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essay on the influence of aristotle
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Hypatia of Alexandria was born in 370 A.D. (although some discrepancies show that she may have actually been born around 355 A.D.). What little is known of her life has come from letters and correspondences, since all of her work had been burned shortly after her death.
Her father was Theon, a well-known mathematician and philosopher. It is argued that he may be one of the most educated men to come out of Alexandria. he raised Hypatia in an environment of culture and learning. He wanted to raise her as “the perfect human being”. Theon formed a strong bond with his daughter at an early age, and taught her all that he knew of religion, philosophy, the maths, and sciences. He also made a point to keep Hypatia in top Physical shape.
Hypatia surpassed her father’s knowledge at a very early age, and in 400 A.D, she became the head of the Platonist School of Alexandria. This school she taught mathematics, science, and philosophy.
She based most of her teachings on the works of Plotinus, who was the father of Neo-Platonism. They both believed in the ultimate reality, which states that the true reality of life lies beyond the reach of thought or language. They believed that the object in one’s life should be to strive to reach the ultimate reality, even though it was believed that people do not have the mental capacity to fully understand the ultimate reality or the consequences of its existence.
Some of Hypatia’s Philosophical views also include:
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Race is a social construct that has been used to justify the capitalization of slavery. These subtle genetic phenotypic differences have become a very crucial influence on the lives of people because it is fundamentally how they identify with themselves and with others alike. The color of the skin had become somehow synonymously intrinsic with self-worth and acceptance; moreover, dissociation and low self of esteem if views are unfavorable.
Hatshepsut was a Queen in Egypt, born in about 1507 BC. She is eldest and only surviving daughter of King Thutmose I and his chief (main) wife, Ahmose. Among to the customs, she married to her half-brother which they had a daughter together. Her husband eventually died at young age, leaving an heir, his son with his minor wife, Thutmose III. Thutmose was too young to
In the film “Race the Power of illusion” the actual genetics of what makes us different are attempted to be finally put on paper, only to find out that our exterior features do not correlate people together due to similarities and that those who may look completely different could actually be more similar than previously assumed, completely eradicating this idea of separate races. The documentary also goes into seeing why we socially divide ourselves by “race” and presents the direct issues that are conceived because of this racial segregation and attempt to divide
The biological understanding of race in the United States is that people from different places have different genetics and genes in their body, accounting for different traits in each people. These people could be grouped together by their biological traits because their similarities in genes would make them look alike. People wanted to believe that there actually were true biological differences between people. Race in the past and present (somewhat) has been categorized based on continental origin, skin color, nose structures, and hair type. To define a person’s race, someone could ask questions like: “what type of hair do they have, curly or straight? Is their skin dark or light? Are their eyes blue, brown, or black?” Based off of these
How we are seen and how we see others often affects different aspects of our lives, and the lives of others. The entire social structure that we live in is affected by at least one construction of race. However, I would like to examine the concept of race first. There is no gene that is common to all black or white people; it is not biological. If race was “real”, then racial classifications would be constant all around the world, but someone considered black in the United States might be considered white in Brazil. In addition, racial categorizations in census forms vary widely between countries and across time in the same country. It is important to note that, in 2003, as part of the Human Genome Project, researchers concluded that “3 billion base pairs of genetic letters in humans were 99.9 percent identical in every person”. Which leads me to say that race is a social construct. It is important to explore this further to better understand the capacity race has to affect other parts of life. Race is a social construction because the existence of race requires that people collectively agree and accept that it does exist. It typically works through race indicators which are used to indicate which race you are, and consequently what sort of status you have in society. The Thomas Theorem is a theory that states “If men (and women) define situations as real, they are real in their consequences”,
In the past, races were identified by the imposition of discrete boundaries upon continuous and often discordant biological variation. The concept of race is therefore a historical construct and not one that provides either valid classification or an explanatory process. Popular everyday awareness of race is transmitted from generation to generation through cultural learning. Attributing race to an individual or a population amounts to applying a social and cultural label that lacks scientific consensus and supporting data. While anthropologists continue to study how and why humans vary biologically, it is apparent that human populations differ from one another much less than do populations in other species because we use our cultural, rather than our physical differences to aid us in adapting to various environments.
“Since the human genome has been mapped, debates within the scientific community about race have intensified. When you look at the human genome, you cannot find race…” (Freeman). Biological evidence suggests there are genetic codes for everything from eye and hair color to how tall someone will grow. Those genetic codes are based on inheritance and where family history has brought them. According to scientists there are no genetic codes that group humans into specific racial categories. According to the Department of Epidemiology and public health, “There is more genetic variation within than between races, and the genes responsible for morphological features such as skin color (which are the basis of racial groupings) are few.” (Senor, 327). It has been seen in numerous studies that genetically someone who identifies with the African- American race, has the potential to carry the same genetic markers as someone of the Caucasian race, or any other racial grouping. If race is not verifiable by scientific or biological means, then it’s origin must be from another
Athena was the virgin daughter of the great god Zeus and she was also one of the great
Cleopatra II. Summary: After the completion of the book, it had let me to believe the book was written for the general audience. Although the author provided many resources, the information was taken from literature that was written during the time.
