It goes without saying that a person's gender, racial and social origins influence their participation in sports. Particular races and genders often dominate certain sports. African Americans, for example, tend to dominate football and basketball, while Caucasians tend to dominate ice hockey. The same holds true for gender as well. Football is an entirely male dominated sport, while horseback riding, gymnastics and figure skating are much more female oriented. How and why did these divisions come about? Determining the origin of gender goes beyond the scope of this paper, however one can speculate about how gender classifications and stereotypes affect one's role in the sports arena.
To begin with, today sports play a significant role in our country. It is considered a primary focus for most people and plays as a stress reliever. In fact, men and women sport it is very popular around the world, but looking deep into sports men receives more respect than female. It is interesting on how much people actually pay attention to women’s sports opposed to popular men’s sports. However, women have confronted a laborious struggle throughout the history of sports, such as contend in sports to gain equal funding for programs, to have access to necessary equipment and practice facility, along with controversies that have been thrown in their path. In fact, women have been able to organize their own sports structure rather than compete within the man's complex body part that existed. Therefore, the determination of many women sports triumphant in many ways to motivate women's sport to keep going. Even with a lot of difficulty merging of women's programs with men, but success always seems to come when moving forward.
Throughout history, women have continuously contested against the traditional gender ideologies that hinder their participation in sport. During the early 1800’s women were heavily discouraged from participating in and attending sporting events, their roles were purely for reproduction purposes and domestic duties (Sport and Physical Activity in Australian Society, 2014). It wasn’t until the mid 19th century that women began demanding equal status to men in many areas of life. This included the sporting realm, where women began to challenge society’s expectations of them by participating in activities such as football, horse riding, marathon running and weight lifting. Over time, this sports history has seen important advances in gender equality
What are the social and cultural costs and benefits of an individual (male or female) entering a non-traditional sport for their gender/sex (e.g. women who enter body building, power lifting, boxing; men who enter synchronized swimming or field hockey)?
When observing a cultural phenomenon as an ethnographer rather than as a fan, the results are eye-opening. The Western culture prioritizes equality as a core value in societies; however, there are still some boundaries that continue to avoid complete gender equality in the USA despite laws and amendments. If women and men continue to stand up against the unfair discrimination, the perceptions in sports media will slowly change and female athletes will be regarded for their well-deserved and achieved statuses.
Our society tends to define masculinity and femininity according to rigid gender norms that are learned at young ages. These norms are apparent in language, perceptions, behaviors and pastimes. Since sport is considered a great American pastime, it is a popular realm for the separation of the sexes and the creation of socially defined proper roles for women and men. Sports like bodybuilding and boxing have come to be viewed as masculine because they involve conventionally masculine traits such as strength and aggression. In contrast, sports such as gymnastics and ice-skating have come to be viewed as feminine because they involve conventionally feminine traits such as charm and grace.
Throughout the years, gender roles between men and women have evolved immensely. The women who were once seen as incapable of competing alongside men, are beginning to transform a stereotype and increase the gender equality amongst sports. In the past, men have had advantages over women such as, increased media exposure and a larger following, but female athletes are beginning to transform that. In a world led by mostly male figures, women have gained momentum in proving the feminine stereotypes wrong by calling for an even playing field alongside
This research topic is important for the diversification of gender roles in society. Since the beginning of the feminist crusade, most parts of the world are moving towards diversity of gender roles to enable a gender-balanced growth of the community (Eitzen, 2016). This topic highlights to the reader the possibility of achieving gender balance in sports and its benefits to the individuals and the society at large. This topic is important to achieving gender equity in the society as the evolution of gender roles is moving towards gifting the females in the society with bigger roles other than the traditional gender roles.
Hence, men are strong, and women are weak (2013). A man is viewed as physically stronger than a woman, and this is evidenced in the sports arena (Griffin, 2013). Women are discouraged from participating in sports, because it is believed they are not equipped to compete with men (2013). Additionally, if women are competitive and win in a sporting event against men, it provokes “anger and shame in many men” (2013, p. 401). Moreover, name calling, such as referring to a woman as a lesbian, discourages the sports experience of a woman in the effort to maintain sports as a male-dominant activity (2013). Just as women’s sports activities are to be limited, so are gay men’s sports activities (2013). In addition, sports reinforce heterosexuality (2013). The perfect male athlete is an example of excellence with fame, fortune, and the perfect woman (2013). Thus, a male athlete cannot be effeminate and further enforces heterosexuality as the societal norm.
When a person decides to enter a sport that is not traditionally competed in by his or her sex, there are many risks. One of these risks is the risk of getting rejected or ridiculed because participating in that sport is not common. However, if no one ever dared to defy the socially accepted boundaries, then women would not be playing sports. There are girls who defy these boundaries and wrestle or play football in high school as well as boys who enter field hockey. These boundaries need to be broken, even if there is ridicule and risks behind them, because of the benefits of this defiance. Society would not progress if people did not take these risks.