One of the most known scientists, William Crookes was born June17.1832, in London, England, the son of Joseph Crookes and his second wife, Mary Scott. “At the age of 15, he despite his father’s wish that he become an architect, he chose industrial chemistry as a career; he entered the Royal College of chemistry in London, where he began conducting research. At the age of 19, in 1855 he became Superintendent of the Meteorological Department, Radcliffe Observatory, at Oxford”. The most remarkable among Crookes’s chemical studies is the one that led him to a discovery of thallium through the spectroscopic method in 1861. In 1879, Crookes studied the effects of passing an electric current through a gas in a sealed tube. The tube contained electrodes …show more content…
Based on the new element that he saw by its bright green emission line, he chose the name of the element using the Greek word “thallos” means "a young, green shoot" or "twig." He continued his study of thallium for so many years, succeeding in differentiating it, by characterizing the properties of its compounds. Especially after a long delay, in 1873, he has been able to get the atomic weight of his new element “Thallium”. His discovery of thallium brought Crookes a significant amount of recognition, trust and also he was able to take a part in his election into the Royal Society of London in “1863”. The discovery of the element also led to his discovery of the principle upon which he built the Crookes radiometer which is also known as “light mill”. The light mill is an instrument that helps to measure the radiant energy of the heat and light, this instrument was also able to produce rotational motion from light. This fundamental of measuring the radiant energy of the heat and light of the radiometer helped Crookes to discover numerous applications in the development and evolution of sensitive measuring …show more content…
Crookes tubes are glass vacuum chambers that contain a positive electrode (anode) and a negative electrode (cathode). When an electrical current is passed between the electrodes of one of the tubes, a glow can be seen in the chamber. It is now known that the glow is due to the interaction of electrons, which travel from the cathode to the anode, with residual gas present in the device.” At the beginning when Crookes started his studies with the fluorescent light, it was not understood very well, just because of the mysterious rays, which were called “cathode rays” because they were seemed to be produced by the negative electrode. But his experiments, was so helpful to show how the new information was important for the nature of the unknown rays. The discovery or invention of cathode rays has influenced many scientists, it is very remarkable that many other scientists had devised to change or improve the tubes almost similar to those that Crookes has invented in the years before he begin his studies in the
In 1895, Professor Wilhelm C. Roentgen, a German physicist, was working with a cathode ray tube, much like our fluorescent light bulb. The tube consisted of positive and negative electrodes encapsulated in a glass envelope. On November 8, 1895, Roentgen was conducting experiments in his lab on the effects of cathode rays. He evacuated all the air from the tube and passed a high electric voltage through it after filling it with a special gas. When he did this, the tube began to give off a fluorescent glow. Roentgen then shielded the tube with heavy black paper and discovered a green colored fluorescent light could be seen coming from a screen located a few feet away from the tube.
Roscher, Nina M., and Cavanaugh, Margaret A. (1987). "Academic Women Chemists in the 20th Century: Past, Present, Projections." Journal of Chemical Education 64:823-827.
"The Discovery of X-Rays." The Discovery of X-Rays. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. .
and opened doors for later scientists that were in his field of organic synthesis. He was a
Discovered that certain chemicals glowed when exposed to cathode rays. These chemicals were special because they weren’t deflected by the magnetic field produced in the cathode ray tube (which was built by Sir William Crookes in 1870).
The 20th century was filled with advancements in science and technology as chemists rapidly began introducing new techniques and discoveries into the world. Linus Carl Pauling is one of the most well recognized scientists of the 1900’s as his assortment of knowledge spread across many topics of science. Pauling was born in Portland, Oregon where he was forced to begin working at a young age of twelve due to his father’s death when he was merely nine. Although Pauling was often preoccupied with family responsibilities, he quickly realized his interest in the field of science. In 1922 Pauling finished his schooling at Oregon Agricultural College in Corvallis with a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering. To quote a biography written by the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University, Linus was “a remarkable man who insistently addressed certain crucial human problems while pursuing an amazing array of scientific interests, Dr. Pauling was almost as well known to the American public as he was to the world’s scientific community” (n.p., n.d.). It is apparent that Linus Carl Pauling is glorified as one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century, because he had a historical impact in science, an effect on society, and a personal impact on everyone around him.
Many discoveries in our vast universe can be attributed to amateur astronomers. I remember my first time discovering the moon with a simple telescope. Dr. William Huggins is what we can call an amateur. He is by far one of the wealthiest “amateurs” and influential astronomers of his time. Sir William Huggins was born in Stoke Newington, England on Feb. 7, 1824. Dr. William was born into a wealthy family and spent most of his time not having to work. He took advantage of this and worked with private tutors in the fields of mathematics, physics, and chemistry. Sir Williams was a self-motivated learner. Even at younger ages he showed interest in many studies. He built apparatuses little by little to conduct his experiments. At the age of 28 he was appointed to the Microscopical Society for his studies of plants and animals physiology. During this period of his life, Sir Williams was not much of an Astronomer. He spent much of his time working at his parent’s business located in London.
The usage of vague and opinionated premises in the theory of the “Dark Sucker” causes some second guessing and misconstrues the reliability of the theory. In comparison to the standard “Photon Emitting” theory, the Dark sucker theory does not produce a clear explanation of why a light bulb should be considered a Dark Sucker. The Dark Sucker theory cannot be proven better than the scientific theory of the way that light is emitted and visual to human eyes. The Explanations that are given by the Dark Sucker theory can all be re-explained in vivid details, along with common scientific laws, such as its reason for the black smut, which can be re-explained through science as the residue left from the heated material as it is burnt during the transfer of kinetic energy from the atoms as they explode and transfer energy from one another. The Criteria of Adequacy can also further prove why
John Dalton, born 6th September 1766, is known for developing the theory of the elements and compounds atomic mass and weights and his research in colour blindness.
... Royal Society. He discovered numerous things about matters such as light and gravity, and in 1703 was elected as president of the Royal Society.
Robert Boyle is the most influential Anglo-Irish scientist in history. He played a key role in the history of science by establishing the experimental method, on which all modern science is based (Mollan). Also, with his assistant Robert Hooke, he began pioneering experiments on the properties of gases, including those expressed in Boyle's law. He demonstrated the physical characteristics of air, showing that is is necessary in combustion, respiration, and sound transmission. He also wrote The Sceptical Chymist in 1661, in which he attacked Aristotle's theory of four elements. This was an essential part of the modern theory of chemical elements.
In the first several chapters of The Double Helix, James Watson gives detailed descriptions of the places and people who were of some importance in this charade of science. Watson wrote of his personal history and of how he arrived at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge. In this laboratory was a yet-unknown thirty-five year old man named Frances Crick . When Watson joined the team at Cavendish it was to help continue studies on the structure of proteins. Some of the people in the lab that Watson mentioned were Sir Lawr...
Bruce Mattson. “Henry Cavendish 1731-1810”. History of Gas Chemistry. Updated September 25, 2001. Retrieved December 1, 2011
Of all the scientists to emerge from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries there is one whose name is known by almost all living people. While most of these do not understand this mans work, everyone knows that his impact on the world is astonishing.
From a discovery made by one of his associates, he patented the Edison effect (now called thermionic diode), which is the basis for all electron tubes. Edison will forever be remembered for his contributions to the incandescent light bulb. Even though he didn't dream up the first light bulb ever crafted, and technology continues to change every day, Edison's work with light bulbs was a spark of brilliance on the timeline of invention.