Modern History Assignment
‘How did European Influences from the early 19th century affect Morocco?’
Europe has had incredible influence on Morocco and Northern Africa, and its strategic location between greater Africa and the Iberian Peninsula has shaped its history. The area has been occupied by a vast litany of civilizations, from ancient Romans, and Arabic occupants bringing Islam, to life as a protectorate of France in 1912. The European occupation of Morocco between the 19th and 20th centuries has truly had a lasting effect on the region.
When you examine the influence of European power on Morocco, you must consider the background of external forces, for prior to 1830, predominantly European sway upon the country, for it has such a storied history; from 1666 the Alaouite dynasty has governed Morocco, claiming descent from the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad. The ruler of the Alaouite dynasty at the time, Ismail Ibn Sharif, held independence in high regard, as he drove the British out of Tangiers 1684, who had been there since it was given to Charles II as part of a dowry for the Portuguese Infata, Catherine of Braganza . Its strategic naval position was desirable to Britain, who wanted to improve the harbor and use it similarly to the way they use Gibraltar, which is a British naval fortress on the south side of the Iberian Peninsula. Ibn Sharif also took the port of Larache from Spain in 1689 , effectively uniting Morocco. However, his use of slaves as soldiers in the long run only worked against him, causing a power struggle in which the Berber tribes regained much of their old power until Muhammad III, Ibn Sharif’s grandson who pacified the nation but allowed the tribes to retain their autonomy. M...
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...ery minor facet of Morocco. I borrowed this from the library.
Pre 20th Century History of Morocco. (n.d.). Retrieved from Somali Press: somalipress.com - Was helpful in giving me a general timeline of Moroccan events but in the scheme of things very unimportant.
Srhir, K. B. (2005). Britain and Morocco during the embassy of John Drummond Hay, 1845-1886. - Gave me some invaluable quotes and insight into the relationship between Morocco and Britain.
The Moroccan Crises. (n.d.). Retrieved from Early 20th Century History Timelines: http://cnparm.home.texas.net/Wars/MorCrises.htm - This website helped provide an incredibly in depth timeline of the events leading up to the Treaty of Fez.
Warton, E. (n.d.). In Morocco. - This book provided some short references to the tribal warfare and the Moroccan millitary and its spending. Was useful but not incredibly important
In the middle of the 15th century, Portuguese explorers began to establish trading outposts along the western coast of Africa, thus beginning the first steps toward imperialism by European nations. It is estimated that the first trading of Africans as slaves by the Portuguese began in 1444. The West African kingdom of Benin, however, still suc...
--French objected strongly to British presence in Near East, for French had by far the greatest investment there. To compensate for British gains, French built a N. African empire in Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco. GBr and Germany in turn objected to Frenc h growth. Fertile grounds for WWI.
Morocco’s during the late 16th and early 17th century was a relatively large land mass, although it contains a large amount of inhabitable dessert, geographically located between the Ottoman Empire to the East, the Spanish to the North, and the Atlantic Ocean to the West. This positioning gave the country a great opportunity to exert its independence through the ability to form alliances. One example of this can be seen through the constant struggle for control of the sea ports, the Eastern Moroccan shore. These ports not only made trade accessible to much of the Western and Northern world but were also essential for any navel attacks on nea...
or much of written history about Europe and its expansion process literature has seemed to always capture the beginning as hostile. There is no argument that Europe has had a plethora of malicious takeovers but the dynamics of colonialism have transitioned to a less aggressive imperialistic influence and have little need to colonialize any longer but to integrate. Starting with the colonization of countries in Africa it is a well-known fact that resistance most often lead to wars. What past literature have failed to analyze and bring forth in knowledge are those lands that not merely welcomed colonization but also had a less defiant attitude towards the movement. Powers such as Ethiopia and Liberia were able to maintain their systems and did not colonize under Europe. Some of the main reasons Europe had major success in gaining political power in most of Africa was due to misinterpreted form of treaties, aggressive militaristic strategy, and greed
Morocco Transcript. Hopes on the Horizon: Africa in the 1990's. 1995-2005. PBS Online. 10 Oct. 2004. <http://www.pbs.org/hopes/morocco/transcript.html>.
