Conservation of water is very vital and it must be done in order to sustain every life of human being. It is very important that every consumer is able to use the water wisely and care for it properly without wasting any single drop of it as the resources of water is limited. According to a research, 70% of our earth surface is made up of water. However, there are only 2.5% of it is fresh water and the almost 66.7% of the fresh water is frozen in the ice caps in Artic and Antarctica (Deborah Zabrenko, 2011). In order to fulfil the water demands require by human beings, water treatment has been introduced. Crawford and Cline (1990) mentioned that the main purpose of water treatment being carried out is to produce water that is free from pathogens …show more content…
In general, coagulation and flocculation is a process involving blending or mixing a coagulating chemical into the water that is going to be treated (Crawford & Cline, 1990). The charge of suspended particles or colloids in the water is being neutralized by the coagulants of opposite charges such as aluminum sulfate to minimize the repulsive force in between the particles and enable the small suspended particles to have a higher capability to agglomerate to each other (Binnie & Kimber, 2009). However, those particles that are slightly bigger in size formed in this process will form microfloc that cannot be seen by our naked eye (Mazille, n.d.). A lot of coagulants need to be added if the neutralization process for the charges of particles is not completely done. The whole process of the coagulation in the rapid-mix chamber roughly takes around 1 to 3 minutes. Then, the microflocs are brought into contact by a slow mixing, causing all the microfloc particles to be bonded together forming a larger floc that can be seen, namely pinfloc. The flocs continue to mix and eventually it will form a bigger floc called macrofloc. High molecular weight polymers, called coagulant aids will help to enhance the bond of the flocculent mass. In the same time, the weight of the floc is expected to increase. Hence, when the flocs have reaches its optimum size and weight, the water is ready for the …show more content…
B., & Cline, G. (Eds.). (1990). Water treatment plant design (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Coagulation and flocculation, (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.mrwa.com/WaterWorksMnl/Chapter%2012%20Coagulation.pdf. Fitzpatrick, C. S., & Gregory, J. (2003). Coagulation and filtration. In D. Mara & N. Horan (Eds.), The handbook of water and wastewater microbiology (pp. 633-648). London, UK: Academic Press. Haig, S. J., Collins, G., Davies, R. L., Dorea, C. C., & Quince, C. (2011). Biological aspect of slow sand filtration : past, present and future. Water Science & Technology: Water Supply, 11(4), 468-472. Hrudey, S., Burch, M., Drikas, M., & Gregory, Ross. (1999). Remedial measures. In I. Chorus & J. Bartram (Eds.), Toxic cyanobacteria in water: A guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and management (pp. 287-288). New York, NY: Taylor & Francis. Kinsey, G., Paterson, R., & Kelley, J. (2003). Filamentous fungi in water system. In D. Mara & N. Horan (Eds.), The handbook of water and wastewater microbiology (p. 92). London, UK: Academic Press. Lantagne, D.S., Quick, R., & Mintz, E.D. (n.d.) Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage Options in Developing Countries: A Review of Current Implementation Practice. Retrieved from http://josiah.berkeley.edu/2007Fall/ER275/Readings/DP1-2/Lantagne%20et%20al%202006.pdf
In filtration, raw water passes through screens to remove material such as twigs, leaves and other particles. Chemicals are then added which clump together other particles, and the water is sent through another filter, usually lined with sand and anthracite (crushed coal).
Disinfection is applied in water as well as wastewater treatment as a finishing step so as to destroy pathogens but the cause of concern regarding the disinfection process is the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Natural organic matter (NOM) in water has been considered as the predominant DBP precursors. Disinfectants are powerful oxidants that oxidize the organic matter present in water forming DBPs. Chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and chloramines are the most common disinfectants used nowadays and each produces its own suite of chemical DBPs in finished drinking water (Richardson, 2003). DBPs so formed pose a threat to human health because of their potential to cause cancer and reproductive/developmental effects. Most developed nations have regulated concentration of DBPs so as to minimize exposure to potentially harmful DBPs while maintaining adequate disinfection and control of targeted
This water we use is then dirtied and sometimes ends up toxic which can cause a bad
This is because only a small part of the population, particularly in developing countries, have access to water of acceptable quality. It is estimated that in some countries only 20% of the rural population has water of satisfactory quality. Based on these statistics, it is clear the urgent need for awareness about caring for water use. Almost without realizing it, we are seriously jeopardizing this essential resource, not for us but for our children's children and their generations, aware that in other parts o...
