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Human and animal cloning
Reproductive technologies ethical debates
Human and animal cloning
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Human Cloning
Ever since the cloning of the first mammal, the sheep Dolly, in 1996 by Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute, people have been begun to consider how they feel about human cloning. Is it possible? Should we do it? The overwhelming answer seems to be "yes" to the first question, and "no" to the second.
"Yes," because cloning a human is not much different from cloning a sheep. The cloning procedure is actually so surprisingly non-technical that laboratories could easily begin conducting their own research on human embryos today. In fact, one physicist who researched fertility sciences in the 1980's, Dr. Richard Seed, says he can already do it, and is setting up a clinic.
His clinic probably won't succeed, however, because the U.S. Food and Drug Administration would have to approve such a clinic before it could operate, and they probably won't (World Book 13). If he did set up a clinic, the result would most likely turn out the same as a similar event in 1993, when researchers used well-known techniques to begin artificially twinning humans. They immediately became "embroiled in a firestorm of public scrutiny," and they were "criticized by other researchers in the field for jumping ahead without scrutinizing the ethical ramifications" (Bohlin 4).
Clearly, although we have this technology right at our fingertips, the general community doesn't feel right about using it. In a CNN poll taken of 1,005 American adults in 1997, 89% feel that cloning humans is morally unacceptable, 69% are afraid of the possibility of cloning humans, and 74% believe that human cloning is against God's will (Robinson 8). More recently, the Vatican condemned human cloning as being "perverse" (Been 1). The scientists who cloned Doll...
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...es, but only if we take the dangers seriously.
Works Cited
Bailey, Ronald. The Twin Paradox. Reason Online. May 1997.
Beddington, Rosa. Cloning. 1997.
Been, Jennie. Can we and should we clone humans?
Bohlin, Dr. Ray. Can Humans Be Cloned Like Sheep? 1997.
Deltapoint, Inc. Human Cloning and Re-Engineering. 1996
Green, Ronald M. I, Clone. Scientific American. September 1999.
Hawley, Aaron. Cloning. March 2, 1998.
Kilner, Dr. John F. Cloning Around. Life Advocate. July/August 1997.
National Bioethics Advisory Commission. Executive Summary - Cloning Human Beings. June 1997.
Ramey, Cathy. Cloning: A Theological View. Life Advocate. July/August 1997.
Robinson, Bruce A. Ethical Aspects of Human Cloning. January 15, 2000.
Slouching Towards Creation. Time.
World Book v 1.4 Cloning: Are Humans Next? 1999.
Contrasts between the works exist mostly in structure and slightly in background. Julia de Burgos wrote her poem in the 1930’s, whereas Ferré penned her story in the 1970’s. These times were vastly different in what determined socially acceptability. There was less leverage in Julia de Burgos’ time for women writers and their ideas, especially those as thought provokingly empowered that hers tended to be, compared to Ferré’s world forty years later. Puerto Rico in the seventies still remained marred by sexism, yet went through a wave of legal Feminist reform and change that made small progress. Identity as a strong, independent female separate from the male dominated culture was still a growing identity however, which is why the connections to Julia de Burgos could still be noticeable.
Old Blood and Guts was born in 1885 in San Gabriel, California. He was a man who from a very early age knew he was destine for a life in the military as one can read in his journal “ When I was a little boy at home I used to wear a wooden sword and say to myself: ‘George S. Patton, Jr., Lieutenant General’.”1 He followed his dreams and gained an educated at Virginia Military Institute and the U.S. Military Academy. On his graduation in 1909 Patton was commissioned a second lieutenant; he advanced in rank to full General by 1945.
"George S. Patton." DISCovering Biography. Detroit: Gale, 2003. Student Resources in Context. Web. 11 Mar. 2014.
George S. Patton was born on November 11, 1885 in San Gabriel, California (General, Bio).George grew up knowing that he wanted to become a hero (The Official, Bio). Of course the reason why he wanted to become a hero is that his family was a military family and he wanted to be like them (The Official, Bio). Patton’s ancestors and relatives fought in the Revolutionary War, Civil War, and the Mexican War (The Official, Bio).
UNLIKE many war heroes who had no intention of ever becoming famous, George Patton decided during childhood that his goal in life was to be a hero. This noble aim was first inspired by listening to his father read aloud for hours about the exploits of the heroes of ancient Greece. Homer's Iliad and Odyssey were particular favourites of young Georgie, who could recite lines from both texts long before he could even lift a sword. These classic images were filled out by recent war stories of living soldiers, particularly those of John Singleton ''Ranger'' Mosby. John often visited the Patton house and would entertain Georgie for hours with tales of his Civil War adventures. With this steady diet of combat regalia, Georgie was convinced that the profession of arms was his calling.
