Abtract:
The protein collagen has been sought after for its many industrial and medical applications. Usually collagen is extracted from bovine sources; the search is on to extract it from the vast unutilized marine resources. Acid soluble collagen was isolated from skin, arms and visceral organs of Octopus areolatus. This particular species was found in abundance but commercially unworthy. It is also a popular catch used as fish bait. FTIR analysis show characteristic peak. SDS –PAGE confirmed it as Type I collagen.
Keywords: Acid soluble collagen, Octopus areolatus, SDS-PAGE, FTIR.
INTRODUCTION:
Collagen is the most abundant protein found in the animal kingdom. It is the major extracellular protein that serves as a main constituent of many connective tissues and gives cells structure from the outside. It constitute about 20% - 30% of total protein content in mammals (Harkness , 1961) .It is a fibrous structural protein of low immunogenicity. Collagen fibres are in built in tissues of all important organs of the body. It has a great tensile strength and widely distributed in all parts such as cartilage, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels, teeth, cornea (crystalline form) but it is especially concentrated in skin associated tissues and bones.
Collagen as a skin supporting albumen provides proper tension and wetness of the skin and its degradation leads to wrinkles that accompany aging. It is responsible for connectivity, elasticity and firmness of the skin and other tissues. It strengthens blood vessels and play an important role in tissue development.
...
... middle of paper ...
...trimer of two identical α1 chains and one α2 chain.
Lane 1- ASC Visceral mass
Lane 2- ASC Arms and head
Lane 3- ASC Mantle
FTIR spectra of ASC arms:
WAVELENGTH (Cm-1) BONDS
3293 Amide A band ( free N-H stretching vibration this range)
1645.45 Amide I band
1543.3 Amide II band
1450.17
1399.55
1242.91
Amide III band
UV- VISIBLE SPECTRA OF ASC ARMS:
Usually collagen absorb UV light between 220-240 nm. Tyrosine and Phenylalanine are sensitive chromopores and absporb uv light at 283 nm and 251 nm (Liu & Liu , 2006).
CONCLUSION:
Collagen was isolated from marine source Ocotpus areolatus using acid soluble method. FT-IR peaks confirm the presence of collagen. Whereas SDS- PAGE and UN-VIS spectra shows that the protein structure remains intact. Therefore ASC collagen from Ocotpus is the most effective alternative source.
Collagen is a tough fibrous protein that plays an essential role in binding, holding together, strengthening, and providing elasticity to bodily cells and tissues. There are six major types of EDS that I will discuss, however I will only go into detailed discussion on two of the six types of EDS. The two major types of EDS are Classical EDS and Hypermobile EDS. These two types make up 90% of all EDS cases. I will discuss the general symptoms of these two types along with pathology, then diagnostic factors, and the different treatments for this disorder (Smith).
No obvious boundaries are observed between the two distinct materials, tendon and bone. Type I collagen and tenocytes are highly aligned in tendon. In uncalcified fibrocartilage, where collagen type II is of great content, along with rich type III collagen and small amount of type X collagen, decorin, and aggrecan. Similarly, with a great amount of type II collagen, the mineralized cartilage presents significant amounts of collagen type X and scarce levels of aggrecan. Note that the collagen fibers are highly aligned in the direction of tensile force in tendon but less oriented in the insertion site (Figure 2).[4, 19] Additionally, the insertion site possesses a transitional decrease in tissue organization while an increase in mineral content.[4] The complex collagen and mineralization content in this region lead the repair and rehabilitation of tendon-to-bone insertion site more
Kuballa A. & Elizur, A. 2007. Novel molecular approach to study moulting in crustaceans. Fisheries Research Agency Bulletin, Vol. 20, pp. 53-57
It regulates the ratio between epithelial cells and collagen fibers as well as changes in their morphology. The imbalance of collagen metabolism and its arrangement is attributed to many factors which result in increased synthesis of collagen by fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which in turn inhibit the activity of collagenase, leading to extensive scar hyperplasia. Matrix changes, mainly changes in fibronectin and mucopolysaccharides, result in scar stiffness. MEBO Scar Ointment can accelerate the re-arrangement of twisted collagen andreduce proliferation of fibroblasts, thus restricting scar hyperplasia. [11,13,14,15 ,21] The accumulation and synthesis of mucopolysaccharide can also be reduced once local tissues are compressed, thus reducing generation of collagen and the corresponding scar tissue. [11] Moreover, massaging the MEBO Scar ointment onto old scars can potentially reduce blood supply within scars, decrease synthesis of collagenous fiber, and,reduce α2-M (alpha 2-macroglobulin) globulin of collagenase in serum which facilitates collagenase activity and speeds up disintegration of collagen in old scars,this facility by applying MEBO scar ointment .
