The highest mortality rate in trauma patients with massive haemorrhage initially develops with hypothermia, coagulopathy and acidosis. Coagulopathy, which can be defined as the disorder whereby the body experiences the inability of the blood to coagulate, together with hypothermia and acidosis, form the three main components of “the trauma triad of death”(Anthony et al, 2005) and in lieu of this fact, it is important to ascertain the role of temperature on maintaining homeostasis. With this in mind, an experiment to investigate how the temperature of clotting chemicals affect blood coagulation in the circulatory system, specifically in the cases of hyperthermia and hypothermia, and the effects on homeostasis within the body, will be performed.
Human homeostasis according to Marieb et al (2007) refers “to the body’s ability to physiologically regulate its inner environment to ensure its stability in response to fluctuations in the outside environment and the weather.” The article goes on to state that a condition known as Homeostatic imbalance occurs when the body fails to maintain homeostasis and this may lead to death. Therefore, thermoregulation plays an important part in human homeostasis, as humans are warm- blooded, needing to maintain a near-constant body temperature. Extremes of temperature, both high and low, therefore, pose serious stresses for the human body which can lead to injury and death. When the body experiences severe trauma, body temperature drops significantly, which in turn causes coagulopathy and, in cases of excessive bleeding, proves fatal. The survival of the patient is therefore dependent on the maintenance of haemostasis, the process whereby bleeding is halted, coagulation being the major part. As expla...
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...uring trauma resuscitation. Hyperthermia, on the other hand, does not seem to have a significant effect on coagulation. Measures have been taken in hospitals and trauma units in recent years to warm the rooms and patients (without inducing hyperthermia) using warming blankets, heaters etc. Dirkmann et al (2008) reinforces this view when they state that “massive haemorrhage in patients with major trauma is the second most common cause of death and the most common in-hospital mortality during the first 48 hour and early post-operative period.” Like Anthony et al, they state that the highest mortality occurs in patients with hypothermia, acidosis and coagulopathy. So with this “lethal triad of trauma” in mind, it is necessary to insure that hypothermia in trauma patients and post-operative patients is prevented, and if not, must be carefully monitored and controlled.
Determining the seriousness and appropriate treatment of a burn requires its classification. Burns are classified according to three factors, the depth and number of affected tissue layers, the total percentage of the body surface that is involved, and the presence of homeostasis disruption or destruction such as respiratory distress, fluid loss, or loss of blood pressure control (Patton & Thibodeau, 2014). According to Mr. MacPherson’s appearance and symptoms, his burns are classified as second-degree or partial-thickness burns. The evidence for this diagnosis according to Patton and Thibodeau (2014), are his presenting symptoms of severe pain and the appearance of blisters, edema, and fluid loss. This type of bur...
Homeostasis is the biological process that maintains a stable internal environment despite what occurs in the external environment. Chemicals and bodily functions are maintained in a balanced state so the body may function optimally. There are various systems in the human body that require maintenance through the processes of biochemical checks and balances so they may function properly. One of these systems includes the rise and fall of blood glucose and is under the control of the homeostatic regulation process. Homeostasis is essential in blood glucose regulation as high blood glucose levels (hyperglycaemia) and low blood glucose levels (hypoglycaemia) are dangerous and can affect the human body in many ways and can also lead
There is a variety of homeostatic procedures that the internal environment maintains within an acceptable limit. Without the control of the homeostatic system the body suffers various issues. These issues like cellular failure can
Wilson, W., McGrande, C and Hoyt, D. (2013) Trauma: Emergency Resuscitation, Perioperative Anesthesia, Surgical Management, Vol 1, CRC Press: New York
The ANS is part of the peripheral nervous system, being split into sympathetic pathways, which prepare the body for action and parasympathetic pathways which prepare the body for rest. This regulates the functions of the body and some of the muscles automatically.
Endocrinology can be defined as the study of the structure and function of the endocrine system (Tortora & Grabowski 1996). The endocrine system is composed cells, known as endocrine cells, which are distributed around the body and produce the chemical messengers known as hormones. Following secretion by endocrine cells, hormones travel in the blood where they affect tissues outside of their tissue of origin - and are therefore a form of cellular communication. In multicellular organisms, such as humans, cellular communication is essential for a number of body processes and the maintenance of homeostasis (Campbell, N.A. et al. 2015). In this essay, I am going to outline some of a number of body
Being hypothermic or having frostbite on any parts of your body can be very dangerous. It is very easy to get caught off guard and not be prepared for the effects to your body that hypothermia and frostbite create. If not handled properly you could have limbs amputated or you could even die. The statements made throughout this paper have told us how to treat and prevent hypothermia. They have also told us how to be wary of frostbite and the damage it can do to our bodies. Be aware of hypothermia and frostbite anywhere you go and never get caught of guard and unprepared.
