Human rights violation in China
The People’s Republic of China with a population 1.3 billion, is the third largest country in the world and has a land size of 960,000 square kilometres. It is a rapidly growing economy, with living standards being raised every year. However, human rights violations are still a part of daily life in some part of China and can still be seen in the present time. The most controversial issues include discrimination, right to live and not to be subject to torture, freedom of religion, opinion, to fair public hearing, rights to family and the right of movement. (The Consulate General of The People's Republic of China, 2003),(Infoplease, 2009)
The human rights - the freedom from sex and career status discrimination is still being violating in China. According to the International Amnesty’s report – Violence women in 2008, women and girls are disadvantages economically and socially, which is evident in employment and education sectors. 43% of girls in rural areas achieve the middle school education, contrast with 61% of boys. As well as women were paid unfairly, which they only receive 70% of the salary of a man get. (Amnesty International, 2008). The main cause of this is the one-child policy that govern each family to have only one child, and therefore parents consider girls are less important due to the fact that they will end up being married off to another family and the parents would not be supported financially by them. Likewise, rural workers were affected by the establishment of two main policies in china, food rationing system and household registration system (hukou); urban residents are provided with food coupons. The hukou system officially identifies a resident of an area which includes ...
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The Consulate General of The People's Republic of China. (2003). Fast Facts about China. Retrieved February 22, 2011, from The consulate general of the people's republic of china in los angeles : http://losangeles.china-consulate.org/eng/culture/acc/t80661.htm
U.S. Department of State. (2006). 2006 Human rights report. United States: US department of state.
UNIAP. (2011). China Overview. Retrieved March 3, 2011, from The United Nations Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking: http://www.no-trafficking.org/china.html
Zhang, H. (2010). The Hukou system's constraints on migrant worker's job mobility in Chinese cities. Retrieved March 3, 201, from Econ Papers: http://econpapers.repec.org/article/eeechieco/v_3a21_3ay_3a2010_3ai_3a1_3ap_3a51-64.htm
"United Human Rights Council." United Human Rights Council. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2013. .
When one thinks of China it is common to conjure up images of rice fields and of the great wall, but also of crowded cities teeming with people and bicycles and cars. One rarely thinks of a nation populated mostly by men and boys, with a noticeable yet surreal absence of women. While this is a bit of an exaggeration, it has been noted over the past several decades that there is an alarmingly imbalanced sex-ratio. The policy has clearly contributed to the nation’s unnatural gender imbalance, as couples use legal and illegal means to ensure that their only child is a son. There are 117 men to each 100 women in China (Goodkind, 2004). In the 1979, when the one-child policy was enacted, the intention was not to create this imbalance, but to control the population of a rapidly growing nation. Unfortunately the one-child policy as it stands, illustrates a cultural favoritism toward males, and degradation of women to a lower social status in which they have little control of their reproductive rights.
The hukou system is a residence permit. If a worker does not have a residence permit, they have no legal right to live there. Also, this permit does not allow these workers to move where ever they want. The Communist Party rule (1950s) began to use the hukou system to limit movement and enforce financial separation (Magistad, 2013, p.1). Since China wanted to build successful cities, they needed cheap migrant labor it factories to do the odd jobs that normal residences wouldn’t do. Due to the changes, the restriction on where one can live is less. For instance, as long as an individual has a job, they can live in the city, such as, Shanghai. On that note, Shanghai has a population of approximately 13 million, plus 10 or 11 m...
...5 Controls . The Controls that are imposed on Chinese women and their families as well additional abuses that are engendered by the system. They range from abortion to discrimination policies against children, which also violate the international covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the standards in the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
The purpose of this research is to highlight to what extent government policy has violated the human rights of women in China. Government policy is important to the organization of countries. Government policies work to aid in political, economic, and social issues that can become detrimental to the function of a country. Flourishing government policies prove to be efficient and effective when implementation is deemed successful. The One Child Policy proved to be successful in reducing population size. As past policy rules have now been eased, family planning officials in the region have begun drafting less strict family planning protocols. Though it has proved to be a successful policy in curbing population growth, the One Child Policy targeted women of China. A review of government policy, and its affect on the female population shows a link in population policy and its discrimination towards women. Although China reduced the stipulations of its One Child Policy, the enforcement of this policy has impeded the natural human rights of women due to the imposition of restricted childbirth.
Human trafficking is prevalent throughout the world, especially in Asia and more specifically in China but the government and non-governmental organizations (NGO) are taking measures to put an end to it. Human trafficking involves exploitation of human beings; either sexually or by coercing them to work in unfavourable conditions for little pay or nothing at all. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) defines human trafficking as “the acquisition of people by improper means such as force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them.” Women and children, especially girls between the ages of fourteen and twenty constitute the majority of victims of human trafficking. “China is a source, transit and destination country for human trafficking; the majority of which is internal trafficking” (www.humantrafficking.org).
