WHY PEOPLE TRAVEL: INTEGRATION OF THE FRAMEWORKS
Rational for the Integrated Frameworks
The theories presented in the literature section have been widely accepted in the tourism motivation and behavior studies. However, this paper will examine the tourist behavior based on the three theories/ frameworks, namely travel personality, travel career pattern, and strangeness and familiarity of tourist experiences. The selection of the integrated models are based on several reasons. Firstly, personality (Plog, 1974, 2001) is one of the main determinants of tourist behavior (Holden, 2005). Secondly, Cohen’s tourist typology are similar to those of Plog’s model in which organized and individual mass tourist (institutionalized tourists) can be attached to dependables, and explorers and drifters (non-institutionalized tourists) into venturers (Tofujay, 2013). Thirdly, Pearce’s (1988) five levels of needs can be applied to evaluate the changes of tourists’ needs by integrating the life-cycle stages, personality model and tourist experiences (Holden, 2005). Fourthly, tourists’ behavior studies generally only use a single theory and tested independently. Thus the integrated framework may enrich the study in understanding tourists’ behavior.
Choice of Destination
Understanding choice of destination is viewed as a critical factor for tourism researchers/ scholars, marketers, and destination planner (Moscardo, Morrison, Pearce, Lang, & O’Leary, 1996; Hsu, Tsai, & Wu, 2009). Those authors argued that a destination choice is influenced by the image of a destination perceived by travelers based on three concepts: the setting, the activities, and perceptions. The findings can be obtained through market segmentation and travel motivation researc...
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In Jamaican Kincaid essay “The Ugly Tourist”, Kincaid argues that the reason why people choose to visit other parts of the world is because of “banality and boredom”. People travel for several reasons some being business, celebration and personal pleasure. Therefore, it can be argued that people travel for self-appreciation and new perspectives.
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Visiting Friends and Relatives tourism is mainly discussed and linked to one of the major motivations of travel- pleasure and business. Tourists who are usually involved this form of tourism regard themselves as ‘pleasure’ or ‘vacation tourists’ (Griffin, 2014). The concept of VFR travel is sometimes referred to as ‘ethnic tourism (Jackson, 1990; Morrison et al., 2000; Feng and Page, 2002; Hu and Morrison, 2002; Butler, 2003, Poet et al., 2004; Barnett et al., 2010). Since VFR travellers involved in different activities when they visit their original place of stay, a feeling of nostalgia can lead them to travel and connect with the part and for this reason why VFR travel is linked to ethnic tourism. It is crucial to understand the VFR travel
For many tourists, travelling to experience different cultures equates to cultural tourism. For these travellers, encountering different cultures is synonymous with a cultural tourism experience. They consume the different sights, sounds, tastes, and smells of an unfamiliar culture. On the other hand, academics and tourism marketers define cultural tourism as a discrete product category that is differentiated from other tourism activities or attractions by consumption of a destination’s tangible and intangible cultural heritage (Hall and MacArthur, 1998; Leask and Yeoman, 1999; Richards, 1996; Shackley,
For the introduction, brief information regarding my purchase and the travel and tourism industry is presented. It was then followed by the explanation of the 2 chosen theories from two different chapters.
According to the research of Conference Delegate Expenditure Survey in 1998, nearly 40%of business travelers will return to the destinations which they have enjoyed in their business trip before, with their family members as leisure
Sharpley (ibid) noticed from previous works that extrinsic motivation could result from an internalisation of external values, norms and pressures, which in time could become psychological needs. Factors such as work environment and its threefold relationship with tourism (travel to compensate what i...
Consumer behavior incorporates certain activities, decisions or experiences, which satisfy the needs of the consumers. It concerns all the activities that incorporate consuming, obtaining and product disposing of that precedes and carry out these actions (Darling, 2015). The Consumer behavior remains one of the important areas for research in the tourism and marketing fields in terms of travel behavior or the behavior of tourist (Rid, Ezeuduji & Pröbstl-Haider 2014). There are a few comprehensive literature reviews on the behavior of consumer typically described his injurious area with the help of the existing models or concepts of Consumer Behavior. There are exceptions in the insights of the authors who give the review about
During the past few decades, traveling has greatly increased. Purposes of travel vary, some travel for business, some for leisure,
When people travel to a destination, they sure have some motivation to motivate them to make the decision. ‘Motivation’ is the key term that will make the tourist to consider the reason to travel around. During the decision making process, people will consider some of the reasons before they confirm travel to a destination. The research that has conducted in The Netherland found out a remarkably high propensity to travel, 70% of the populations are taking one holiday per year and 24% was taking two holidays per year for holiday. Some of the people will affect their decision making by looking at destination image or some of the impact advertising. On the internet, business people will use image and advertising to attract tourist to travel to the destination by using image that they edit before. This is part of the marketing to promote their country to tourist. For family traveler, they will consider the distance and transportation travel to the destination. When go for travel, tourist will bring the whole family to travel. Then, they will consider old people who travel long journey are very hard for them. If one of the family members are senior citizen, they need to consider their healthy. Some of the senior citizen cannot take long journey, such as they have sickness. Bring children go for holiday also need to be consider. Some of the children will afraid of the highest in the plane, so they will feel uncomfortable. There is plenty of reason need to consider before making any decision to travel. For understanding tourist motivation and decision making is for two main reason, planning consideration and economic consideration. (Page & Connell, 2009) Before the tourist travel to a destination, they need to think about culture, climat...
"…brings into contact people from different nations, socioeconomic classes, and ethnicities." (p. 2) As such, the authors argue that historical studies of tourism reveal human interaction that is "both pleasurable and profitable as well as exploitative and depleting."
Tourism is affected by the stakeholders with whom the destinations are established or the areas that are attempting to attract tourists. The customer stakeholder needs to seek out destinations and packages that appeal to their desires than accepting predetermined vacation packages. The stakeholder’s in the tourism industry need to work together to avoid miscommunication and enhance packages that appeal to clients requests. All the