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Essay on history of venezuela
Introduction on venezuela
Essay on history of venezuela
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Venezuela, located in the Latin American region, is a country that has been characterized by its abundance of oil reserve. A natural resource that has shaped the history and development of the country, affecting its economic, social and most important is political spheres. For many years Venezuela was controlled by authoritarian regimes. The country, being very important in the sense of geo-politics due to its abundance of oil, has been a key player in the international arena and most important, to those that for many years kept the country under their regime. It was not until 1958 that Venezuela experienced the change to democracy and a stable democracy was kept between the two main political parties of the time, Accion Democratica (AD) and Christian Democrats (COPEI). These two parties were responsible for the country, and for many years both of them balanced their power in order to govern the country and keep it stable. It was until the 1990’s that this situation changed. As other countries in Latin American experienced, the levels of corruption and lack of accountability towards the population, made possible that in 1998 Hugo Chavez Frias was elected president of Venezuela. Chavez taking power in 1998, and showing to the masses as a “Savior” has completely revolutionized the country and some argues that he has been successful on establishing what is known as competitive authoritarian regime. His actions through out the many years he has been the president of Venezuela and the impacts on the country’s economic, political and social spheres, has made many critics to analyze and think on the question of whether or not Chavez has increase or decrease democracy? Analyzing how he has changed Venezuela’s political structure and how ...
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...rales, Javier. "Hugo Boss." Foreign Policy. 152 (2006): 32-40. Print. .
Corrales, Javier. "A Setback For Chavez." Journal of Democracy 1st ser. 22 (2011): 122-36. Print.
Corrales, Javier. "Venezuela:Crowding Out the Opposition." Journal of Democracy,Volume 18, Number 2. 18.2 (2007): 99-113. Print.
Hidalgo, Manuel. "Hugo Chavez's "Petro-Socialism"." Journal of Democracy, Vol. 20. Number 2. 20.2 (2009): 78-92. Print.< http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jod/summary/v020/20.2hidalgo.htlm>
McCoy, Jennifer. "One Act in an Unfinished Drama." Journal of Democracy, Vol.16, Number 1. 16.1 (2005): 109-123. Print.< http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jod/summary/v016/16.1maccoy.htlm>
Arraras, April 22, 2012, Module 8 Professor power point presentation.
Ferriss, Susan, Ricardo Sandoval, and Diana Hembree. The Fight in the Fields: Cesar Chavez and the Farmworkers Movement. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1997. Print.
Chávez’s leadership was based on an unshakable commitment to nonviolence, personal sacrifice and a strict work ethic. He emphasized the necessity of adhering to nonviolence, even when faced with violence from employers and growers, because he knew if the strikers used violence to further their goals, the growers and police would not hesitate to respond with even greater vehemence. Despite his commitment to nonviolence, many of the movement’s ‘enemies’, so to speak, made efforts to paint the mo...
Ferris, Susan & Sandoval, Rircardo (1998). The Fight in the Fields: Cesar Chavez and the
Cesar Chavez was an activist for the farm workers movement and had an article published in the magazine of a religious organization on nonviolence on the tenth anniversary of Martin Luther King Jr.’s assassination in the 60’s at the height of the civil rights movement. Many people wanted to turn to violence but Chavez leads them away from that course through his uses of the causes and effects of violence and nonviolence with the appeal to historical events, compelling diction, and his appeals to basic moral beliefs of his reader to achieve his overall purpose of calling the farm workers to unify and to gain direction to stand up to the manipulative rich.
White, Robert E. 2013. "After Chávez, a Chance to Rethink Relations With Cuba". The New
Peeler, John A. Latin American Democracies. Chapel Hill, NC and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1985. Print.
Hugo Chavez was the president of Venezuela from 1999 to 2013. He had an interesting way of running the country during his presidency. His political position or ideology could be best defined as Bolivarianism for many reasons. Bolivarianism can be described as a set of doctrines that was popular in South America. It is named after the famous liberator Simon Bolivar. Hugo Chavez’s ideology involved ideas from others he had come to admire. Of course one of those that he admired was Simon Bolivar. The ideas for his ideology all began at a young age when he fell in love with history (Jones 23). During this age Hugo Chavez would often times read about a general named Ezequiel Zamora whom his great great grandfather had served (Marcano, Tyszka 11). Ezequiel Zamora will become a major influence in his ideology later on in his life. Besides Zamora, Chavez would also read about many other theorists. Hugo Chavez not only lived in poverty but also witnessed how bad the poverty around him was (Jones 25-26). Chavez did not like this poverty and wanted to change that any way he could. As he grew up he continued reading about the different theorists and ideologies that they made up (Jones 40). So since a young age Chavez had always been a leftist. As mentioned earlier it continued throughout his life and it intensified during his days at the military academy (Wilpert 07) Eventually Chavez became the president and his political position progressed further left (Wilpert 07). In other words he rejected both far left ideologies such as communism or Marxism-Leninism and moderate ideologies such as social democracy or the third way. However Chavez was aware of these different ideologies but did not consider being part of it. Hugo Chavez instead began t...
Peter H. Smith. , & , (2012). Democracy in Latin America. (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
... was not the best person on Earth, nor was he the worst person as portrayed in the news. The same type of repetition and emphasizing could have been done to portray Hugo Chavez as the greatest leader in the world. If Hugo Chavez actions and objectives were more publicize, then his representation in the media would not have been a evil dictator who is against the U.S, rather it would be man who wanted to help the poor and tried to find peace within nations. Stone states that “the changes that occurred in Venezuela reflect the true spirit of the country’s people. Venezuela was ranked 7.6 on a scale of 1 to 10, in the level of democracy. They placed their democracy higher than any other Latin American.” Stone, Scott, Boykoff, Sheehan, and Dwyer represent Hugo Chavez as a victim of media corruption, but a fighter for still succeeding while being targeted.
Chavez was a major leader in the Chicano movement that all started when he was nineteen years-old when he joined the NFLU (National Farm Labor Union). From then, he moved on to the CFO, where he moved up in rank quite easily which he eventually quit. After his nine year stint with the CFO, he then founded the union of t...
La Botz, Dan. Democracy in Mexico: Peasant Rebellion and Political Reform. Boston, South End Press, 1995
... Richard. "Cesar Estrada Chavez."The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives, Vol 3: 1991-1993. Charles Scribner's Sons, 2001. Reproduced in History Resource Center. San Antonio College Lib., San Antonio, TX. 7 July 2014
...aring, S. and Shugart, M. (1997) “Juan Linz, Presidentialism, and Democracy: A Critical Appraisal”, Comparative Politics, vol.29, no.4, pp. 449-471.
Hugo Chavez was a powerful and positive force in addressing social issues, however, his singular focus on social issues at the expense of other matters of the country left the Venezuelan economy in tatters. In 1998, 50.4% of the Venezuelan population was living below the poverty line, where as in 2006 the numbers dropped to 36.3% (Chavez leaves). Although he aggressively confronted the issue of poverty in Venezuela, many other problems were worsened. Some Chavez critics say he used the state oil company like a piggy bank for projects: funding homes, and healthcare while neglecting oil infrastructure and production. Without growth in the oil ind...
The sustained economic development in many of the most powerful countries in the world has sparked the topic of democratization in developing countries. Cuba is a communist country that is under autocratic rule. Although many countries harbor an eventual trigger for social and economic reform, the country of Cuba is plagued by commonplace conditions that generate a persistent autocracy. Some of the factors that have maintained autocracy in Cuba include the use of revenue maximizing tax rate, the stationary bandit’s capacity for violence, and forces that dissolve a recently established democracy.