Homeless encampments or tent cities are shockingly visible representations of poverty and dispossession, and their very visibility challenges the legitimacy of the capitalist economy and the aesthetic landscape of the competitive neoliberal city. For the daily audience of the housed, encountering homelessness in the city presents a number of difficult contrasts and juxtapositions. The close co-existence of improvised housing and capital-intensive projects of gentrification and of “misery in the midst of plenty” can be shocking or disturbing to the supporters and beneficiaries of the status quo (Marcuse 69). As Amster and Cook write, “the homeless exist because our economy exists” (14). One foundational fiction of capitalist society is that …show more content…
Aesthetic control in the city serves a number of purposes. For one, the zero-sum logic of interurban competition incentivizes the purification of urban space and the presentation of ‘cleanliness’ for the purposes of city marketing. As transfer payments decline as a source of revenue for municipal governments, cities are desperately attempting to enhance their international reputation for the purpose of attracting tourism and capital investment. The cleansing of visible poverty from urban space is accomplished through police harassment and displacement of visible poverty and other ‘undesirable’ uses of space(Kennelly 9). The city’s adaptation to market logics also influences the way urban space is produced and presented internally, to its own population. For example, concentrations of homeless people are said to deter visitors and consumers from traveling to and shopping in those parts of the city [BY WHO]. Visible homelessness is also targeted by city authorities because it disrupts attempts to render the city as a landscape (Mitchell 186). Rendering the city as a landscape is a means of presenting the individual with an illusory sense of control and freedom in the complex urban environment where control in fact belongs to the totalizing economy and freedom for some comes at the expense of freedom for others. The illusion of control is in a sense the way citizens are alienated from the constitutive parts and production of the city. Instead of seeing the realities of capital relations, or the activities of labour reproduction required daily to renew the urban workforce, citizens are presented with a stage on which the daily dramas of the “pacified public” can take place (Mitchell 186). On this stage, a certain kind of “legitimate” citizen expects a broad freedom to move through space without resistance or disturbance, such as may come from encountering or being confronted by
Statistically, over 670,000 Americans are homeless with a growing number. 48 million people go to bed hungry every night. Although we do provide shelters and opportunities in America, millions of people are homeless worldwide. Even on a more minor level there are still hundreds homeless within hometowns. Everyday we encounter the homeless whether by seeing them holding their personal signs at stoplights, confronts with beggars, or viewing them from afar under bridges. In her essay titled “On Compassion”, writer Barbara Ascher uses rhetorical techniques detailing some of her personal homeless experiences within the city life, Asher does effectively use logos, pathos,
Mark Peterson’s 1994 photograph, Image of Homelessness, compares the everyday life of the working class to the forgotten life of the lowest class in society. In the image, the viewer can see a troubled homeless man wrapped in a cocoon of standard manipulated 12in by 12in cardboard boxes and yarn. The yarn is what is keeping the man and box tied to the red bench. This bench has chipped paint and is right in front of a black fence. Underneath the bench is dirt and debris from the dead fall leaves. The center focal point is the homeless man on the bench. He is the focal point because he is the greatest outsider known to man. Behind this man is vibrant life. There is pulsating people crossing the clean street, signs of life from all the advertising on store windows, families walking and blurred cars filled with
Homelessness in America Here in Tahoe, we are lucky enough to experience a great quality of life, and only a few have to face the horrible life of poverty and homelessness. However, nationwide, even right outside the basin, homelessness is a growing epidemic across the country. There are many ways one can become homeless; for the most part poverty. There are also different concentrations of homeless in different types of terrain, such as urban or suburban areas. Last, there is the ever-growing homeless population, and how much money it costs us for others to live in poverty.
There are many components that contribute to the homelessness in America. Neoliberalism and capitalism are very important contributors to discuss. Under these practices lies multiple factors that not only perpetuate, but also maintain homelessness. In a neoliberal era, there’s a shift of deregulating and privatizing public spheres/programs and move it under the authority of private and individual entities. This includes the lack of support and funding in access to affordable housing, employment, income, public health, and other public assistance. Neoliberalism, poverty, and capitalism has play a key role in sustaining the unequal distribution of wealth and resources among people, which has resulted folks in losing their sense of self.
He states “70.6 percent of the 6,500 homeless people on any given night are considered ‘unsheltered’” (2), which serves a dual purpose; it creates sympathy for the homeless, solidifying Kurhi’s opinion that the homeless shelter is needed for those who are “unsheltered,” while maintaining his credibility. Furthermore, Kurhi quotes Sunnyvale Councilman Jim Davis, who broaches the fact that “’there are still a lot of people in danger’ on the streets” (2), further evoking sympathy and underlining Kurhi’s approval for the efforts taken by city officials to establish a new shelter. As the article progresses, Kurhi continues to further his purpose of creating an informative, unbiased article by providing the problems that are present within the city’s homelessness, and how it may prevent officials from reaching out to those who are displaced. He notes that the “topography of the county…the numerous creek beds and little pockets of open space... [become] ersatz permanent shelters” (3). Kurhi’s analysis of the problem is evident in this excerpt; his use of imagery serves to create sympathy for the rough conditions that homeless people live in and also creates urgency for the problem of sheltering the homeless. Through rhetorical devices, statistics, and emotional appeal, Kurhi manages to further his
In fiscal year 2006, the HUD, Department of Housing and Urban Development, was presented a budget by the Bush Administration consisting of $528.5 billion for homeless programs (Romeo 1). The problem of homelessness and extreme poverty is not a new occurrence; but in past years more extreme measures have been taken to combat the issue as more people become homeless. Expensive social programs and housing developments for the homeless have been created to help battle the increasing issue. Homelessness is an expensive problem that will never end; furthermore, the condition of homeless people in America is affected by the type of education they receive, the state of the economy, and the amount of funds that are available to house and feed them.