Bone contains an inorganic component composed of mineral salts, primarily calcium and potassium, and an organic component made of collagen, a complex protein that is found in various forms in bone and other connective tissues. According to Wolff’s Law, bone is capable of adjusting its strength in proportion to the amount of stress placed on it. When young, healthy people participate in exercise programs for extended periods of time, their bones can become more dense through increased deposition of mineral salts and the number of collagen fibers. On the other hand, if bones are not subjected to mechanical stresses, as in individuals with sedentary lifestyle or
After the skin, there is a layer called the dermis. The dermis is a broad layer of fibrous and elastic tissue (made mostly of fibrillin, elastin, and collagen) which gives the skin its flexibility and strength. The dermis incorporates nerve endings, sweat glands and oil glands, hair follicles, and blood
Collagen is a family of fibrous proteins in the body and could be described as the glue that helps hold your body together. Your body actually produces more than 20 different kinds of collagen but only three of them are what make up about eighty to ninety percent of all the collagen present. However, as you age, the production of collagen in your body naturally slows down which causes you to experience the signs of aging and other age related health issues.
Redwan, El-Rashdy M. "Animal-Derived Pharmaceutical Proteins." Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry 30.3 (2009): 262-90. Web.
Whitaker, David J, Rachael King, and David Knott. "Jellyfish." Sea Science. Web. 7 Jan. 2014. .
The blue-ringed octopus uses an interesting technique to ward off its predators. Utilizing aposematic coloring (a warning mechanism), this creature can let other animals know to stay away. The tiny cephalopod bears about sixty bright blue rings, appearing as a pattern on its dermal covering. When these rings flash, one can tell that the octopus has been threatened. Although this tropical marine creature may generally be calm, when it is agitated, it can bite with its beak and inject tetrodotoxin into the blood stream. This venom can quickly kill an adult human. Typically, the blue-ringed octopus, or Hapalochlaena Lunulata, resides among rocks and shells on the ocean floor and exhibits a camouflaged appearance (Mathger et al., 2012). However, its skin contains many more interesting structures that allow it to have such a distinct presentation.
Melanin helps reduce the absorption of wavelengths into the skin (Chaplin, Jablonski, 59). The more melanin in the skin, the greater the protection against harmful UV rays, and the amount of melanin in the skin correlates with the skin’s color (more melanin means darker skin)....
Have you ever wanted to slap eight people at once? Or if you're more of a mushy, touchy, feely person, have you ever wanted to hug eight people at once? An octopus can do either or both of these if they want to! So you know an octopus is lucky being able to do this but what's an octopuses habitat? Since they can slap eight things at once do they have predators? Or since we're on the facty facts subject where do they live?
The octopus is in the phylum Molluska. It is under Molluska because the octopus has a soft body (mollus meaning soft), and is a cephalopod. It also has bilateral symmetry. (Kalupa, 2012)
In its nature, collagen is like the backbone of the skin and is responsible for its elasticity and structure. It’s also responsible for replacement of dead skin cells with new ones giving the skin a radiant
Polyacrylamide gels are commonly used for protein separation by virtue of being chemically inert , easy staining with silver nitrate and Coomassie blue dye (dyes such as agarose stain completely prevented the identification of species in the electrophoretogram ) , the pores are easyly adjustable through control of acrylamide and bis- acrylamide are polymers that form the gel.