Due to the Water Pollution Control Act of 1970, there are stringent standards that need to be considered when depositing wastewater from the process. It was not possible to show the path that the wastewater would take after leaving the system, however, the pollution standards were considered. The water that was produced in the reaction were present in streams with other components such as CO2, butadiene, and maleic anhydride. Due to this exposure, the separated water will be sent to a waste water treatment plant where it will undergo many steps to ensure that the pollutants have been properly removed (Plant Design Book
The bacteria and wastewater is mixed in an aeration tank and therefore the contaminants are removed by action of sorption and series of breakdown by the bacteria.
1999, 71, 181-215. Minear, R., Amy, G.. Water Disinfection and Natural Organic Matter: History and Overview. ACS Symposium Series -. 1996, 649, 1-9. Richardson, S. Water Analysis: Emerging Containments and Current Issues. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2003, 75, 2831-2857.
Clean water is needed for good human and animal health, but as DoSomething.org states, over 1 billion people worldwide don’t have a means of getting clean drinking water, an...
Freshwater is quite scarce, but it is even scarcer than one might think: about seventy percent of all freshwater is frozen in the icecaps of Antarctica and Greenland and is unavailable to humans. Most of the remainder is present as soil moisture or lies in deep underground aquifers as groundwater. It is not economically feasible to extract this waster for use as drinking water. This leaves less than one percent of the world’s fresh water that is available to humans. It includes the water found in lakes, reservoirs, groundwater that is shallow enough to be tapped at an affordable cost. These freshwater sources are the only sources that are frequently replenished by rain and snowfall, and therefore are renewable. At the current rates of consumption, however, this supply of fresh water will not last. Pollution and contamination of freshwater sources exacerbate the problem, further reducing the amount of freshwater available for human consumption. Something must be done if humans want to even survive in the near future: the lack of clean drinking water is already the number one cause of disease in the world today. The first step is worldwide awareness of the water crisis: governments and the citizens they govern worldwide need to know about this problem and be actively involved in solving this problem.
Water Pollution is a current issue that has serious consequences; it progresses everyday in our lakes, oceans, rivers and other bodies of water.
Have you ever had to walk miles away just to get clean drinking water, or don’t even not have access to clean drinking water? People all over the world, even in North America, don’t have access to clean drinking water or have to walk very far just to drink water. The main areas where this problem is prominent is in third world countries, and this is due to the lack of money and sanitation (Millions Lack Safe Water). Due to this lack of sanitation, water borne diseases can grow and infect people who consume it. Clean water is very important for life, and within this paper I will explain why we need it, how it can affect us, and what it will take to obtain clean water.
Safe water and sanitation as a basic human right, household water treatment, rainwater harvesting ... and reports from Kyoto, Madagascar, Uzbekistan, Guinea and other countries around the world.
The consumption of contaminated water can be dangerous for health reasons and several people have passed away from these water-borne diseases. Some of these diseases include Cholera, Typhoid, Dysentery, Giardiasis, and Malaria. These unfortunate diseases are currently the cause of numerous deaths, especially in small children. The availability of clean water can prevent many problems in low-income communities. The available resources for clean water are very rare, so these water sources need to pass through a process of water sanitation in order to just be sustainable to drink, “The world’s surface is made up of approximately 80% water, which is an indestructible substance.
Water scarcity is harmful to human life because when water is poorly managed throughout the world, those who need water are deprived of nutrients they truly need, causing them to die. This eventually affects the global population. Therefore, many experts have proposed several solutions such as the LifeSaver Bottle, TrojanUVPhox treatment system, and Waste Water Recycling. The problem of water scarcity has increasingly spread throughout the world as of yet, The UN reports that within the next half- century up to 7 billion people in 60 countries which is more than the whole present population will face water scarcity (Sawin “Water Scarcity could Overwhelm the Next Generation”). As well, the demand for freshwater has tripled over the past 50 years, and is continuing to rise as a result of population growth and economic development.
Water plays such an important role in our daily lives. 70% of our body is composed of water. 70% of the earth surface is also made up of water, but out of the 70%, only 1/3 of water is consumable. In fact, this amount has been continuously to decrease as more and more industries began to pollute and damage the water. For example, many toxic chemicals may be released into the water thus making the water impure. Such pollutions and damages lead the water to be contaminated and inconsumable as it may cause severe diseases. Water purification can remove all the unnecessary bacteria and viruses from the water that is hazardous for our health. Water purification may also improve the flavor and appearance of water. It removes the unpleasant odor. Therefore, water purification became one of the most useful and popular process used by people all over the world today. It is by far the most recommended and safest water treatment that is commonly used to purify damaged water into consumable water. Water purification provides us with safe, pure and clean water to consume and use.