every aspect and institution in a society work as one to create a function; these institutions are said to be
The Image of Homelessness, captured by Mark Peterson in 1994, shows two perspectives of how people live their lives. In the center of the photograph you see a short, black, rounded fence, no higher than the old, brown bench placed in front of it. On the bench is a temporary shelter made of cardboard boxes, tied down with strings. To the right of the fence is a thin, sick looking tree with trash and dead leaves surrounding the base of the tree. In the bottom left corner of the photo is a box placed under the bench and reads: “Handle with Care,” which is ironic as the living conditions show a complete lack of care. Above the fence, stretching across the top of the photo, the sun shines on the blurred Burger King
The idea of homelessness is not an effortlessly characterized term. While the normal individual comprehends the essential thought of vagrancy, analysts in the sociological field have connected conflicting definitions to the idea of homelessness, justifiably so as the thought includes a measurement more exhaustive than a peculiar meaning of a single person without living arrangement. Homelessness embodies a continuum running from the nonappearance of a changeless safe house to poor living courses of action and lodging conditions. As per Wolch et al. (1988), homelessness is not an unexpected experience rather it is the zenith of a long procedure of investment hardship, disconnection, and social disengagement that has influenced a singular or family. Furthermore, states of vagrancy may come in fluctuating structures, for example, road habitation, makeshift home in safe houses, or help from administration associations, for example, soup kitchens and the Salvation Army. Homeless is characterized as those regularly poor and, once in a while, rationally sick individuals who are unable to uphold a spot to live and, subsequently, regularly may rest in boulevards, parks, and so forth (Kenyon 1991).
The Homeless in America I never imagined that I would be homeless. " Although I have read this statement over and over again, the facts behind it remain astonishing. The facts are that there are millions of homeless people in America today. Many of these people had no choice but to become homeless. Economic problems such as being laid off work, or the rise in the cost of housing, have led people to live on the streets.
Homelessness is not something that was created over night; it has existed for a long time; often we choose not to see the homeless, or bother with them, so we look the other way. Homelessness is not prejudice toward race, creed, or religion--it has no boundaries; all homeless people should not be stereotyped as being drug abusers or the mentally ill that have been released from mental hospitals. Homelessness is not a disease that a person can catch from bodily contact, but it certainly has afflicted many Americans. We need to find the cause of homelessness before we can find a solution. More money for more programs is the typical response, but we should look at what has already been instituted and reevaluate them.
U.S Government is mainly responsible for the rise in homelessness in New York City; due to their previous negligence in providing an immediate solution and the aggravation of the issue due to certain policies that they placed. (Thesis)
According to Streetwise of Street News Services (2010), the first reported instances of homelessness dates as far back as 1640, in some of the larger cities in the original 13 colonies. At this time, there were wars being fought between settlers and Native Americans, and people were left with no shelter in both sides (Street News Service, 2010). Later, the industrial revolution caused more homelessness, industrial accidents left many former hard-working families with a dead provider, or with severe disabilities, and then the economy entered a recession in the same time period (Street News Service, 2010). Wars always left a large number of veterans homeless. Later, in 1927, there was an astronomical flood along the Mississippi River, across multiple state, leaving about 1.3 million people without a home (Street News Service, 2010). Natural disasters such as Hurricane Katrina, the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco, the Asian tsunami in 2004, and the earthquake early this year in Japan are still a major cause of homelessness.
In conclusion, homelessness has taken a toll on millions of people around the world. Being physically or spiritually deprived of shelter has forced many people to face this gruesome situation. Observing ones stance on the issue, analyzing why the homeless resorts to violence to remedy their problems, and examining new and creative ways of helping the desolate, by implementing new plans to end this unfortunate situation, can provide better lives for the downtrodden and forgotten. No matter who you are, or what you do, everyone is affected by homelessness. Even if you have not experienced losing your dwelling firsthand, there is no doubt that almost every community is stricken with homelessness. Keep in mind that most of us are one paycheck away from being homeless ourselves.
In conclusion, homelessness has taken a toll on millions of people around the world. Being physically or spiritually deprived of shelter has forced many people to face this gruesome situation. Observing ones stance on the issue, analyzing why the homeless resorts to violence to remedy their problems, and examining new and creative ways of helping the desolate, by implementing new plans to end this unfortunate situation, can provide better lives for the downtrodden and forgotten. No matter who you are, or what you do, everyone is affected by homelessness. Even if you have not experienced losing your dwelling firsthand, there is no doubt that almost every community is stricken with homelessness. Keep in mind that most of us are one paycheck away from being homeless ourselves.