How James Joyce Challenges His Readers in Ulysses and Finnegans Wake
In the history of written literature, it is difficult not to notice the authors who expand their reader's style and manner of reading. Some write in an unusual syntax which forces the reader to utilize new methods of looking at a language; others employ lengthy allusions which oblige the reader to study the same works the author drew from in order to more fully comprehend the text. Some authors use ingenious and complicated plots which warrant several readings to be understood. But few authors have used all these and still more devices to demand more of the reader. James Joyce, writer of Ulysses and Finnegans Wake, uses extraordinarily inventive and intricate plot construction, creative and often thought-provoking word constructions, allusions to works both celebrated and recondite, and complex issues and theories when challenging his readers to expand their method of reading.
The plot, or story, of a book is the foundation upon which all else is constructed, and Joyce is renowned for his extraordinary plots, always innovative and always astonishing. In Ulysses, Joyce parallels the day of his protagonist, Leopold Bloom, with the journeys of Odysseus from Homer's Odyssey. Chapter by chapter, Bloom's travels throughout Dublin, along with the experiences of his young friend Stephen Dedalus and his unfaithful wife Molly, parallels the Odyssey. All the chapters are there: Telemachus, Nestor, Proteus,
Calypso, the Lotus-Eaters, Hades, Aeolus, Lestrygonians, Scylla and Charybdis, Sirens, Cyclops, Nausicaä , Oxen of the Sun, Circe, Eumaeus, Ithaca, and Penelope. He even adds a chapter, Wandering Rocks, by subdividing Scylla ...
... middle of paper ...
...
challenged his readers to expand and enhance their reading method, to think for
themselves, to read the raw thoughts of another, to read a hybrid language, to
simply learn, and to become a better reader.
Works Cited:
Barger, John. IQ Infinity- The Unknown James Joyce, Robot Wisdom Pages,
5/25/97: http://www.mcs.net/~jorn/html/jj.html
Cave, Charles. James Joyce Web Page, Ozemail Communications, 5/25/97:
http://www.ozemail.com.au/~caveman/Joyce
Joyce, James. Finnegans Wake. New York, New York: Penguin USA, 1976
Joyce, James. Ulysses, New York, New York: Random House Inc., 1992
McHugh, Roland. Annotations to Finnegans Wake, Baltimore, Maryland: Johns
Hopkins University Press, 1991
Thornton, Weldon. Allusions in Ulysses, Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University
of North Carolina Press, 1968
In the skillful novel, "How To Read Literature Like A Professor" by Thomas C. Foster, there is neither a protagonist nor antagonist. As a whole, the novel gives insights on how to pick up signs of symbolism, irony, and many other hidden details that are buried within the words of literature. Foster refers to many classis novels by classic authors to demonstrate the use of logic in writing. The novel is extremely educational, leaving many insightful questions and interpretations to the reader's opinion.
Throughout literature and novels we can find authors who will reference history, other authors works and most often the Bible. One may ask themselves the reasoning behind allusions and how it can affect our perspective and the authors meaning when reading the novel. In the late sixties, Julia Kristeve, who studied the elements of literature and other communication systems, introduced the word “Intertextuality”. In Kristave’s essay “Word, Dialogue, and Novel” she went into deep analysis of an authors work and its text, “A literary work, then, is not simply the product of a single author, but of its relationship to other texts and to the strucutures of language itself. Any text," she argues, "is constructed of a mosaic of quotations; any text
Throughout Hughes’ text the reader is bombarded with the tedious, albeit extensive, litany of his readings. He has “read a lot of books in the last forty-five years, since (he) became a conscious and addicted reader at the age of about nine” (107). However, instead of writing about works he is familiar with, he should write about what he has learned from undertaking this honorable hobby.
There is a famous expression about three demands of writing fiction. It goes, “Make them laugh, make them cry, make them wait.” By following these needs, an author can spark interest in his or her work. In the novels The Catcher in the Rye and Lord of the Rings, the novelists utilize the latter requirement, “Make them wait.” This essay will show how the authors use that specific demand in their novels.
Ulysses is a grand work of superscription, the creation of a palimpsest spanning millennia of western thought, from the centuries of oral tradition. Australians confronting their insidious, invisible birthrights: cultural cringe, the "tyranny of distance" exacerbated by the "anxiety of influence"--in sum, a mythos where art, like life, is "elsewhere"-- may take tonic from Joyce's despair with his own country, the "afterthought of Europe", despite its brilliant literary stars: Swift, Wilde, Yeats, Synge and so on.
The main characteristic of the new literary form of the novel according to Ian Watt is "truth to individual experience" (4) and its new shape is created by a focus on the individual character. He is presented in a specific definition of time and space. The second section of this paper will show how far this is realized in both of the novels. In the third section I want to analyze the characters' individualism in connection with the claim to truth and their complexity in description.
