Cosmic rays are to scientists much like photons are to astronomers. Just as astronomers use light (or photons) to view our galaxy and beyond, scientists use cosmic rays to infer useful properties about our galaxy. In fact, cosmic rays offer one of the few ways in which scientists can actually sample real matter outside of our solar system. By identifying the various nuclei that are dispersed throughout our Galaxy, scientists hope to unravel the mechanisms that actually produce these nuclei -- from stellar nucleosynthesis to nucleosynthesis within supernovae to nuclear fragmentation. Just think, the iron in your blood came from a supernova billions of years ago in our solar neighborhood! To measure cosmic rays directly, before they have been slowed down and broken up by the atmosphere, research is carried out by instruments carried on spacecraft and high altitude balloons, using particle detectors similar to those used in nuclear and high energy physics experiments. However, there are other means of studying cosmic rays that reveal new information.. An analysis of cosmic rays using a cloud chamber reveals a connection between frequency and altitude.
Cosmic rays are high energy charged particles, originating in outer space, that travel at nearly the speed of light and strike the Earth from all directions. The term "cosmic rays" usually refers to galactic cosmic rays, which originate in sources outside the solar system, distributed throughout our Milky Way galaxy. However, this term has also come to include other classes of energetic particles in space, including nuclei and electrons accelerated in association with energetic events on the Sun (called solar energetic particles), and particles accelerated in interplanetary space. Co...
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...ojector illuminates the tracks from the side to make them visible briefly.
Fortunately, humans and animals on the surface of the Earth are largely protected by the Earth's atmosphere and by the Earth's magnetic field, which deflects low-energy cosmic rays away except over the polar regions. Some cosmic radiation does reach the surface of the Earth, and it is possible that people living at very high altitudes have a slightly higher risk of cancer because of this. Cosmic rays can seriously damage DNA. If DNA damage cannot be repaired by the cell, the cell could die. If the damage is copied into more cells, then a mutation could occur. Exposure to large amounts of cosmic rays could increase the risks not only for cancer, but cataracts and neurological disorders. Long term exposure to cosmic rays, or short intense bursts, could affect the evolution of life on Earth.
This paper talks about the gamma-ray explosions that occur in the universe and its effect if it were to occur close to the earth’s surface. The most energetic explosions to be recorded in the universe are the gamma ray bursts. Gamma ray bursts forms a representation of the events that occur in the cosmos due to its large luminosity that has been detected to approximately z-8.3. This has offered an exciting experience in the study and research of the astrophysics in its extreme condition. The paper focuses on the study revolving around the long gamma ray burst and also the galaxies that form their hosts. The long gamma ray burst have long duration that is more than few seconds and the hypothesis supporting its development states that it develops from the massive stars death. The paper also tries to understand the effect of the gamma ray bursts and how they are related to the redshift distributions in the universe. It tries to analyses the different types of wavelengths that gamma ray burst generates after the collision or merging of bodies in the universe. It explains how recent development in technology has brought man closer in studying gamma ray burst in depth and because of the abilities of the technology, man can understand the different wavelengths generated. Finally, the paper talks of the possibility of gamma ray burst happening closer to the earth’s atmosphere as it happened millions of years back. It tries to look into the impact on the ecosystem and the survival of animals if such a phenomena occurring was to repeat itself closer to the planet earth’s environment.
There are essentially three main types of cancer treatments; surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Surgery allows doctors to effectively remove tumors from a clear plane. Chemotherapy uses drugs to treat the tumor; but often the drugs affect other healthy cells in the process. Using radiation as a treatment can be either precise or vague. Many health stigmas can come from the vague forms of radiation or conventional radiation therapy. Conventional radiation treats both the unhealthy and healthy cells, therefore exposing healthy cells to harmful radiation (Radiation Oncology, 2011, p.6). When healthy cells are exposed to gamma radiation they are also exposed to ionizing radiation. The ionization can cause “breakage of chemical bonds or oxidization (addition of oxygen atoms)” in a cell; the main impact of this is on a cell’s DNA, if two strands of DNA break it can result in “mutations, chromosome aberrations, ...
