Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland on August 6th, 1881. Fleming is credited with the discovery of the first antibiotic, penicillin. In 1928, Fleming began studying the staphylococcus bacteria on his patients. After accidently leaving a petri dish with the staphylococcus bacteria out in the open, a penicillin mold spore got into the culture. When Fleming went to study the petri dish, he noticed that some bacteria growth in the petri dish had been inhibited by an antibacterial, which he named penicillin. Fleming struggled with isolating penicillin, so he had difficulties gathering enough penicillin for clinical trials. As a result of the complications gathering penicillin, Fleming wasn’t able to administer penicillin to patients, so it wasn’t
The Factor of War in the Development of Penicillin The discovery, development and subsequent use of penicillin can be considered to be one of the most important breakthroughs in medical history. There were many factors, which were involved in the development of penicillin, and it could be argued that war was the most important, but other factors were also responsible. Alexander Fleming was working in London as a bacteriologist in 1928 when he noticed that a growth of a mould called penicillin produced a substance that actually killed the germs he was working on. He realised that this might be very important and a year later he wrote an article about his findings. However, Fleming did not have the facilities or the support to develop and test his idea that penicillin could fight infection, and he didn't develop it further.
Adegoke AA, Tom M, Okoh AI, Jacob S (2010) Studies on multiple antibiotic resistant bacterial isolated from surgical site infection. Scient Res. Essays 5:3876-81.
Years later other scientists were also intrigued by the possibilities of penicillin and produced enough penicillin to prove that it was a useable antibiotic. The scientists from Great Britain were developing all of this during World War II, and unfortunately funding for their drug was unavailable due to the war. They decided to bring their concepts to the United States, and once enough was made, it was eventually used, to treat wounded soldiers during World War I.
Stewart, Philip S, (2001) states that antibiotics are elements that are used to kill, or hinder the multiplication and growth of organisms. Especially, these antibiotics are meant to control fungi and bacteria. In this case, the antibiotics that are used in killing bacteria are referred to as bactericidal, and the ones that are used to prevent the multiplication process are bacteriostatic. The primary microbes for antibiotics are bacteria and fungi. These microorganisms are crucial to facilitate the secretion of substances that kill harmful bacteria which confer competition for the limited available nutrients (Southern, P. J., &Berg, 1981).
Louis Pasteur was born December 271822 in Dole, France. When he was five, his family moved to Arbois, France. He attended college in Paris and received a Doctor of Science degree in 1847. He began teaching chemistry at the University of Strasbourg, where he met his wife, Marie Laurent, who shared Pasteur’s interest in science. Marie and Pasteur married in 1849 and had five children, two of which survived to adulthood. Pasteur eventually went on to instruct chemistry and became dean of the school of science at the University of Lille.
The decade between 1920 and 1930 was a milestone for many health breakthroughs. The work that was done in the 1920’s had a major impact in increasing overall life expectancy. Penicillin and insulin are an easy fix for sore throats and diabetes, respectively.
Penicillin, the first antibiotic, was discovered accidentally by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928. Sir Fleming was growing bacteria on agar plates and accidentally left one of the plates open. A mould started growing on this. Fleming noticed that no bacteria grew
Now during his time of teaching and being a part of administration at these different schools, he was also researching and performing studies in his labs. These breakthroughs are what Pasteur tends to be remembered for. One of his most well-known works is his work on the Germ Theory of Fermentation. Around this time many people believed in spontaneous generation. Spontaneous generation states that living organisms would develop from nonliving matter. Pasteur disproved this using boiled broths. He placed them in tubes with longs necks that did not allow particles to get in. No bacteria formed when the tube had the long filter on it. When he used regular tubes, the bacteria would form, thus proving that the origins of bacteria were caused by spores or dust particles and not by the broth itself. This began the theory of biogenesis which then caused spontaneous generations to be forgotten and disregarded. From here, Pasteur 's research showed that beers, milks, and other beverages would be spoiled due to the growth of these micro-organisms. He then invented a process of heating up the liquids in order to kill them and disinfect the liquids. This process is known as Pasteurization. He also hypothesized that micro-organisms caused human and animal diseases and could be prevented by not letting them into the body. Because of this, Joseph Lister inventing antiseptics to use in surgery, which helped to prevent diseases
In 1928, Alexander Fleming, a Scottish biologist, pharmacologist, and botanist, discovered the first natural antibiotic: Penicillin. All of you reading this have at some point in time made use of his discovery. Penicillin antibiotics were among the first drugs to be effective against many previously serious diseases, such as syphilis and infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci. Antibiotics in general remain one of the cornerstones of modern health care, acting as something we all hope to rely on when we get sick. We could very easily name the 20th century “the age of the antibiotic,” and it would be well deserved, indeed. But time is running out.
Calcium chloride was discovered in the 15th century but received little attention or study until 1808 by an English Chemist named Humphrey Davy.
World War 2 majorly increased medical knowledge because of disease, mass injury, and rebuilding efforts. World war 2 Ran rampant with diseases, infections, and illness in not only soldiers, but civilians too. Gangrene was a massive problem during the war, But with the inventions of the time A way to prevent further sickness Quickly developed under the chaos of rifle fire. The use of sulfur to prevent illness wa discovered, along with things like prontosil, and penicillin to stop infections. For civilians The war sped the work to discover. In the Battlefield Hospitals Were built with not only supplies to help sustain life, But filled with knowledge in books. And with the newly acquired radio,Though Not Perfect, made Communication across miles
Lister graduated with honors in 1852 and went on to join the Royale College of Surgeons. He worked for a year as a surgeon and physician and then moved to Edinburgh where he studied and assisted Dr. James Symes for six years. He went on to marry Syme’s daughter who was a valuable assistant to Lister throughout his career.
Lavoisier, the father of modern chemistry, and when he came to America he brought some of
The discovery of antibiotics is attributed to Alexander Fleming who discovered the first antibiotic to be commercially used (Penicillin) in approximately 1928. An antibiotic, also known as an antimicrobial, is a medication that is taken in order to either destroy or slow the growth rate of bacteria. Antibiotics are integral to the success of many medical practises, such as; surgical procedures, organ transplants, the treatment of cancer and the treatment of the critically ill. (Ramanan Laxminarayan, 2013)
Alexander Fleming started the history of antibiotics in the 1920's with his discovery of penicillin.When penicillin was first discovered and used widely, it was touted as a wonder drug, and consequently was used as one.Though not necessarily harmful to the patient penicillin was used for much more infections than it was able to combat.Today the same practice is observed in the medical profession, however at this point it is due more to the detriment of an uneducated public.Studies have been carried out that show the huge over usage of antibiotics.In the seventies Soyka et al, concluded, "60% of physicians surveyed gave antibiotics for the treatment of the common cold."[3], and by common knowledge the common cold is a virus, something that cannot be treated by an antibiotic.Nyquist