Hooligans
“Hundreds of English fans have been departed from Belgium after scenes of mass violence in Belgian cities and football authorities have threatened to expel the English team from the competition if there is another outbreak of the English Disease”
This was an article dated 20 June 2000 written by an English journalist. It is obvious from this article that world is facing a great problem nowadays.
Actually it would be wrong to use the term ‘nowadays’ because the ‘English Disease’ namely hooliganism have been a problem for many centuries.
There are many things to say on hooliganism but first it would be better to start with its definition. Hooliganism doesn’t have a standard definition. But it can be defined as destruction of properties or injury to persons, sometimes involving theft, whether by a gang or a small group of young people. Hooliganism is characterised as a lack of self-control, love of malicious mischief and idleness passing into dishonest and crime. Hooligans are usually made up of boys and young men, aged between 15 and 25 and their main targets are other groups, who only differ from them in their being composed of fans of another football team.
And another interesting fact about hooligans is that they consider themselves to be true fans: they support the team for better or worse, they create the highly praised ‘atmosphere’ inside stadiums. Their main interest does not seem much to see brilliant football but to see their team win.
As I mentioned in the beginning football hooliganism is known as the ‘English Disease’ but it has been a problem throughout Europe especially in Germany, Holland, Italy and Belgium as well as in the UK. Also Greece, Czech Republic, Denmark, Austria and Turkey witnessed these disturbances in football matches.
There are a lot of work done all around the world to avoid the harm hooligans give to the environment and themselves. European Parliament and the National Parliaments of the European Union made effort to avoid the violence throughout Europe. European Council issued a report on hooliganism September 1999 and tried to take further steps on this problem.
After all the work done by various sociologists and initiatives of the European Institutions still it is difficult to observe decline in violence in European Stadiums.
To make it clear that World is suffering enough from hooliganism for many years...
... middle of paper ...
...cisive measures like banning Britain from football games. I want to end my essay with an article written by Graham L. Jones in 26.06.2000. This article will be helpful in making a summary of the works about hooliganism.
‘The time for talk is over: Ban the Brits! Don’t wait another minute. Forget the possible quarterfinal game. Send Britain from Euro 2000 back to home. Yes, it’s my own country I’m talking about. And yes, it’s the team and players that I want to see pay the price for the absolute ineffectiveness of English Government and English judiciary doing nothing about hooliganism’
Bibliography
HOLT R. 1989.Sport and the British. Oxford: Oxford University Press
KERR H. 1994.Understanding Soccer Hooliganism. Buckingam: Open University Press
TAYLOR R. 1992.Football and its Fans. Leicester: Leicester Universty Press
Resources from Internet
noviolence.com/archives
dailynews.yahoo.com-22.06.2000
bbc.com- Hooliganism made in England but big abroad-26.02.1998
titonet.com/hooligans
thesportjournal.com- A developmental view of soccer hooliganism by A.J Harley
intorminc.co.uk- Hooliganism-a political football
eserver.org- Playing for England by Paul Smith
Murray, O. (2011, January). A Call for K-12 Schools to Invest in Social Justice Education. The Education Digest, 76(5), 60-64.
…There was no question of celebration in the minds of the fans who invaded from the West end of the ground. They had violence in mind and no sooner was it offered than it was returned with enthusiasm. The brutal and disgusting scenes which followed as bottles flew and drunken supporters charged and counter-charged from one end of the field to that other, brought disgrace upon the two clubs concerned, upon Scottish football generally, and were an affront to Scotland as a nation (Murray 196).
Canada is overdue for an electoral reform. Canada’s current first-past-the-post electoral system is an outdated and unfair electoral system; a Mixed Member Parliament electoral system can solve many of the issues that come about FPTP. The MMP electoral system is a proportional system where the proportion of votes a party wins, is the proportion of seats they get in Parliament. Each voter gets two votes: the first vote goes to the voter’s choice of local representation, the second vote goes to their choice political party. The first major issue with FPTP electoral system is it over-rewards the winning party, leaving many Canadians without any representation in Parliament. Secondly, Canada’s current electoral system promotes strategic voting,
Sharpie has been putting its mark on society as well as a variety of other surfaces since its inception in 1964. Today, Sharpie is the most popular choice of permanent marker in the world, available in over 20 countries. In the recent digital age, Sharpie was predicted to struggle as physical printing methods fell out of favor in exchange for keyboards and touch screens. However, parent company Newell Rubbermaid has taken some creative and unique marketing approaches to keep the Sharpie brand as a household name. New advertising methods, as well as embracing social media outlets such as Facebook have led to Sharpie becoming more popular than ever.
During our class labor negotiation my team was on the union side of the negotiation. When making our decisions about each topic we looked at what the union side wanted and what the management side wanted. My team decided that it was best to shoot high and if the management side did not like this then we would aim to at least get the market average. My team pretty much agreed on everything. Lorenzo and David were our chief negotiator and
Young, K. (2007). From Violence in Sport to Sports-Related Violence: Widening the Focus. Sport in Society: A Student Introduction, Second Edition. London. Sage Publications.
