The Irish began to experience issues with Britain when they overtook Ireland in the 12th century. The Irish revolutionaries have consistently fought against the British for their own independent nation. In order to cease all further struggles amongst Ireland and Britain, the Act of Union was created in 1800. The Act of Union sought to create the United Kingdom of Britain and Ireland. Unfortunately, this Act caused more distress between these two nations; the British imposed new laws discriminating against the Irish. Not only has Ireland endured much pain and anguish in their fight for freedom but Ireland also suffered one of the most brutal famines in history with little to no support from Great Britain, increasing the tension between these two nations. The Easter Rising of 1916 is regarded as one of the most noteworthy rebellions in the history of Ireland. Although the nationals gained much momentum during this insurrection, this rising is known as a military failure but an immense political victory for the Irish Republicans.
Beginning in the early 1900’s, the insurgence throughout Ireland began once again. James Connolly, an Irish societal leader, was the organizer of many rebellions in Ireland. One act specifically, where he lead a strike of general laborers, in which the managers locked
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Home Rule was the drawn out hope that Ireland would be free from the power of Great Britain. The true question in itself is, what if Home Rule was actually passed. Home Rule was created, “as a means of satisfying Irish aspirations within the framework of the United Kingdom” (Townshend 29). It was clear that Home Rule was not going to be passed, Ulster had chosen to not be involved in any further negotiations, and quickly threatened to rebel with weaponry. The threat changed all political and military dialect allowing a disaster to rapidly
* Pearce and Adelman B believed that Ireland benefited from the Union, especially after 1829, and ‘maintenance of the Union therefore became the bedrock of British policy for almost the next 100 years’. * Policies were often based on ignorance of the situation – the British tended to try to get away with as little as possible. For example, the Maynooth Grant 1845, Land Acts 1870 and 1881, the attempt to push Home Rule on the Irish in 1920 * ‘Irish practical problems were turned into English political ones’ (e.g. land) – something that they were n’t. Legislation was considered and judged in an English context, not in an Irish one.
Home rule is the power given by a state to a locality to enact legislation and manage its own affairs locally. Britain had allowed Americans the responsibility to manage their own domestic affairs and elect their own leaders. The British found the home rule agreeable as well because their main concern was to control America’s foreign commerce and guarantee itself a market for British manufactured goods and a steady supply of cheap raw materials.
Meagher, Timothy. “The Columbia Guide to Irish American History.” Columbia University Press- New York, 2005
The tense relationship between Ireland and England lasted for many years. There were constant attempts from the English government to exercise control over its neighbors, which were, at the same time, answered with several insurrections.
This all came to a head in 1798 when a small rebellion broke out. “It began with a blight of the potato crop that left acre upon acre of Irish farmland covered with black rot. ”(The Irish Famine, 1) This of course is in reference to the Irish Famine. The Irish Famine was another cause of the tensions in Ireland.
In order to legitimise a regime or cause, traditions may be constructed around historical or mythological events, people or symbols that reinforce the image required to focus people’s conception of the past. People can be encouraged to invent a cohesive view of their shared ‘traditions’ by what could be called cherry picking bits of history.
The British occupation of Ireland began in the 1640’s and lasted until 1922. No other occurrence throughout Irish history has had a greater impact on the lives of the citizens of the country. Along with the act of occupation came the emergence of Protestantism, which conflicted with the traditional religion of Ireland, Catholicism. The English occupation of Ireland affected many aspects of Irish history from the potato famine to the War for Independence. However, Irish nationalism came to a boiling point April of 1916, in what is now known as the Easter Uprising. The uprising lasted 6 days and resulted in massive casualties, but furthered the liberation cause for the Irish.
INTRODUCTION The history of Ireland "that most distressful nation" is full of drama and tragedy, but one of the most interesting stories is about what happened to the Irish during the mid-nineteenth century and how millions of Irish came to live in America (Purcell 31). Although the high point of the story was the years of the devastating potato famine from 1845 to 1848, historians have pointed out that immigrating from Ireland was becoming more popular before the famine and continued until the turn of the twentieth century. In the one hundred years between the first recording of immigrants in
When the Parliament Act of 1912 was passed it removed a huge obstacle. in the way of the home rule bill due to the fact that the House of Lords could not reject the bill if it had passed the House of Commons. three times and could delay the bill for up to two years. So in 1912 the third home rule bill was introduced by the liberals and Having made it through the Commons by Jan 1913 it was rejected by the Lords but would only have to wait until 1914 to become law under the new Parliament Act. Understandably, the introduction of a third home rule bill sparked a major political crisis and the time between the bill being rejected.