There was an uneven distribution of certain types of lipids on the outer leaflet, while there was other types in the inner leaflet. In eukaryotic cells, we see certain trends with certain lipids. It is often seen that SM, PG and PC are found in the outer leaflet, while PS, PI and PE are usually seen in the inner leaflet (Verkleij et al. 1973). These lipids have similar characteristics, but also differ in various ways. This causes the asymmetric distribution of these molecules to have an effect on the behaviors of cell membranes including surface charge, membrane potential, shape, and permeability just to name a few. The specific positions of these lipids are known to have a reason to be there. For example, It has been shown that when PS, normally found on the internal monolayer, is exposed in mammalian cells it is a marker for apoptosis and a signal for disposal by macrophages (Marquardt et al.
There is a copious amount of major characters in the story. Some of them include Odysseus, the main character, who is a soldier and returns home after a twenty-year absence. Some of his family includes Laertes, his father, Penelope, his wife, and Telemachus, his son. There are many gods that Odysseus must battle on his journey home, including Zeus, who is said to be father of all gods, and Poseidon, the god of the ocean who punishes Odysseus and his crew by giving them a very difficult trip home after they blind his son, Polyphemus, or the Cyclops by blinding him after stabbing him in the eye. Another major character is Calypso, a sea goddess who is in love with Odysseus.
Cellular membranes are complex mixtures of proteins and lipids. Cell membranes are composed of a phospholipid bilayer, consists of two leaflets of phospholipid molecules and their fatty acid chain form the hydrophobic interior of the membrane bilayer; and proteins that span the bilayer and/or interact with the lipids on either side of the two leaflets. Transmembrane proteins are the type of membrane proteins which span the entire length of the cell membrane. They are embedded between the phospholipids and provides a channel through which molecules and ions can pass into the cell. They enable communication between cells by interacting with chemical messengers. Membrane proteins were classified into two comprehensive categories- integral and
I face the challenge of maneuvering plot elements and structure so as to create the maximum allowance for interpretation while avoiding the infuriating lack of closure, as I understand obscurity to the point of abstrusity risks the inability to satisfy mankind’s need for conclusion and assimilation. For example, it is impossible to discern definitely the subject of Auden’s poem “This Lunar Beauty” without scouting for clues in the poet’s biography. This potentially lowers the social value of the work, though it remains of high artistic merit due to Auden’s mastery over musicality and imagery. Thematically transparent works such as Orwell’s “1984” tend to be more well-known and lauded, yet explicitness in the form of complex, meticulous descriptive sentences, while vivid, can be quite overwhelming - a fact I have come to know when introduced to Faulkner’s works in a summer program studying short
Ulysses opens with Buck Mulligan calling Stephen a "fearful jesuit" and mocking church rituals as he shaves (Joyce, Ulysses 3). The two main characters of this novel, Stephen Dedalus and Leopold Bloom have each fallen from their respective faiths. They both suffer for their religious affiliations; Bloom is excluded and h...
In both works of literature the fateful tale of Ulysses and his unique demise is depicted. Ulysses while alive was a Greek king of Ithaca known for his many seaward voyages, and even now in his afterlife the king’s reign lives on for he is the subject of the great epic The Odyssey. Both Tennyson and Dante portray the character of Ulysses as exceptionally passionate through their interpretation of his feelings and actions toward adventure as well as their romanticized portrayal of exploration.
The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that surrounds both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. It is made up of a double layer of phospholipids which forms a selectively permeable barrier between two aqueous compartments, allowing only certain molecules to pass. Embedded within this bilayer are proteins which have carry out specific functions. Integral proteins act as pathways for ion and molecules. Peripheral proteins act as cell to cell recognition sites. Transmembrane protein channels and transporters allow nutrients such as sugars and amino acid to enter the cell. Carbohydrates attach to the external surface of integral proteins holds cells together as well as acting as a site where viruses or chemical messengers can attach themselves.
In particular, two excerpts from Camus and Woolf offer a wealth of stylistic devices in connection with their intended themes. From The Stranger, the chosen passage tells of the main character's (Meursalt) confrontation with a threatening Arab and his resulting murder. The selection from To the Lighthouse describes the general passage of time, using a more poetic manner with its emphasis on description over plot.
In Ulysses, Joyce describes the pursuits of two main protagonists, Leopold Bloom and Stephen Dedalus, both individuals yearning for something more. As the day progresses the two characters unknowingly cross paths until, as a result of their day, they finally meet. In doing so, they find in each other humanistic ideals, in the form of individual epiphanies, that are needed to complete their yearnings. Joyce uses these epiphanies to represent his theme of the ability of a single day to act as a microcosm of the many facets of human society.