5. How can you distinguish between a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat at the molecular level? Saturated and unsaturated fats differ in their chemical structures. Saturated fats have no double bond between molecules, which means there are no gaps and the fat is saturated with hydrogen molecules. On the other hand, unsaturated fats have double bonds, which break up the chain of hydrogen molecules and create gaps, allowing the fats to liquefy at room temperature. Describe the process of facilitated diffusion and active transport Facilitated diffusion is a process of transportation of molecules across cell membrane form an area of high concentration to an area of low transportation through protein channels Active transport is when a protein moves a certain material across the membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration against the concentration gradient using energy. 6. How do large molecules, such as proteins, get into a cell? …show more content…
The electrons come from water molecules, and the energy is first absorbed by pigments known as chlorophylls and carotenoids. The former absorb blue and red light and the later absorb blue-green light. Green and yellow light are not absorbed. Reflections of these types of light make plants appear green. There are many varieties of pigments. They are bonded to proteins which provide pigment molecules with the appropriate orientation and position with respect to each other. After absorption by pigment, light energy is transferred to chlorophylls that are bonded to special proteins. Pigments and protein involved with this actual primary electron transfer event together are called the reaction center. A large number of pigment molecules, collectively referred to as antenna, "harvest" light and transfer the light energy to the I same reaction center. The purpose is to maintain a high rate of electron transfer in the reaction center, even at lower light
Acid or base-catalyzed hydrolysis yields the component fatty acid, some examples of which are given in the following table, together with the alcohol component of the lipid. These long-chain carboxylic acids are generally referred to by their common names, which in most cases reflect their sources. Natural fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated, and as the following data indicate, the saturated acids have higher melting points than unsaturated acids of corresponding size. The double bonds in the unsaturated compounds listed on the right are all cis (or
Introduction: One of the most common types of passive transport of materials is called diffusion (Ward’s Natural Science). Another common type of transport is osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of water through a cell membrane.
The semipermeable membrane surrounding a cell is called the cell membrane. The cell membrane plays a major role in controlling what is able to come in and out of the cell. The traits of the cell membrane are important in passive transportation. Passive transportation is the movement of materials into, out of or within a cell that does not require energy from the cell. A type of passive transportation is osmosis. Osmosis is the diffusion of water into and out of cells from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In this lab, a cell is represented by an egg. The cell, or egg, is then placed into three types of different solutions to evaluate the effects of osmosis.
Fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid are known as essential fatty acid because they cannot be synthesized in the body so must be supplied in the food. Human being lacks the ability to introduce double bonds in fatty acids beyond carbons 9 & 10. About 20 different fatty acids are synthesized from the two essential fatty acids linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Omega three fatty acid is synthesized from linolenic acid and omega six fatty acid is synthesized from linolic acid.
Monounsaturated fats have a single carbon-to-carbon double bond resulting in two fewer hydrogen atoms than a saturated fat and are responsible in keepings monounsaturated fats liquid at room temperature. Some sources of monounsaturated fats are olive oil, peanut oil, canola oil, avocado oil and most nut oils, as well as high-oleic safflower and sunflower oils. A study carried out in the
When a cell membrane is said to be selectively permeable, it means that the cell membrane controls what substances pass in and out through the membrane. This characteristic of cell membranes plays a great role in passive transport. Passive transport is the movement of substances across the cell membrane without any input of energy by the cell. The energy for passive transport comes entirely from kinetic energy that the molecules have. The simplest type of passive transport is diffusion, which is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. Diffusion
Differentiating between fatty acids can be in two main ways: the length of free fatty acid chains and the fatty acids degree of saturation. The number of carbon atoms determine the length of fatty acid chains which often categorized as short chain fatty acids (SCFA), Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA), Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), and Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) with aliphatic tails longer than 22 carbons, while the number of double bonds between carbon atoms determine their degree of saturation. Fats can be categorized into saturated fats and unsaturated fats. Furthermore, the unsaturated fats divide into monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats. Fatty acid can be saturated if there are no double bonds
What is a passive transport? A passive transport is the movement of something across the membrane with no energy. There are 4 main passive transports. There is diffusion, osmosis, Facilitated Diffusion, and Filtration. Diffusion were molecules will spread out evenly into empty space. Osmosis is the movement of water across a membrane. Passive transport happens when you get Pruned Fingers. Cholera is also made by osmosis. Cholera is found in our intestines and it reverses the intestinal cells.
Glucose is the primary source of energy for the cells and consequently is necessary for all cellular functions that require energy. Facilitated diffusion plays a significant role in the management of concentrations of glucose, both intracellular and extracellular, providing a balance of glucose in the cells that when poorly utilized upsets the body’s homeostasis.
Transport is a very important process for cell cytoplasm to communicate with the external environment. Transport is any process in which the movement of matter or energy occurs from one part of a system to another. The plasma membrane, also known as cell membrane is selectively permeable. It permits some particles to pass through, while also not letting other particles to pass through. If a substance can cross the membrane then the membrane is permeable to that substance, but if a substance is not able to pass the membrane then it is impermeable to it. Transportation across the membrane occurs by one of the two means, which are active transport and passive transport. Active transport requires the cell to utilize cellular energy in the form of ATP, so it can employ protein pumps or engage in the activity of endo / exocytosis. Passive transport occurs with no energy
Eating a lot of trans fats will dramatically increase the chances of getting heart disease. Aaron Carroll a professor of pediatrics at the indiana university school of medicine says “Trans fats are amazingly bad for you. By the 1990s, evidence was building that trans fats carried a significant risk for increasing coronary heart disease”
Fats: Fats or lipids are important in diet to provide the body with energy. The British Nutrition Foundation state that fats are made up of amino acids. There are two types of fats they are saturated and unsaturated. Saturated fats are solid at room temperature such as cheese, butter etc. Too much saturated fats increase the risk of heart disease. Whereas unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature such as nuts, vegetable oil etc. These maintain healthy cholesterol levels.
The omega-3 fatty acids, popularly referred to as fish oil, are considered unsaturated fats. Science differentiates between unsaturated and saturated fats quite clearly. One fact that separates the two is the temperature at which melting occurs. Saturated fats melt at a higher temperature than unsaturated fats. The science behind fatty acids is rather complex; carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains are the building blocks of saturated and unsaturated fats. This is important to the human body for many reasons; one reason being unsaturated fats do not cause plaque build-up in arteries like saturated fats due to their molecular structure in the human blood stream.
The purpose of this lab was to see firsthand the diffusion of a substance across a selectively permeable membrane. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration until both concentrations are equal, or as you could more professionally call it, equilibrium. This concept is one that we have been studying in depth currently in Biology class.
Saturated fats come from animal sources like steak, hamburger and pork. Unsaturated fats are derived from plants. There are also trans fats that are considered poison for the body. They raise the bad cholesterol in your body, and should never be included in a healthy diet. There are also fatty acids like omega-3 and omega-6 that are good for a healthy body.