The Irish Republican Army was an Irish republic revolutionary military organization. It came from the Irish volunteers, which were created on November 25, 1913. The Irish volunteers started the Easter Rising in order to end the British Rule in Ireland, leading them to be titled as the Irish Republican Army in January 1919. In 1919, the Irish volunteers became confirmed by Irish Nationalists, Dail Eireann and were recognised as a legitimate army. The IRA raged Guerilla warfare against the British from 1919-1921, creating the Irish War of Independence. The IRA was active from January 1919 to March, 1922, though they are inactive now. The IRA’s main leader was IRA army council. Their headquarters were in Dublin Ireland, but they also operate out the United Kingdom, throughout Ireland, and Northern Ireland. The IRA was funded by extortion, bank robberies, and donations from their descendants. The Irish Republican Army’s main goal was to become independent from Great Britain.
Allison, Fiona. "The Irish War of Independence 1919-1921." suite101.com. suite101, 11 Jan 2010. Web. 16 Jan 2011.
Since 1972, the British Government has had mixed successes trying to establish peace in Northern Ireland. 1972 was the peak of the British unpopularity in Ireland, with the events of Bloody Sunday still fresh on the public consciousness; the Sunningdale agreement was drawn up. The Unionists saw this as a betrayal, giving into the southern rebels, and the IRA thought that this was an attempt to get the Southern Government to officially recognise the partition. Sunningdale fell almost immediately after a general strike proving the British had to change their strategy in order to achieve their goal of peace.
The Easter Uprising of 1916 was an event that happened at the tail end of a long list of events that would forever change Ireland. The Uprising or Rising, as some call it, took place mostly in Dublin but was felt throughout Ireland. The point was to gain independence from Great Britain who had ruled Ireland for the past couple hundred years. At the turn of the 19th century England believed that Ireland had too much independence and made the Act of Union. “The result was the Act of Union of 1801: the Irish parliament voted itself out of existence and England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales were formally politically unified for the first time” (Hegarty 2). Around the time of the First World War, Ireland began the fight for the Home Rule to be enacted. But this kind of rule was quickly overturned with the start of the Easter Rising in 1916; two years after World War I broke out in Europe. The pull of the Home Rule Act led to the formation of the Citizen Army which was a major cause of the Easter Rising. James Connolly used the Citizen Army to protect his newspaper “The Workers’ Republic” to call for an armed revolt (Green 5). The Easter Uprising left 440 British and 75 Irish troops dead in the end. To shows the disapproval of the Rising Britain publicly executed fifteen leaders of the Uprising and 60 others via firing squad. Many more other were sentenced to long prison terms.
Despite the oppressive nature of the Protestant Ascendancy, no rebellion took place in Ireland for more than a century after Williamite War. Ireland was in absolute tranquil mainly because Irish Catholic simply do not have the will to rebel against their protestant overlord again. The bloody defeat of the Jacobites, pro-James III Irish-Catholic dissenter, in Williamite War took a heavy toll on Ireland Catholic population both morally and economically.
To undertake a full thematic investigation of this period would be very much beyond the scope of this paper. Thus, the essay will embark on a high level chronological interpretation of some of the defining events and protagonists, which influenced the early modernization of Ireland during the period 1534-1750. The main focus of the paper will concentrating on the impact and supervision of the Tudor dynasty. Firstly, the essay will endeavour to gain an understanding as to what contemporary historians accept as being the concept of modernization during this time period. The paper will then continue by examine the incumbent societal and political structure of Ireland prior to the Tudor conquests. This will have the impact of highlight the modernising effects produced by the subsequent attempts by the Tudors to consolidate and centralise power in the hands of the State. Once more, due to the vast nature of the time period, not every modernizing effect can be examined. Therefore, the paper will concentrate on the modernization of the political landscape, land ownership and the impact this had on the geographic construct of the island.