In septic patients, increased levels of PAI-1 inhibit plasminogen activator (t-PA), which converts plasminogen to plasmin. Release of fibrin inhibits fibrinolysis by activation of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI). In addition, the release of PAF causes platelet aggregation. This combination of inhibition of fibrinolysis, fibrin strand production and platelet aggregation contribute to a state of coagulopathy. This can lead to microcirculatory dysfunction with isolated or multiple organ dysfunction and cell death. Mr Hertz’s coagulation profile showed a fibrinogen level of 5.6 g/L, indicating that coagulopathies were underway in his system.
Our body need a type of mechanism that is needed to maintain its internal environment. This is usually controlled by the process of homeostasis. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment (that means keeping the condition inside your body the same).
Lifestyle choices affect cardiovascular, psychological, and nutritional health. Making healthy choices can prolong a person’s life and prevent chronic diseases. Chronic disease is long-term medical conditions that are progressive. Daily habits have a significant influence on one’s health. Healthy lifestyle habits can ensure that your body stays as healthy as possible. Overeating and unhealthy habits can lead to obesity. The United States has been facing high rates of obesity due to nutrition and physical behaviors. Nearly 70% of Americans are overweight or obese. Being overweight or obese can lead to cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease refers to conditions that involve blocked blood vessels that can lead to heart attack, chest pain, or stroke. Cardiovascular disease is very preventable and many health agencies are working on strategies to protect the hearts of Americans. Changing behaviors and habit are keys to preventing cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is caused when excess weight increases the strain on the body requiring more cardiac workload. When there is weight gain, the heart has to pump more blood than before. The heart enlarges so that more blood can be pumped more through with each beat. Cardiovascular disease can include high blood pressure, diabetes, and abnormal cholesterol levels. Obesity is a factor of heart damaging choices. Many Americans could die from cardiovascular disease, which is often preventable
“Living with Burn Trauma,” an online article, states that “human skin is the largest organ of the body.” It provides many functions which assist humans to survive. What happens if this vital organ is destroyed? This is a question with which thousands of Americans are challenged annually. In the United States alone, 4,000 people die in burn accidents or from complications of burn injuries (“Prevention”). One common misconception is that burn victims have all come into contact with flames. Burns result from fires, electricity, hot liquids, chemicals, and even ultraviolet rays. Seeking medical attention for a proper diagnosis is critical to ensuring quality treatment and management of burns. Burn Centers have been established to help patients adapt to life after burns, which can be a great challenge. In today’s society, hospitals and medical professionals can treat burn victims, but the best remedy for burns is prevention.
Metabolism is extremely altered during the transition period. The prepartum is marked by an accentuated fetus growth (Bauman and Bruce Currie, 1980) and the onset of lactation; however, the postpartum is marked by an increase in milk production over time and deficit on the intake of nutrients. This situation causes a negative balance of nutrients, when the intake of nutrients does not meet the requirements of the animal; more specifically about energy, it is well-known that transition cows undergo negative energy balance (NEB), and it is easily characterized by body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) loss. Bertics et al., 1992, and Hayirli et al., 2002, observed that DMI is affected during the prepartum period, showing a decrease of about 30% on the last couple weeks before parturition. After parturition, DMI increases to support mainly the demands for lactation but it is still not enough to meet the animal demands (NRC, 2001). DMI is directly related to milk yield and strategies have been developed to maximize intake in order to increase milk production, this shows its importance by the fact of an increase of about 1 kg on milk production at peak of lactation reflects about 200 kg of extra milk on the current lactation. Providing quality feed and maximizing DMI during the transition period is of high importance in minimizing NEB and its detrimental effects consequently improving milk production. Metabolic demands are increased to support lactation, and homeorhetic adaptations occur to partition nutrients to the mammary gland. A good example it is the glucose metabolism, an important metabolite used as main fuel for cells and also transformed in lactose by the mammary gland, which is affected in order of trying to meet th...
Guidet et al(2) conducted a study in sepsis patients to find haemodynamic efficacy and safety between 6%HES 130/0.4 vs 0.9% NaCl. He found that volume requirement was less with HES than NaCl in inial phase of fluid resuscitation and also the time required to reach haemodynamic stability was less with HES. There was no difference between AKIN and RIFLE criteria between two groups. There was also no difference in mortality upto 90days after resuscitation.
Homeopathy is a type of alternative medicine. The beneficial effects of homeopathic medicines are controversial (1). Homeopathic medicines are based on the premise that like is cured by like. This premise states that a disease can be treated with a substance that causes the same signs and symptoms in a healthy individual.
My passion for “original” medicine, also known as natural medicine, will elicit an advancement in the diversity of medicine. There needs to be a paradigm shift in the way the field of medicine is viewed, by both the public and the physician. When I become a physician, I will indubitably utilize the power of natural medicine to offer vitality and true health to my patients. I will be an advocate of diversity and I will be a pioneer of what is seemingly “abstract” medicine, which has technically been around longer than any class of medication; simply, Foxglove (Digitalis Lanata) came before Digox, and Poppy (Papaver Somniferum) before Vicodin-case closed. The reality is that Western medicine is diametrically opposed to the medicine practiced by the cultures of many of America’s inhabitants. It is