Cofer, Judith Ortiz. "The Myth of the Latina Woman." Bullock, Richard, Maureen Daly Goggin and Francine Weinburg. The Norton Field Guide to Writing. Ed. Marilyn Moller. 3rd. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2013. 806-812. Print.
The film Gattaca directed by Andrew Niccol is a science fiction that discovers the overall effects of genetic engineering. This is shown through the idea of a imminent society compelled by eugenics, where hypothetical children are conceived within a world of genetic manipulation. By doing this, it ensures that the upcoming generation posses the finest hereditary traits to benefit the future.
Demetria Martínez’s Mother Tongue is divided into five sections and an epilogue. The first three parts of the text present Mary/ María’s, the narrator, recollection of the time when she was nineteen and met José Luis, a refuge from El Salvador, for the first time. The forth and fifth parts, chronologically, go back to her tragic experience when she was seven years old and then her trip to El Salvador with her son, the fruit of her romance with José Luis, twenty years after she met José Luis. And finally the epilogue consists a letter from José Luis to Mary/ María after her trip to El Salvador. The essay traces the development of Mother Tongue’s principal protagonists, María/ Mary. With a close reading of the text, I argue how the forth chapter, namely the domestic abuse scene, functions as a pivotal point in the Mother Tongue as it helps her to define herself.
In the past, cloning always seemed like a faraway scientific fantasy that could never really happen, but sometimes reality catches up to human ingenuity and people discover that a fictional science is all too real. Such was the fate of cloning when Dolly, a cloned sheep, came into existence during 1997, as Beth Baker explains (Baker 45). In addition to opening the eyes of millions of people, the breakthrough raised many questions about the morality of cloning humans. The greatest moral question is, when considering the pros against the cons, if human cloning is an ethical practice. There are two different types of cloning and both entail completely different processes and both are completely justifiable at the end of the day.
Understanding this historical context, a major question that “The Yellow Wallpaper” raises is whether the narrator is actually sick or whether the sickness illustrated in the text is a metaphorical sickness that is to be understood as a commentary on women's oppression by the male-dominated society of the time. Due...
Bancroft, Colette. “Review: Patricia Engel’s ‘Vida’ Makes Young Columbian-American’s Struggle a Universal Story.” Tampa Bay Times. Tampa Bay Times, 18 Sept. 2010. Web. 17 May 2014.
Last of all, Cloning is not ethical, many religious groups look down upon cloning and think it’s not proper because they think it’s like playing God. Many scientists were mainly thinking about cloning animals and, most likely, humans in the future to harvest their organs and then kill them. “Who would actually like to be harvested and killed for their organs?” “Human cloning exploits human beings for our own self-gratification (Dodson, 2003).” A person paying enough money could get a corrupt scientist to clone anybody they wanted, like movie stars, music stars, athletes, etc (Andrea Castro 2005),” whether it be our desire for new medical treatments or our desire to have children on our own genetic terms (Dodson, 2003).
Human cloning is dangerous. It is estimated that between 95 and 98 percent of cloning experiments have failed (Genetics and Society). These downfalls to cloning are in the form of miscarriages and stillbirths (Genetics and Society). Cloned human beings also run the risk of having severe genetic abnormalities. Children cloned from adult DNA would, in a sense, already have “old” genes. These children’s main problem would be developing and growing old too quickly. This includes arthritis, appearance, and organ function. Since the chance of having a child with mental and physical problems is so much higher than that of a normally conceived child, cloning should be illegal.
Makeup has transformed the lives of so many individuals and continues to play an important role in the daily routines of many women (and those men who choose to wear makeup). [Pause] The main reason why makeup initially became integrated into the daily lives of many individuals was to help conceal facial features that people were insecure about. Now, as of 2018, makeup has helped many people in terms of their general self-confidence. The stereotype that makeup is used to impress others is as far off as one can get. No individual would put so much time [Pause], effort [Pause], and education [Pause] into a task that is only to impress others. It is nice to present our self-expression to others, but it all reflects how one feels. One can change
The procedures that will be the future of modern medicine currently fall into the realms of taboo and fictional. These procedures encompass every aspect of medical science, from exploration of the human body, curing diseases, to improving a person’s quality of life. Many of these procedures are not very well known, while a few have been in the spotlight. These procedures include cloning, nano-robotics, retro-viruses, and genetic manipulation via gene-specific medications. For any serious breakthroughs in modern medical science, we must embrace these new forms of treatment instead of shying away from them. Second, I’ll attempt to explain how these methods and procedures could benefit mankind.