History of the Conflict In Sudan and the Role of the United Nations

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History of the Conflict In Sudan and the Role of the United Nations

Introduction

Sudan is Africa’s largest state and has been involved in conflict of various origins for varying periods of time. The paper will trace the origin and evolution of Sudan’s two most significant wars: the north-south civil war and the current conflict in the Darfur region that is now gaining international notoriety. Additionally, the UN System that is in place in Sudan will be analyzed anatomically. Ultimately the paper seeks to unearth ideas on what needs to happen going forward in order to improve the Darfur situation, as well as identify key inefficiencies in the UN’s approach to delivering aid.

History of the Crises In Sudan

Sudan is divided between an Arabic, Muslim north and an African south which is largely Christian or animist. Tension between these two realities has caused Sudan to know only 11 years of peace since gaining independence from 1956. The instability brought on by Sudan’s independence began to take shape in the months leading up to victory over colonization. Southern troops became fearful of domination by the north and began to mutiny. The southern mutinies were put down but following independence strife in the south continued as a rebel group known as the Anya-Nya fiercely sought either autonomy or outright succession. Efforts of the Anya-Nya continued until 1972 when President Numeiry of Sudan signed the Addis Ababa accord with the rebels resulting in three provinces within Southern Sudan that were given a significant degree of autonomy. Following this breakthrough negotiation, peace fell over Sudan up to 1983 when President Numeiry changed his stance wherein he not only instituted Islamic law in the country...

... middle of paper ...

...://www.unsudanig.org/system/index.jsp. “United Nations System in Sudan:

Information Pack.”

http://www.unsudanig.org/system/index.jsp?agency=FAO

http://www.unsudanig.org/system/index.jsp?agency=OCHA

http://news.amnesty.org/index/engafr540042003. “Sudan: Urgent call for Commission of

Inquiry in Darfur as situation deteriorates.”

http://www.unsudanig.org/system/index.jsp?agency=OHCHR

http://www.unsudanig.org/system/index.jsp?agency=UNHCR

http://www.unsudanig.org/system/index.jsp?agency=UNDP

http://www.unsudanig.org/system/index.jsp?agency=UNFPA

http://www.unsudanig.org/system/index.jsp?agency=UNICEF

http://www.unsudanig.org/system/index.jsp?agency=UNIDO

http://www.unsudanig.org/system/index.jsp?agency=UNMAS

http://www.unsudanig.org/system/index.jsp?agency=WHO

http://news.amnesty.org/pages/sudan “Civilians Under Threat In Darfur.”

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