and an antipyretic drug (a drug that lowers body temperature). The main constituent of aspirin is 2 - ethanoythydroxybenzoic acid, also known as acetylsalicyclic acid (shown below right). It was originally made from just salicylic acid (which is found in the bark of a willow tree) when used by the Ancient Greeks to counter fever and pain, but its bitterness and tendency to irritate the stomach caused problems. These were resolved by the German chemist Felix Hoffman, who made the acetyl derivative of salicylic acid in the
·Ibuprofen (propionic acid) is an anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic. It is often used to treat arthritis, dental pain, menstrual pain, headache, migraine, and back pain. Ibuprofen works by reducing the levels of prostaglandis (substances that cause pain) in the body. This drug is gentler on the stomach than aspirin. The molecular formula of ibuprofen is C13H18O2. Some examples of ibuprofen are Motrin, Advil, and Nuprin.
...armaceutical drugs. Thus, some concludes that it is far better to take herbs for it may cause fewer side effects. But taking medicines even if it is herbal should always pair up with care. That is why it is an edge to know more about herbal medicines (The Herbal Drugstore 11-14).