...will decide how much tribalism they wish to get involved in, even if it is simply wearing the jersey; or getting involved in heavy duty teasing with the rival fans of their favorite football team; or even if they simply decorated their own home with every piece of team collectables available for purchase. Whatever an individual does or decides to continue to do I remain convinced that it is actually the tribalism that is more important that the football and if that tribalism dies, than professional football becomes starved of its founding roots and dies. And that my friends, is the scariest thought of it all. Even though I am a strong supporter of tribalism in football, I do feel as that the extreme football hooliganism violence that takes place in the book “How Soccer Explains The World” is unnecessary and the violence does not need to happen along with tribalism.
In Europe, Football has been compared to a ritual- a must do or have an aspect of social life (King, par 1). Soccer in this part of the world is idolized and makes up a big part of income generating fields. According to King (par 5), sports, specifically soccer in Europe forms a landmark that shapes the politics and sociology of a people, which then translates into the development of
Kraft, M. (2007). Toward a school-wide model of teaching for social justice: An examination of the best practices of two small public schools. Equity & Excellence in Education, 40, 77–86.
It was a bright, August day, with a temperature to match. At least 85°, sun outside was at its peak, with not a cloud to be seen for miles. Such a day is almost unheard of in southern Germany, where the weather tends to be milder year round. It was the perfect day to begin the new season, as well as my first match. I had played many games before this day – nine years’ worth in fact. However, they had all been in the United States, where football is the king of sports. Although the atmosphere was similar, there were distinct, yet almost intangible differences. Many devoted soccer fans do exist in the United States, but the aura at many matches seems to be rather lackluster. Many of those present appear to be disinterested, and it is rarer to see a full venue than in Europe. The set up and division of the sport alone set itself apart from the US. Schools do not have sports teams, only clubs and cities do. Most of the players had been with the same coach and team members since they...
“Football Factory” is a raw and powerful novel by John King depicting football hooliganism in Britain. The center character is Tom Johnson; he in his late twenties, and a white Anglo-Saxon working class male. He is a hooligan who supports Chelsea, the South London football club. For the protagonist, Tom Johnson, and others like him, Chelsea football matches, both home and away, provided the opportunity to vent their pent-up rage and fight ‘wars’ against what they view as a repressive society in Britain. In their minds, this repressive society is represented by the police, politicians, the press, armchair fans, the middle class, intellectuals, communists, women, and in terms of football related violence, opposing firms or fans. The hooligans refer to almost everyone as the “the scum of the earth" (King, 31). The book gives detailed information about brutal fights and violence. The novel does not follow a classic narrative structure. There is no character development and no attempts at redemption. “Football Factory” is not really driven by plot or character development as would be expected in a classical narrative, but uses characters and circumstances to make a statement about society, the welfare state, and poverty. The book also provides an inner look at the class divide from the perspective of working class British society, as well as providing an inside look at hooliganism in general, without prejudice or judgment, which enables the reader to make their own judgments and engage with the frustrations of youth in Britain.
Known as the world’s most popular sport, professional soccer has helped create and define different groups of people around the world for longer than a century. The hoopla surrounding teams, geographic areas fans dwell in, and political ideals associated with individual clubs have carved an identity for millions of supporters whose heart and soul becomes dedicated to their favorite players, stadiums, and coaches. Soccer teams and their fans can give us a window into how people can be divided and defined by their allegiances and ideals, and why those with similar views band together to create a familiar environment for themselves.
Research guided by conflict theory generally falls into the following categories: 1) studies of how athletes become alienated from their own bodies; 2) studies of how sports can be used to coerce and control people; 3) studies of sports and the development of commercialism in society; 4) studies of sports and various forms of nationalism and militarism; and 5) studies of sports and racism and sexism. (Coakley, 1998) In the book, Meggyesy provided examples of each of these categories which occurred during his footba...
...ent behavior in order to win the game. Whereas, “sports violence can be seen as either an example of laudable competitive drive present in worthy participates or an underhanded attempts at rule bending” (Raney & Depalma, 2006). Moreover, decades of media exposure may have led to an increase in the acceptance of violence. Is media coverage exploiting sports violence and aggression for ratings? It’s unclear if fans are becoming desensitized and/or imitating the violence witnessed through the medium of media. Regardless, it’s abundantly clear the changes need to be made in light of the negative effects. Identifying and examining media’s role in the public’s acceptance of aggressive behavior in sports may aid society in minimizing the violence and aggression as much as possible surrounding sporting events to make sporting events safer for both players and fans.
The topic I have chosen for research paper is HOOLIGANISM in football. Although football hooliganism only became recognized by government and the media as a serious problem in the 1960s, hooligan behavior at football has a long history. Between the wars, football generally became more ‘respectable’ and crowd problems diminished but did not disappear. As far as most football fans at top matches are concerned, hooliganism no longer seems to be a terribly serious problem. In 2000, 19% of all FA Premier League fans reported they had witnessed hooliganism or missile throwing at matches in the 1999/2000 season. When asked which are the serious problems facing the game today FA Premier League fans pointed to ticket prices, ‘big business’ and kick-off times. Only 28% highlighted hooliganism. Also, in 2001 only 7% of all FA Premier League club supporters thought hooliganism was actually increasing as a problem at football. In the Football League, hooliganism seems to be a problem around a relatively small number of clubs and specific matches. However, the NCIS annual list of football incidents seems more likely these days to involve rivals from noted Football League clubs than supporters of the larger FA Premier League outfits. (Sir Norman Chester research Centre data)