Summary: We see that there are many different aspects and types of human trafficking that everyone should be made aware of. As a whole human trafficking is a lucrative industry raking in $150 BILLION globally. The impact that this industry has on its victims is
According to June JH Lee’s research in his work entitled Human Trafficking in East Asia: Current Trends, Data Collection, and Knowledge Gaps, “The end of the cold war, the onset of economic development in China and the growing global market integration of the region, meant that the more developed parts of Asia…started to experience sever labour shortages”(Lee).
Throughout the past seven weeks of BIS 466: Human Rights and Resistance, instructed by Dr. Alka Kurian, there has been a constant reoccurring theme of human rights violations. Incorporated throughout all provided course materials was the variation of these human rights violations upon citizens. Human Rights, are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible (United Nations). The people of South East Asia are very commonly faced with the indignity of these Human Rights violations. Particularly
The Hukou system is the registered residence component of China’s household registration system. As it is now, the system is often deemed as being unfair. It has prevented every person in a city from having equal claims to services, especially migrant workers. Migrant workers are defined as people who belong to an agricultural household under registration but work a non-agricultural job outside their registered region for half a year or more. As of 2009, migrant workers made up around 17.3 percent of China’s population (National Bureau of Statistics of China 2010). They usually have fewer benefits than other residents, such as less access to social security and limited education options. The Hukou system also removes the right of migration for rural citizens (Cai 2011). Present day migrant workers are showing unrest against the system. They have a higher awareness of their rights, put more emphasis on their personal space and quality of life, and want to move into the city more (Yi-han 2013). The Hukou system should be reformed to become standardized so that every city follows and implements the same conditions. In addition, it should be based on where you live and work, not where you were born. Reformation would allow benefits, incomes, and labor mobility to be boosted. These changes would cause an increase in the number of workers, which would benefit to Chinese economy by raising productivity (China Economic Review 2012).
China’s hukou system puts migrant workers at severe economic disadvantage - http://www.pri.org/stories/2013-05-01/chinas-hukou-system-puts-migrant-workers-severe-economic-disadvantage [Accessed on 5th November 2013]
Aristotle once stated, “The rule of law is better than that of any individual.” The essential characteristics of rule of law are: the supremacy of law, meaning both the government and individuals are subject to the law; a concept of justice that emphasizes interpersonal adjudication, based on importance of standards and procedures; restrictions on discretionary power and exercise of legislative power by the executive; independent judiciary, judicial precedent and common law methodology; prospective, not retrospective legislation; and underlying moral basis for law. (Cooray) In China, the justice system has been based on rule “by” law, also known as “rule of men” instead of rule “of” law. In other words, law has been an instrument of the government, which holds itself above the law as opposed to law being supreme. The goal of laws here are to protect the interests of the state, not the individual, and to keep stringent social control. China’s leaders are beginning to realize that establishing the “rule of law” is critical to China’s ability to sustain its rapid economic growth. The lack of legal knowledge and transparency, the complex judiciary and legislative system and cultural barriers rooted deeply in society are just a few main reasons responsible for an inadequate rule of law in China. Due to the lack of tradition of rule of law and the Chinese Communist Party rejection of the kind of liberal democratic government associated with it faces multiple challenges in its establishment. Understanding the importance of modernizing Chinas culture has had leverage on the political and economic level have substantially increased the progress of reform towards the use of rule of law.
The People’s Republic of China is the fourth largest country in the world is the most populous nation, with population reaching to over 1.349 billion as of July 2013. China’s population is composed of varied ethnic groups such as Han Chinese, Zhuang, Manchu, Hui, Miao and others. Chinese speak different languages, mostly standard Chinese or Mandarin, Cantonese, and other minority dialects. Most of the Chinese are practicing Daoist and Buddhist. There are also others practicing Christian and Muslim religions. China’s government type i...
Over the years, China has experienced prey much every government style there is. It is one of the oldest world’s cultural center with its societies claimed to have been initiated there developments since the around 10,000BC. The country has experienced various empires, kingdoms as well as a sense of capitalism. The recent China, has become a communist nation which was officially named as the People’s Republic of China. During the World War 2, China experienced invasion from Japan which wanted to claim the Taiwan city as theirs. In the twentieth century’s former half period, China was a hot mess. One of the contributors was the overthrowing of the Qing Dynasty in 1911 by revolutionaries which were led by Sun Yat-sen. He created a modern China’s
and Culture of China-US Relations.." CHINA US Focus Urbanization Chinas New Driving Force Comments. N.p., 30 Mar. 2013. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. .