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essay on health equity
essay on health equity
essay on health equity
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In welfare equity means social justice or fairness; it is treated as ethical concept, based on the principle of distributive justice. The words equity and equality are not same, equity is value based concept equality is not. Health equity we means that the study of differences in quality of health and health services across different populations, whereas, health equality refers to measurement of difference in health outcome. Equity implies some kind of social injustice, whereas equality does not. The concept of health equity focuses attention on the distribution of resources and other processes that drive a particular kind of health inequality-that is, a systematic inequality in health between more of less advantaged social group. Other words, …show more content…
The socio economic status and outcomes are based on, the people are rich, their health would be better than those who are poor. Poverty has many roots- material deprivation (of food, shelter, sanitation and safe drinking water), Social exclusion, Lack of education, unemployment and lower income, that all work together to reduce opportunities, limit choices, undermine hope, result, threaten health (sen, 2003). Poverty has been linked many higher prevalence health conditions, increase risk of chronic disease, injury, deprived infant development, stress, anxiety, depression and premature death (NFHS-3, …show more content…
The socio economic inequality is often cited as the main fundamental cause of differential health outcomes among men and women. Gender, as structural determinant of health operates through different intermediary determinants that influence the maternal and reproductive health of women and their access to care. This also causes to influence attitudes towards the use of contraceptives and women’s ability to make decision on family planning. Early marriage and early pregnancy leads to high fertility and puts women in danger of anaemia and pregnancy complication, infant mortality also high in children among young mothers. Weak health system, weak information system, discontinuity of care, unsupported health workers and limited referred and accountability, etc. has the implication for the ability to prevent maternal mortality among women seeking care during
Socioeconomic status can limit access to healthcare in many ways. Several Americans do not have the means to receive healthcare although it is readily available to the entire population. A person’s social status, urban community and financial background can all have an impact as to how access to healthcare is achieved. While there are many factors that limit access to healthcare, I will discuss how these particular factors play a role with accessing healthcare services. Why do low income individuals tend to have high risk factors that result in poor health outcomes? What are some of the factors that determine better health outcomes? These are some of the questions that come up when trying to understand the influence of health outcomes. An individual’s socioeconomic status can alter their healthcare choices and status based on education, income, surroundings and/or occupation levels.
Current research suggests the countries with the smallest income differences have the best health status rather than the richest countries. Where income differences remain great, as in this country, health inequalities will persist. For example: Children in the lowest social class are five times more likely to die from an accident than those in the top social class, Infant mortality rates are highest among the lowest social
Mukherjee, S. (2013, July 30). Four Ways That Poverty Hurts Americans’ Long-Term Health. Retrieved November 12, 2014, from http://thinkprogress.org/health/2013/07/30/2381471/four-ways-poverty-impacts-americans-health/
A health disparity is a term used to show that there are inequalities that occur in the healthcare system. Race, sex, age, disability, and socioeconomic status can all attribute to a person 's health outcome. According to Healthy People 2020, health disparity is defined as “a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage. Health disparities adversely affect groups of people who have systematically experienced greater obstacles to health based on their racial or ethnic group; religion; socioeconomic status; gender; age; mental health; cognitive, sensory, or physical disability; sexual orientation or gender identity; geographic location; or other characteristics historically linked to discrimination or exclusion.” In the United States, many ethnic minorities experience the effects of health disparities. African American, Asian American, Latinos, and Native Americans have a higher occurrence of poor health outcomes compared to the white population. Some examples of health disparities include: African American men, for instance, are more likely to die from cancer than white men. White women are more likely to develop breast cancer than African-American women. African-American men are more likely than white men to develop prostate
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are increasingly becoming a major problem of Public Health around the World. The impact of resources and material deprivation among people and populations has resulted in an increase in mortality rate on a planetary scale. Social determinants of health are defined as the personal, social, economic and the environmental conditions which determines the health status of an individual or population (Gardner, 2013). Today’s society is characterized by inequalities in health, education, income and many other factors which as a result is becoming a burden for Public Health around the world. Research studies have shown that the conditions in which people live and work strongly influenced their health. Individuals with high levels of education and fall within the high income bracket turn to have stable jobs, live in the best neighborhood and have access to quality health care system than individuals who have low education and fall with the low income bracket. This paper is to explain different social determinants of health and how they play ...