Moroccan traveler, Ibn Battuta, is well-known for being one of the greatest travelers of his time. Battuta’s descriptive account of his travels to East and West Africa in the fourteenth century provides important insight into African Islamic life at that point in time. Although Battuta and the peoples in black Africa shared the same religion, he comes to realize that sharing a religion is not enough to completely relate to a different group of people. The story of Ibn Battuta in Black Africa illustrates the difficulties he faced in relating to these peoples due to the non-traditional role of women, different religious customs, and frequent misinterpretation of situations.
Throughout his essay, Marrakech, George Orwell utilizes a variety of stylistic and literary elements to convey a seemingly political message. Orwell’s clever use of vivid imagery, as demonstrated through his explicit word choice and sense of irony throughout the entire essay, serves to unveil the inhumane and dehumanizing effects of colonialism in Morocco. The various literary techniques used by Orwell, combined with the central theme of invisibility and noticing the commonly unnoticed, offers readers a thought-provoking piece of social and political commentary regarding the issue of colonialism and the consequences of turning a blind eye to its dehumanizing and long-lasting effects on the countries and populations it permeates.
Morocco is a country of 446,550 square kilometers that is located in Northern Africa between Algeria and Western Sahara. It borders both the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. In 788, around 100 years after the Arab conquest of North Africa, a succession of Moroccan Muslim dynasties began to reign in Morocco. The current Moroccan royal family belongs to the Alawite dynasty, which dates back from the 17th century. In 1860, Spain occupied northern Morocco and began a 50 year period of trade rivalry amongst other European powers. Shortly after this in 1912, the French made Morocco a protectorate country. The French rule ended in 1956 with Morocco’s independence. Sultan Mohammed V, the current monarch’s grandfather, organized
“The sun never sets on the British Empire,” Great Britain often bragged. By 1914, about 85% of the earth’s surface was colonized by Europe. Between 1884 and 1885, The Berlin Conference took place to carve up the African continent (Background Essay). Europeans saw high potential in Africa and thought the continent was empty, even though it was not. It was roughly “untouched” and they thought they could do anything they wanted (Doc.1). Great Britain’s colonization in Kenya affected the country’s religion and culture, education, and government.
Do you remember hearing about stories of flying carpets? These stories are traced back to the Arab culture, and most Moroccans now share this culture. Like Morocco’s famous rugs woven with different colors, old and new customs intertwine to make one culture. In this paper, you will explore Morocco’s geography, history, economy, and culture.
The Kingdom of Morocco, which is located in Northwestern part of Africa, this is one of only three Kingdoms lefts on the continent of Africa. This countries Constitutional monarchy ran by a single king, has shown that there have been leaps and bounds of progression. The current king is trying to turn his country into something that more along the lines mimics a democracy, having freedom of expression, and equal rights among citizens. Even the military is comparable to what the United States has, there size is not comparable to our Armed Forces but how they have the military broken down in regiments, brigades, and battalions, and it mimics ours. Their Military would be a combination of our police and Armed Forces put together, carrying similar duties. The country of Morocco has an abundance of rich natural and cultural treasures; they are a plethora of interests that will not disappoint any type of traveler’s interests and desires, Morocco’s diverse country filled with many natural endeavors that would peak any type of interests. This beautiful country is an outdoorsman dream from the mountains you can hike and mountain bike, the lakes for even the amateur angler, and the snow packed mountaintops for the ski trails. Morocco has a copious amounts of different intriguing sites including medieval cities, the Saharan desert, valleys, the seas, and the mountains which where majority of their cultures thrives today. The cuisine of morocco considered one of the best and unmatched culinary that would please any types of consumers. It has reasonably been unchanged for generations with the strong cultures that have lived there for hundreds of years.
The activities of the colonial powers Great Britain, France and Italy in the Middle East and North Africa
The spread of Islam throughout the African continent was predominantly influenced by the trading routes in North and East Africa. While Islam was very influential in the political and economic sphere of these areas, many of the original practices and traditions of Africa remained. The dominant people who facilitated the spread of Islam throughout the continent were the elite of Africa, such as the kings, and the traders themselves. While the spread of religion is typically looked at as a spreading of faith or a way to exclude yourself from warring nations, Africa’s conversion to Islam was incredibly economical and political. Primary sources from the time period, like Meadows of Gold, serve to further highlight how the effects of trade and commerce were able to have so much impact on the spread of Islam throughout the continent.
...tober 2004. < http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1599003.stm .> Pelham, Nick. "Morocco continues liberal moves." 22 October 1999. BBC News Homepage. October 2004. < http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/482053.stm .>