The Chernobyl Nuclear has also affected the environment. Such as the food products in the Forest like mushrooms, berries containing high levels of long-lived radioactive caesium and this pollution is expected to remain high for several decades or so. For example, the accident led to high pollution of caribou meat in Scandinavia. Water bodies and fishes became polluted as well with radioactive materials. The accident has actually affected many animals and plants living within 30-40 km of the . There was an increase in mortality as in increasing of deaths in an area and a decrease in reproduction and some genetic anomalies in plants and animals are still reported
The affects teratogens can have on the developing fetus can vary greatly. Research provided from the University of Iowa’s on teratogens explains some of the possible outcome to exposure to certain teratogens. Listed birth defects resulting from exposure to teratogens, range from prenatal death, to physical and mental abnormalities.
Radiation has always been in everyday life even before Roentgen discovered x-ray. The mountains give off natural radiation, other forms of radiation are coal burning power plants, x-rays from a TV, and an airplane ride. The average dose from background radiation is about 360 mrem every year. There are two types of radiation, nonionizing and ionizing radiation. Examples of nonionizing radiation are microwaves and radio waves broadcasting. Ionizing radiation refers to gamma and x-rays. Ionizing radiation means that the rays are able to remove an electron from the atom then ions can be formed. The ions can cause damage when reacting with other atoms. Cells are able to be repaired if low dose are received. However, if cells get a high dose, the cells will be damaged or possibly die. If the cell is damaged permanently then it is referred to as a mutated cell.
Ionizing radiation can have many different effects on a fetus. There are many significant factors to consider when looking at an overall effect of radiation on a fetus in each trimester of pregnancy. The effects of radiation on a fetus vary dramatically depending on gestational age, the dosage of radiation they receive, and the manner in which they were exposed. The first trimester of pregnancy is the most sensitive trimester for a developing fetus.
'I saw dancing lights in the sky, spiking straight up starting around a few hundred feet off the ground. They waved a bit like curtains’-Mike Taylor. The Aurora Borealis is a display of solar flares that collide with the earth's atmosphere and cause a phenomenal light show, but do the impact of the solar flares affect the earth in any way? If so, is it a positive or negative reaction? Solar flares are also known as space weather. It is said in many research papers that space weather has a long term effect on the earth's atmosphere. If space weather truly does have negative long term effects on the earth’s atmosphere, then the planet might become uninhabitable for any life considering that all living organisms except bacteria and related bacteria life survive on oxygen. The long term effects of space weather in relation to the earths atmosphere will be discussed and based on facts, opinions, and scientific evidence.
The study tested seven astronauts and found eye structure and vision abnormalities for all of them. Changes are found in the retina, the slightly sensitive part in the back of our eyes. It is also found that some astronauts had them longer after they came back to our planet. (AAO, 2013). Support B: Based on a research, cancer can happen because of too much exposure to radiation.
Pollution is a massive problem, due to burning excessive amounts of fossil fuels and produces global warming. The rising in temperature of earth has resulted huge melting of polar ice caps, flooding of low-lying areas, and also rise in sea levels. If these conditions conquer the surface of earth it will face radical changes. Hence, the ozone holes are also being created trough this process, that creates a harmful UV rays that enters the earth surface. Apparently it affect human life trough causing diseases like cancer. Melanin that present in the skin reacts trough these high wave radiations. Skin cancer is one of the major forms of disease that known to be caused due to these reactions of the pigment present in the skin and infra-red rays. Besides that, when burnt sulphur, dioxide gas will also be produced. This factor forms acid rain. Acid rain could leads to destructions of most of monuments that were made up of brickwork or marbles. Even a lot of crops are affected due to the acidification of loams.