Over the years, the social determinants of health (SDOH) have been receiving more attention due to its importance in determining peoples’ health access, health quality and health outcome. The social determinants of health have been described by various scholars as the situation or environmental condition in which people are born, or where they grow, live and work; unfortunately these conditions have continued to affect and determine people’s ability to access proper care.1-5 In other words, the SDOH continues to consciously and unconsciously influence people’s access to most opportunities in life including access to healthcare services both in developed and developing countries.2 This issues have continue to deteriorate in most developing countries increasing people’s susceptibility to multi-morbidity among different age groups, with a slight increase among the elderly.6
Steinbach, R (2009) Equality, equity and policy [online] Health Knowledge. Available at: http://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/medical-sociology-policy-economics/4c-equality-equity-policy/inequalities-distribution [Accessed 3 January 2012]
Socioeconomic Disparities and health are growing at a rapid rate throughout the United States of America. To further understand the meaning of Socioeconomic Disparities, Health and Socioeconomic disparities & health, this essay will assist in providing evidence. Disparities can be defined in many ways, of which include ethnic and racial background and class types that deal with it the most. Due to the low income some individuals receive, they have less access to health care and are at risk for major health issues. Although, ethnicity and socioeconomic status should not determine the level of health care one should receive or whether not the individual receives healthcare.
In my opinion, equality is not about being politically correct or telling people what they can and cannot say Its about treating others as you would want to be treated .Equality means making sure patient is been treated equally regardless of colour, age, gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation and disability. For the NHS, this means every individual have the right to be treated fairly and equally to be able to access services. By so doing , It gives out a positive message and encourage an atmosphere of respect . However, As stated in the Equality Act 2010, the act protect and prevent people who are disabled and vulnerable people from discrimination.
Determinants of health extends far beyond healthcare and is influenced by social and economic determinants. Poor health is linked to poverty and all health choices depend on available resources and circumstances. The rural area is faced with more hindrances for getting quality healthcare. Those whom live in these areas are more likely to be malnourished and be exposed to unclean water and indoor smoking. These factors should be included when doing an analysis of health benefits, Health seeking behavior can be used as well and classified as family, community healthcare services and the state. Social economic status only looks at the inequalities when other factors such as lifestyle, ethnicity, and education should be included as well. The factors are not always included with health policies (Shaikh, 2008).
Poverty is “the inability to acquire enough money to meet basic needs including food, clothing and shelter” (Gosselin,2009). This social disadvantage limits one’s ability to receive a quality education and it is a constant problem throughout the world accompanied with“deleterious impacts on almost all aspects of family life and outcomes for children”(Ravallion,1992). Poverty is a main factor that affects normal human growth and development in a variety of ways, primarily impacting children’s early development, social behaviour, health, and self worth.
In the United States is Health Care Equally Distributed? The Health Care Industry is one of the largest Social Institutions, made to ensure a communities wellbeing. The issue at hand, Health Care distribution is directly correlated to one’s income. In most cases Health care is often not distributed to those who need it but cannot afford it, and is to those who can afford it and may not need it. Health Care equality can be related to both Conflict and Functionalist Theories.
Poverty is an ever-growing problem throughout our modern world, with millions living in its extremes. There are many consequences of poverty and the way they affect children and family life is absolutely detrimental. Poverty can be simply defined as “the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions” (Encyclopedia Britannica 2014). There are two distinct variations of poverty – absolute poverty and relative poverty, which will be further discussed throughout this essay. The total number of people worldwide who live on less than $2.50 (the bare minimum of the poverty line) is 3 billion (Global Issues, The Human Development Report, 2012). According to many, there are a varied number of consequences for those who live in poverty, especially children and families. The effects of poverty have proven to have detrimental effects on child development and the nature of family life. Saunders (2005) reiterates these factors of poverty in his book “The Consequences of Poverty”. This essay will state the many aspects of poverty and the detrimental effects its holds within child development, family life and the health of indiviudals.
Although male and female seem to face similar situations in getting access to health treatment, female seem to have more disadvantages in many potential aspects. Due to gendered physical fitness, female are more likely to be exposed diseases and infections, such as parasitization, viral infection, and genetic diseases; in addition, they are more vulnerable to other negative impact on health, including poor food safety, polluted water, accidents, natural disasters and other physical damage (Racheal et al, 1997). Moreover, women are supposed to undertake reproduction of a family, therefore, their reproductive health conditions are often worse than male, since a full reproductive process includes sex activities, family planning, pregnancy, postpartum nursing, and child raising (National Research Council, 2003). Throughout this process, there is much chance for female to get injured both physically and psychologically. First of all, female are more easily to get abused from sexual violence both in and out of marital relationships. They may experience violent oppression in sexual activities, and have to accept pregnancy under compulsory circumstances and family pressure. Second, female may suffer from depression, anxiety and other kinds of mental disorder before and after they give birth. Third, lack of appropriate postpartum nursing may leave female with severe sequelae and damage, especially in areas with poor medical conditions, and in families where there is a urgent demand for puerperal women to get back to daily work as soon as
Dew and Matheson (2008) state that the disciplines of epidemiology and social epidemiology have progressively given more descriptions of health inequalities. They also state that epidemiology mainly focuses on how and from where infectious diseases spread, whereas social epidemiology looks at the patterning of health outcomes involved with social characteristics such as gender, ethnicity and income in order to find the causes of differences between these groups. Key determinants of maternity care in rural areas are education, income, a sense of control over life circumstances and access to health care services (Ministry of Health [MoH], 2000).