Cleopatra was immediately established from the second she burst out of the womb as a member of the royal family of the Ptolemy's; the family which had controlled the Egyptian throne since the rule of Ptolemy I which began in 323 BC. She was born the daughter of Ptolemy XII, King of Egypt, in 69 BC, her full name being Cleopatra VII, or "Thea Philopator" in Greek: a name, which literally translates to "a goddess loving her father." She did most definitely loved her father, so dearly, in fact, that he granted the throne to Cleopatra upon his death in 51 BC. From the moment she set foot on the throne, co-ruling Egypt with her brother and obligatory husband Ptolemy XIII, she was intent upon coercing her, and only her, influence upon all of Egypt. More specifically, she wished to possess a less influential bridegroom so that she could impose more of her ideas and policies upon Egypt. It is for this reason that Cleopatra initiated one of the most notorious and controversial relationships of all time with one of the most prominent figures in history; Julius Caesar. Caesar fell in love with Cleopatra from the moment he saw her. Even though she was not known to be exceptionally beautiful, it is derived from many accounts that she was the definition of a wicked temptress, the defining characteristic that obviously won Caesar's heart. Naturally, Caesar aided Cleopatra after Ptolemy XIII's advisors had driven her from the throne, and declared war upon Ptolemy XIII. Caesar and Cleopatra were victorious and Cleopatra returned safely to the throne. Shortly after the coup, Cleopatra was noticeably pregnant. The product of this pregnancy was a son, named Caesarion, who is widely believed to belong to Caesar.
“Black, white and brown are merely skin colors. But we attach to them meanings and assumptions, even laws that create enduring social inequality.”(Adelman and Smith 2003). When I first heard this quote in this film, I was not surprised about it. Each human is unique compared to the other; however, we are group together based on uncontrollable physical characteristics. Eyes, hair texture, and skin tone became a way to separate who belongs where. Each group was labeled as having the same traits. African Americans were physically superior, Asians were the more intellectual race, and Indians were the advanced farmers. Certain races became superior to the next and society shaped their hierarchy on what genes you inherited.
The most popular myth about her conceptions is that she was born from the foam of Uranus’ genitals. Uranus was in a fight with son, Cronus, who severed his sex organs and threw them into the ocean. Foam started forming near the island of Cythera and Aphrodite arose from the water. She was carried to Cyprus on a shell with the help of Zephyrus, the west winds. Cyprus is known as her actual hometown. From there the Horae, the goddesses of the hours of the day, dressed Aphrodite, and took her to Mount Olympus. There is also a more traditional story about her birth. It is believed that she might be the daughter of Zeus by his aunt Dione. Aphrodite has many children, both immortal and mortal. “As the goddess of love and beauty, Aphrodite is often seen naked or provocatively draped with her sacred bird, the dove, in her hand” (National Geographic 142). Even though she is the goddess of beauty, Hera is considered to be the most beautiful immortal. But during the Trojan War, Paris deems Aphrodite as the most beautiful deity.
She gained power because she had been prepared all her life to be a successful ruler by being very educated in studies, languages, charm, and even in relationships. She studied natural sciences and mathematics all her life. She was even taught from her servants how to be charming. In fact, they say her beauty was not all that striking but it was actually her charm and character that made others admire her. She learned how to speak several languages and was described to be so thoroughly fluent that she did not any need the help from an interpreter. She could easily speak to anyone, from the Ethiopians, Troglodytes, Hebrews, Arabians, Syrians, Medes, or even the Parthians. Despite her Macedonian descent, she was also able to g...
All over the world, race is used by others to assign meaning to the way you look; people will use physical characteristics like: nose shape, eye shape, hair texture and most infamously, skin color to categorize race. Race isn’t a tangible concept, Social Construction Theory determines it’s more of a social idea created by institutions in society, meaning that it is created by society and is constantly changed. The notion of race is perpetuated and conserved, and therefore, must be changed by adjusting society’s preconceptions about race, institution’s structure and laws that are negatively based on race, and how education and awareness about race can create positive change.
Learning to tie shoes and ride a bike requires the encoding, storing, and retrieving of past observations of the procedure. With a lot of practice, children master these skills so well that they are able to remember them the rest of their lives. Memory is the storing of information over time. It is one of the most important concepts in learning; if things are not remembered, no learning can take place. As a process, memory refers to the "dynamic mechanism associated with the retention and retrieval of information about past experiences" (Sternberg 260). We use our memory about the past to help us understand the present. The study or memory in psychology is used in different ways, as well as there are many different ways to study how memory works in humans. In psychology there are many tasks used to measure memory, and different types of memory storages that human's use, such as sensory storing, or short term storing. There are also a lot of techniques that humans use to improve their memory, which they can use to learn, such as mnemonic devices. All these things can be classified as important issues in the study of human memory and ways of learning.