Radiation exposure can affect children as well an children have the risk of being the most harmfully effected by radiation because their body absorbs substances differently also their bodies can or are more likely to get certain kinds of cancers from too much exposure, “they are also closer to the ground, where radioactive fallouts settle.”
When CMEs are directed towards Earth, they can generate auroras, the spectacular atmospheric displays also known as “Northern lights” .CMEs can not only put on a spectacular light show, they can also wreak havoc with Earth-orbiting satellites and sometimes even ground-based electrical systems. CMEs were discovered in the early 1970s, although their existence had been suspected for a long time before that. The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) satellite has been observing the sun in unpreceded detail since its launch in 1995. Sunspots were first discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1612, when he noticed dark patches in telescopic images of the sun. Galileo made regular observations of sunspots and was able to prove that he was seeing features on the surface of the sun, which moved as the sun rotated. Galileo was not quite sure of what these dark patches were, though. What is a sunspot anyway? The SOHO Explore Glossary define it as a “Temporary disturbed area in the solar photosphere that appears dark because it is cooler than the surroundings. Sunspots consist of concentrations of strong magnetic flux. They usually occur in pairs or groups of opposite polarity that move in unison across the face of the sun as it
We are exposed to small and non-lethal doses of radiation everyday. The type of radiation that is very lethal to humans and all other life is gamma radiation. This type of radiation, if you are exposed to it, alters the molecular structure of your DNA and can lead to mutations in your offspring and can lead to diseases like cancer. Alpha and Beta particles are usually deflected by your skin and they aren’t as harmful. Alpha, Beta and Gamma radiation are types of ionizing radiation which means they can remove the electrons in the atoms of your cells, which can cause cells to mutate. Radiation is can be useful in our everyday lives. It is used in X-ray machines to look at the bones inside your body and a lead vest is put around you to protect you from the radiation so you are not fully exposed to it.
The energy in ionizing radiation can cause chemical changes in the the cells that can lead to damaging them. Most of the cells can either permanently or temporarily become abnormal or they can just die. Radiation can cause cancer by damaging the DNA in the body. The damage of the cells can also depend on how long the organs are exposed (environmental protection agency, 2017, unknown). If someone has many exposures at one time that radiation in the body keeps adding on. As well as if its only a little bit of exposure in on day and years later you get exposed again it keeps adding on the radiation will never leave the body. Having radiation in your body doesn’t affect you right away but as you get older it starts to show and you feel it. Chronic exposure is when someone is exposed many time for long periods. When this happens the type of effects it will carry is having harmful generic change, cancer, tumors, and even cataracts. Partial health effects can also depend on if it was internal or external exposure. Internal exposure is when either by drinking, breathing, eating and even an injection cause radiation to get inside your body. External exposure is when taking an x-ray out of your body and letting it go through letting all the energy go as it goes in (environmental protection agency, 2017, unknown). In the dental world radiation gets into the patients when we take x-rays on there teeth. In order to avoid to much radiation on them we put a lead apron on them and make sure to cover their thyroid which is the most common way of getting cancer when taking an x-ray. When we take the x-ray we stand behind a wall at least 6 feet away to avoid ourself from getting
First of all what is a Gamma Ray? A gamma ray is a high energy ionized radiation (EPA). Gamma photons have about 10,000 times more energy as photons (EPA). Along with that gamma rays wavelengths are so short they have to be measured in nanometers (EPA). They also are the strongest type of radiation which makes them the most dangerous. How are Gamma rays dangerous? A gamma-ray photon has enough energy to damage atoms in your body and make them radioactive (Christian, Eric). Gamma ray radiation also causes murderous burn, breast and a lung and thyroid cancer, genetics illnesses (Asiye, Gul). But when did we even discover gamma rays? In 1896 Henri Becquerel, a French Physicist, discovered gamma rays, he called it metallic phosphorescence (EPA). Becquerel had found gamma radiation being emitted by radium (EPA).
they create many breathing and heart conditions like cancer and other threats in the body, that is why children who are exposed through air pollutants are most likely to have pneumonia and asthma.