How Far Does Behavioral Sink Go? If you ask any American what behavioral sink is, they more than likely won’t be able to define the term. It seems that everyone has become subject to this mysterious term, in once sense or another. Behavioral Sink, as described by the author, Tom Wolfe in the excerpt “O Rotten Gotham” from “A Forest of Voices”, is the study of how animals relate to their environment. In one of Wolfe’s studies he speaks of this behavioral sink in New York City. He talks about how overcrowding causes this. As observed by Wolfe, New Yorkers tended to be more aggressive and cold towards one another. When driving they were found to be screaming at each other because of traffic, speeding through a crowd getting aggravated and not really knowing why. They all seemed to be greatly stressed with a tendency to foster ulcers. He also studied the effects of overcrowding in Sika deer and rats. They all showed changes in behavior, even when there was plenty of food, water, and shelter due to this lack of personal space. When an autopsy was performed on the animals, it showed that their thyroids seem to enlarge, while their bodies looked genuinely healthy. The deer seemed to die of an adrenaline shock from their thyroids, due to the stress of no personal space. Wolfe seemed to think that if you did an autopsy on the deceased people in New York City, they would show the same general signs of thyroid enlargement. The interesting connection that humans have to rats is the grouping they exhibit. The leader-rats seem to take their own groups and then the average to below average rats gather together. Human aristocrats and wealthier people, like the leader rats, tend to live in suburbs and live in quieter, nicer places. The other people, like the average to below average rats, seemed to live in smaller apartments and much more crowded, less healthy areas like the slums. The average rats showed signs of violence, aggravation, homo and bi-sexuality, and all showed increasing signs of cancer and other diseases. The interesting connection here is that by my own observations, the same things seem to be happening in the world today.
Deere moved to the West in the 1830’s to Great Detour, Illinois. Since that part of Illinois didn’t have blacksmiths, Deere quickly got to work. Deere had barely settled, yet he was already becoming famo...
Goodall argues that her readers have an ethical obligation to protect animals from suffering, but she also implies that it might be necessary sometimes to abandon that obligation. She points out that animals share similar traits with human beings: they have a capacity for certain human emotions, and they may be capable of legitimate friendship. Goodall’s evidence for this claim is an anecdote from her research. She recounts that one chimpanzee in her study, named David Greybeard, “gently squeezed [her] hand” when she offered him food (62). Appealing to readers’ emotions, Goodall hopes to persuade readers that the chimp is “sociable” and “sentient,” or feeling (62). According to Goodall’s logic, if researchers are careful to avoid tests that cause human suffering, they should also be careful to avoid tests that cause suffering for other life forms.
Nonetheless, animal enthusiasts request the banishment of animal experimentation in the laboratory. Unlike in the past century, both views have finally reached an agreement in this debate: as of now, a limited amount of rodents, or primates, such as white mice and rhesus monkeys can be tested in the laboratory. Which begs the question, why are these selected fews continue to be subject to gruesome experimentation unlike their brethren? Additionally, their moral status is lesser than other fauna, and shouldn’t they instead receive the same respect as well?
The broad topic that will be addressed will be the Holocaust, but more importantly, I will scrutinize the issue of the Warsaw Ghetto. Since students are learning less about the Holocaust, I want to learn more about the Holocaust in general. I specifically want to discover what it was like inside the Warsaw Ghetto. I will discuss what the conditions were like and tell some horrific stories that happened inside the walls.
The Warsaw Ghetto was a Jewish-populated ghetto in the largest city of Poland, Warsaw. A ghetto can be defined as a part of a city in which large quantities of members of a minority group live, especially because of social, legal, or economic pressure. Ghettos were commonly attributed to a location where there was a large Jewish population. In fact, the word Ghetto originated from the name of the Jewish quarter in Venice, Italy, in 16th century.The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest Ghetto, as a part of the Holocaust, and as an early stage of it, played a very significant role. Today, in our museum exhibit, we have several artifacts, including primary evidence relating to the Warsaw ghetto. We will be discussing how and why it was created, the lifestyle
The Warsaw Ghetto[1] (German: Warschauer Ghetto, called by the German authorities Jüdischer Wohnbezirk in Warschau, Jewish residential district in Warsaw; Polish: getto warszawskie) was the largest of all the Jewish ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe during World War II. It was established in the Muranów neighborhood of the Polish capital between October and November 16, 1940, part of the territory of the General Government of German-occupied Poland, with over 400,000 Jews from the vicinity residing in an area of 3.4 km2 (1.3 sq mi). From there, at least 254,000 Ghetto residents were sent to the Treblinka extermination camp over the course of two months in the summer of 1942.
On April 19, 1943, the Warsaw ghetto uprising began after German troops and police entered the ghetto to deport the surviving inhabitants. Many Jews in ghettos tried to organize resistance against the Germans and to arm themselves with weapons. The most famous attempt by Jews to resist the Germans in armed fighting occurred in the Warsaw ghetto. About 300,000 Jews were deported from Warsaw to Treblinka. Jews fought determinedly with limited resources for almost a month, before their resistance was finally ended. Seventy years on, the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising remains symbolic of collective Jewish resistance during the Holocaust. Around 7,000 Jews had been killed with the fighting. By May 16, 1943, the Germans had crushed the uprising and left
In an essay written by Roger Cohen, Cohen talks about two monkeys named Canto and Owen, who are part of an experiment in aging. During the experiment, Canto is fed “a restricted diet with 30 percent less calories than usual” while Owen is able to eat whatever his heart desires. As part of his conclusion, Cohen says that though Canto may live longer, he would prefer it to be Owen who outlives the other, and he is right to do so. Due to his attachment to monkeys and his understanding of “monkey’s feelings”, Cohen is able to see Canto and Owen’s reactions to humans based on their diets. According to Cohen’s description of the monkeys from their pictures in the New York Times, Canto appeared to be “drawn, weary, ashen, and miserable in his thinness, mouth slightly agape, features pinched, and eyes blank” while his description of Owen was “ eyes twinkling, full mouth relaxed, skin glowing, exuding wisdom as if he’s just read Kierkegaard.” It is because he is able to tell how the monkeys are feeling that Cohen has the right judgment to hope that Owen lives longer because once the experiment is over the monkeys will possibly be taken to the zoo.
As the journey to the destination begun the atmosphere is horrid as they passed cheap motels half deserted streets and sawdust motels it all set a very bleak tone of lifelessness, to support this claim, “like a patient etherized upon a table.” (Eliot 368) although they also encountered a yellow fog most likely caused by industrialism it took a form of animal imagery finding comfort in its surroundings to support this claim, “The yellow fog that rubs t back upon the window-panes, the yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the window-panes, Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening.” (Eliot
It all started when rats were on ships that were going across Europe, but the rats were infested with fleas that were carrying the Bubonic Plague. The city of London was a very poor city that had a large amount of its population lived in shanty towns in very cramped quarters. Since a large number of the population lived in such poor housing that was dirty, it made the town a lot more suitable for rats to live there.
By definition, a ghetto is an area, usually characterized by poverty and poor living conditions, which houses many people of a similar religion, race or nationality. They served to confine these groups of people and isolate them from the rest of the community because of political or social differences. However, the Jewish ghettos established throughout Europe were more than just a way for the Germans to isolate the Jewish community. They were the first step in making Hitler’s final solution possible. The ghettos were the means of organizing all of the Jews together and preparing them to be shipped to concentration camps. However, these ghettos soon evolved into political, religious and social entities that served the community and began to resemble a form of self-ruling government. Furthermore, many of these ghettos were different from one another because of different internal structures of the Jewish community or the diversity of the personalities of the leaders of the council in the Jewish community. However, the ghettos must be analyzed as if they are all “one history.”(Holocaust) In fact, many of the communities were the same with regards to Jewish perceptions and reactions concerning life and the difficulties being faced by each community in its occupied territory. This research paper discusses the common everyday trials and tribulations faced by all the ghettos and looks at the ghettos from a political and socio-economic point of view. (Holocaust)
In this study there are two groups, the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group consisted of 90 preschool aged children who exhibited stuttering, and the control group consisted of 54 normally fluent children. The Independent variables were how many stuttering syllables per words read or spoken. This is a non-manipulated variable in the study. The manipulated independent variable was the score test to determine the severity of the fluency disorder. The Dependent manipulated variable was the authors, the speech pathologists, and the parents in the case study. They were able to influence the test by controlling certain aspects of the test. Subjects from the experimental group were referred to the University of Illinois Stuttering Research Project for speech evaluation on the resourcefulness of their parents, physicians, nurses, speech-language clinicians, and day care personal. All children in the stuttering group (experimental) met the following multiple objective and subjective criteria: (a) age 60 months or under, (b) regarded by parents as having a stuttering problem, (c) regarded by the two authors (certified speech pathologists with extensive experience with fluency disorders) as having a stuttering problem, (d) stuttering severity rated by parents as greater than 1 on an 8-point scale (0= normal; 1 = borderline; 2 = mild; 7 = very severe), (e) severity rating greater than 1 assigned by the two authors, (f) exhibiting at least three stuttering-like disfluencies (SLD, or part- and single-syllable word repetitions and blocks/sound prolongations) per 100 syllables, (g) stuttering histories of no longer than 6 months, and (h) no obvious neurologic disorders or abnormalities. Subjects from the normal fluency group (controlled) were (a) age 60 months or under, (b) reported by their parents as not having a history of stuttering, (c) regarded by the investigators
... I 1944 [Over Warsaw - Warsaw Thermopylae 1939 and 1944], Warsaw: Fundacja Wystawa Warszawa Walczy 1939-1945, 2000.
When it comes to pain, love, joy, loneliness, and fear, a rat is a pig is a dog is a boy. Each one values his or her lives and fights the knife. (PETA). The situation hasn't bettered but worsened. As many think it prejudice to see one animals as a companion and the other as dinner. Factory Farms today cram together thousands of animals to the point where they can't take a single step. When this happens the animals began to fight for their space so facto...
Linker,Damon. “ Animals are not Equal to Humans.” Animal Experimentation San Diego, California. 2002.35-43. Print.